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Spanish Wine Scholar > Green Spain > Flashcards

Green Spain Flashcards

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1
Q

which of Spain’s 17 autonomous regions make up Green Spain

A

Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria and Pais Vasco

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2
Q

Galicia was historically occupied by which race. When did the Romans invade

A

Celts. Romans invaded in 137 BC

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3
Q

what is the name of the local wild vines native to Galicia

A

Vitis Sylvesris

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4
Q

After the Romans which peoples took control of Galicia

A

The Suebi in 5th century AD, the Visigoths in 8th century AD, the Christians in 9th century AD

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5
Q

what is the capital of Galicia

A

Santiago de Compostela

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6
Q

what is the name of the route travelled by pilgrims across Northern Spain to Santiago de Compostela

A

Camino de Santiago ( the way of St James )

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7
Q

what is Galicia’s historic center of wine production and what wine was it historically famous for

A

Ribeiro. Tostado do Ribeiro a sweet fortified wine made from sun dried grapes

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8
Q

what happened to the Galician wine trade in the late 1800s / early 1900s

A

the sweet wines of the region went out of favor and the regions vineyards were abandoned. Phylloxera hit in the late 1800s and vines were eventually replaced with low quality hybrid vines

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9
Q

when was Galicia first made autonomous and what occured before they could take advantage of this

A
  1. The Spanish civil war occured shortly after and Galicia remained under Nationalist control throughout the war
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10
Q

when did Galicia regain its autonomy after Franco’s death. What happened to the wine industry in the region around this time

A
  1. A group of wine makers began making quality wine from Albarino, Godello and Mencia
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11
Q

True or False. The majority of wines made in Green Spain are made from local grape varietals

A

True. regional authorities created regulations restricting the use of international varietals

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12
Q

what did Spain’s entry into the EU in 1986 do for Galicia’s wine industry

A

Money earmarked specifically for re-juvination of Galicia’s wine industry became available

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13
Q

what are the 4 provinces which comprise Galicia. What is its most populous city

A

A Coruna, Lugo, Pontevedre and Ourense

Vigo is the most population

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14
Q

what is a Rias

A

A submerged glacial river valley

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15
Q

what are the 2 most important rivers of Galicia

A

Mino and Sil

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16
Q

How are vines planted on the hills and flat lands of Galicia

A

En espaldera ( VSP ) on terraced slopes and on parral on flatter sites

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17
Q

what are parrals often preferred by Galician growers

A

Land is scarce and vineyards are often fragmented into small sites with several owners. Growers preferr the parral because it allows higher yields

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18
Q

apart from air circulation what is another advantage of the parral

A

it allows growers to plant a second crop underneath the raised vines.

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19
Q

what are the 3 mountain ranges which make up the Macizo Galaico

A

Serra do Eixe, Serra da Encina da Lastra and Serra do Courel

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20
Q

what soil types are found in Galicia

A

Shallow sandy granite based along coast, clay granite based inland along river valleys, further inland shallow slate, shale and granitic sand.

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21
Q

why are the soils of Galicia well suited to the region

A

Granite is porous and provides excellent drainage in a what is a wet region

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22
Q

Describe the general style of Galician red and white wine

A

youthful and fresh

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23
Q

what varietals are Galician winemakers using to experiment with barrel aged white wines

A

Albarino, Treixadura, Godello and Loureira

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24
Q

what is the genus and species of Galician oak

A

Quercu Pyrenaica

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25
Q

what are the 5 DOs of Galicia

A

Valdeorras, Rias Baixas, Ribeiro, Ribeira Sacra and Monterrei

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26
Q

what are the 5 subzones of Rias Baixas

A

Soutomaiar, O Rosal, Condado do Tea, Val de Salnes and Ribeira do Ulla

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27
Q

True or False. Rias Baixas produces roughly an equal amount of red and white wine

A

False. It produces 99% white

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28
Q

what are the main soil types of Rias Baixas

A

Shallow sandy. some granite some alluvial

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29
Q

what is the oldest subzone of RB. What is it known for

A

Val do Salnes known as the birthplace of Albarino. It is the coolest and flattest

