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Spanish Wine Scholar > Duero River Valley > Flashcards

Duero River Valley Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the name of the pre-roman city which later lent its name to the region of Bierzo

A

Bergidum

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2
Q

what were the 3 Celtic tribes which inhabited the Duero river valley

A

Astures, Vacceos and the Celtiberians

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3
Q

What city did the Celtiberians burn rather than allow its occupation by the Romans

A

Numancia

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4
Q

what is a prime example of Roman engineering in the Duero river valley

A

The aquaduct of Segovia

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5
Q

who conquered the Duero after the fall of the Roman empire

A

The Visigoths and then the Moors

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6
Q

what is the name of the pilgrims route through Galcia to Santiago de Compostella

A

The Camino de Santiago ( the way of St James )

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7
Q

what is the city in the Duero Valley which was the home of the Royal Court and the heart of Castile

A

Burgos

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8
Q

what is the ancient name for Rueda the wines of which were favored by Queen Isabella

A

Tierra de Medina

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9
Q

When were Ferdinand and Isabella married

A

1469

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10
Q

After Burgos what became the capital of Castile

A

Valladolid

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11
Q

when was the Spanish Civil War and the start of the Franco regime which ended any attempts at autonomy

A

1939

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12
Q

In which direction does the Duero flow

A

East to West

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13
Q

Who was the winemaker at Vega Sicilia founded in 1864

A

Don Elroy Lecanda y Chaves

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14
Q

What encouraged creation of autonomous regions again after the Franco regime ended

A

The Spanish Constitution of 1978

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15
Q

which regions of Castile chose autonomy as a result of the 1978 constitution. What region followed suit in 1983

A

La Rioja and Cantabria

Castilla y Leon

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16
Q

Which is Spain’s largest autonomous region and is completely landlocked

A

Castilla y Leon

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17
Q

What are the 9 provinces of Castilla y Leon

A

Avila, Burgos, Leon, Palencia, Salamanca, Segovia, Soria, Valladolid and Zamora

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18
Q

what is the climate of Castilla y Leon

A

Continental

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19
Q

what are Spain’s 3 coldest provincial capitals and which region are they located in

A

Avila, Soria and Burgos located in Castilla y Leon

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20
Q

what is the average elevation of the mountainous Castilla y Leon region

A

2,700 ft

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21
Q

what is the largest river basin on the Iberian peninsula

A

Duero River Basin ( 37,000 square miles )

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22
Q

what forms a natural border between Castilla y Leon and Asturias / Canabria

A

Cordillera Cantabrica and Montes de Leon

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23
Q

what forms a natural southern border between Castilla y Leon and Castilla la Mancha and Madrid

A

Sistema Central

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24
Q

what mountain range lies to the east of Castilla y Leon

A

Sistema Iberico

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25
Q

what is the highest mountain in the Castilla y Leon region

A

Torrecerredo in the Picos de Europa at 8,600 ft