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30
Q

what is the warmest subzone of RB and which river does it sit on

A

Condado do Tea located on the northern bank of the river mino

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31
Q

which RB subzone produces 100% albarino

A

Soutomaiar

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32
Q

which RB subzone produces the most red wine

A

Condado do Tea

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33
Q

which RB subzone produces some of the best reds in Galicia

A

Ribeira do Ulla

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34
Q

which RB subzone has terraced vineyards and is situated on the right bank of the Mino river

A

O Rosal

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35
Q

what is the Galician word for Bodega used to describe small scale family wine producers

A

Adegas

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36
Q

what are the 6 white wine designations of RB

A

Rias Baixas = no restriction
Rias Baixas Albarino = 100% Albarino
Rias Baixas Condado do Tea = >70% Albarino & Treixadura
Rias Baixas Rosal = 70% Albarino & Loureira
Rias Baixas Salnes = 70% Albarino & Loureira
Rias Baixas Ribeiro do Ulla = Treixadura & Caino Blanco

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37
Q

what is the flavor profile of typical RB Albarino

A

Pale with citrus, peaches and white flowers. Light bodied, zesty with a hint of salinity

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38
Q

True or False. DO Ribeira Sacra produces mostly red wine

A

True. 94% red

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39
Q

what are the 3 rivers of Ribeira Sacra

A

Mino, Sil and Bibei

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40
Q

what are the soil types found in RS

A

Slate along the Mino. Granite along the Bibei / Sil rivers

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41
Q

what is the preferred red grape of RS

A

Mencia

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42
Q

what are the 5 subzones of RS

A

Chantada, Ribeiras do Mino, Ribeiras do Sil, Amandi and Quiroga-Bibei

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43
Q

the 5 subzones of RS are located next to which rivers

A

Chantada and Ribeiras do Mino are on the Mino, The others flank the Sil

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44
Q

Describe the profile of Mencia from RS

A

Light, lively, moderately pigmented with soft tannins. red berries, herbs and a smoky minerality.

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45
Q

what does DO RS stipulate for it’s red wine production.

A

75% preferred varietals

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46
Q

what is Ribeira Sacra Summum

A

85% preferred red varietal including a min 60% Mencia. whites must be 100% preferred

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47
Q

True or False. DO RIbeiro produces more red wine than white

A

False. It produces 90% white

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48
Q

what is the preferred white grape of DO Ribeiro

A

Treixadura

49
Q

what are the soils of DO Ribeiro

A

70% granite, 20% Schist, 10% sedimentary

50
Q

what is the oldest DO of Galicia

A

DO Ribeiro

51
Q

what 3 rivers do the vineyards of DO Ribeiro border. Where are the best vineyards

A

Mino, Avia and Arnoia. Best are on the hillsides where elevation preserves acidity

52
Q

Describe typical DO Ribeiro wines

A

Medium bodied, unoaked, Treixadura dominant, fresh acidity, lime, stone fruit and a hint of cucumber

53
Q

what is a colleiteiro in which DO is it found

A

DO Ribeiro. A small boutique producer making less than 15,000 gal / year. Must grow, harvest and vinify all their own grapes from only their estates

54
Q

what is the approx split between red and white wine production in DO Valdeorras

A

55% white / 45% red

55
Q

what is the general soil type in Valdeorras

A

shallow slate on top of quartzite and schist bedrock

56
Q

what are the preferred and most widely used red and white grapes of Valdeorras

A

Godello and Mencia

57
Q

the vineyards of Valdeorras flank which river

A

Sil

58
Q

what are the eight subregions of Valdeorras

A

A Rua, Carballeda de Valdeorras, Larouco, O Barco, O Bolo, Petin, Rubia and Vilamartin

59
Q

Valdeorras produces some of Green Spain’s best wine from which grape

A

Godello

60
Q

Wine labelled as Valdeorras Godello and Mencia must contain what proportion of each

A

100% Godello and 85% Mencia

61
Q

what is the name of the wine category recently created by DO Valdeorras where the wine must contain at least 85% of preferred vatietals

A

Valdeorras Castas Nobles

62
Q

Describe the typical profile of Valdeorras Godello

A

Ripe yellow apple fruit, hint of thyme, stony minerality

63
Q

what feature of Asturias and Cantabria has deterred invaders historically

A

Remote location and mountainous terrain

64
Q

what is the name of the celtic tribes who settled in Asturias and Cantabria in 5 BC. What is the name of the hilltop towns they lived in

A

Astures and Cantabri. Lived in Castros

65
Q

Apart from the Celts which other peoples settled the region of Asturias and Cantabria for a time

A

Romans ( never fully conquered it ), Suebi, Visigoths, Moors marched north but were defeated at Covadonga

66
Q

What did the Moorish defeat at Covdonga start into motion

A

The Reconquista

67
Q

After the reconquista who controlled Asturias and Cantabria

A

The Christian crown

68
Q

Who initiated the wine making tradition of Asturias and Cantabria

A

Benedictine monks in 9th century

69
Q

What sites in Asturias and Cantabria were considered by the Monks as being most suitable for vine growing

A

In Asturias the deep river valleys of the SW ( Cangas ) and in Cantabria on the coast and in the mountains

70
Q

which was the first Spanish province to rise up against the French in the Nepoleonic wars of the early 19th century

A

Asturias

71
Q

Why was Asturias harshly treated by Franco

A

Because they opposed the powerful right wing party

72
Q

why was the 19th century a difficult time for Asturias and Cantabria wine industry

A

ravaged by powdery mildew in the 1850s then phylloxera in 1889

73
Q

what stopped the wine recovery of Asturias and Cantabria dead in its tracks in 1959

A

A hailstorm wrecked the vineyards and there was no harvest for 3 years. Wine makers were lured away by higher wages that could be had at the coal mines.

74
Q

what was initiated in the 1990s in order to preserve the winemaking heritage of Asturias. What did it result in

A

The Wine of Cangas campaign resulted in the formation of VC Cangas

75
Q

what are the capitals of Asturias and Cantabria

A

Oveido and Santander

76
Q

what is the foehn effect

A

Air forced upwards in mountainous terrain expands and cools condensing water vapor in the air which falls as rain. The condensation leads to a release of heat and results in drying and warming effect on the lee side of the mountain

77
Q

what forms a natural border to the south of Asturias and Cantabria

A

Cordillera Cantabrica

78
Q

what is the highest range within the Cordillera Cantabrica system. What is the highest peak called

A

The Picos de Europa. Torrecerredo at 8,600 ft

79
Q

what is the soil of Asturias

A

Limestone in the mountains giving way to slate which gives good drainage

80
Q

what is the soil of Cantabria

A

Limestone in Mountains with shale and sandstone in the valley floors. Soil is very fertile which is not good for quality wine production - it is better known for apples

81
Q

what grapes are dominant in Asturias

A

White - Albarin Blanco Red - Mencia, Albarin Tinto, Carrasquin

82
Q

Describe Asturian wines

A

Reds - light, fruity floral, mineral driven. Whites clean bright, floral with balanced acidity

83
Q

what grapes dominate in Cantabria

A

Reds - Hondarrabi Beltza Whites - Albarino, Godello, Treixadura, Hondarrabi Zuri. Both reds and whites are fresh high acid wines

84
Q

during the iron age what were the native basques referred to as

A

Vascones

85
Q

how did the Vascones fair during Roman rule

A

They were strong allies of the Romans who allowed them to retain their culture and language

86
Q

the Vascones were sandwiched in between which 2 warring Kingdoms. Which one did the Vascones eventually side with

A

Visigoths and Franks. The Franks

87
Q

what region eventually absorbed the entire basque region

A

Navarra

88
Q

what are the 3 basque provinces called

A

Alava, Vizkaya and Guipozcoa

89
Q

which 2 regions fought over basque country in the 1100s

A

Castille and Navarra

90
Q

what were the special privileges awarded to the basques in return for incorporation into the Kingdom of Castille and loyalty to the Spanish crown

A

the Fueros

91
Q

when were the earliest references to Txakoli

A

1623

92
Q

which country took control of all basque territories in the late 18th / early 19th century

A

French

93
Q

who kicked the French out of Pais Vasco in 1813 and what happened the following year as a result

A

British and Portuguese. The region was put back under control of the Spanish King ( Ferdinand VII ) and the basques got their Fueros back again

94
Q

What was partly responsible for the formation of the Basque nationalist movement

A

Influx of foreign workers to the region in the industrialized era following WW I

95
Q

What is the basque terrorist group known as. What was it formed as a direct result of

A

ETA. Franco bombing Guernica and banning of basque language

96
Q

Why did Franco dislike the basques

A

They sided with the Spanish republic against Franco during the civil war

97
Q

what was formed in 1980 to revitalize the basque wine industry

A

The association of Txakolineros

98
Q

what is the 4th Spanish basque province ( outside of Pais Vasco )

A

Navarra

99
Q

What runs along the southern border of Pais Vasco

A

The Ebro river

100
Q

In which city is the basque government located

A

Vitoria Gasteiz

101
Q

what are the 2 coastal provinces of Pais Vasco and what is the southern mountainous province. How do their climates compare

A

Vizkaya and Giupuzcoa are cool maritime. Alava in the south is more continental with large diurnal swings - it is also generally drier during the growing season

102
Q

what are the 3 distinct areas of Pais Vasco

A

Atlantic Basin, Montes Vasco and the Ebro River Basin

103
Q

The Atlantic Basin in Pais Vasco encompasses which 2 provinces

A

Vizkaya and Guipuzcoa

104
Q

Where are the majority of the vineyards in Pais Vasco found

A

On top of high cliffs running from the coastline to the interior hillsides

105
Q

What is the name of the high plateau which separates the Basque mountains.

A

The Alava plain

106
Q

In which direction do rivers flow in Pais Vasco

A

South into the Ebro

107
Q

The southern part of Alava province is in the Ebro river basin which it shares with which part of Rioja

A

Rioja Alavesa

108
Q

Describe the character of Txakoli

A

pale yellow, crisp, high acid, citrus and white flowers

109
Q

what is the wettest of all Spains DOs

A

Getaria in Pais Vasco

110
Q

In the 3 Basque regions how much of the named varietal must be present in varietally labelled wine. What must be present in a minimum quantity in Rosadas

A

85%

Rosadas must contain at least 50% Hondarrabi Beltza

111
Q

What is the soil of DO Arabako and how are vines typically trained

A

Limestone, stone and clay

En Espaldera

112
Q

What are the 5 municipalities of DO Arabako

A

Amurrio, Llodio, Artziniega, Okondo and Aiara

113
Q

How does the txakoli from DO Arabako compare with the other 2 DOs

A

The DO is warmer and more continental in climate so the wines are fuller and richer

114
Q

What is the soil type of DO Bizkaiko. In which province is it located and how are vines typically trained by the coast and further inland

A

Clay-Loam, Limestone and Marl
Vizkaya province
Parral trained by the coast. En Espaldera further inland

115
Q

Inland vineyards of Bizkaiya are influenced by what weather effect

A

The foehn effect

116
Q

what are the 6 municipalities of Bizkaiya

A

Encartaciones, Uribe, Urdaibai, Lea Artibai, Nervion and Duranguesado

117
Q

Describe the profile of Bizkaiya txakoli

A

Light and easy drinking with floral notes and tangy citrus and green apple fruit. Highly acidic

118
Q

what is the soil type of DO Getaraiko and how are it’s vines trained

A

Sandy topsoil with alluvial clay subsoil. Vines are in the parral system to combat humidity

119
Q

Name 2 municipalities of DO Getaraiko

A

Getaria and Zauratz

Spanish Wine Scholar (4 decks)

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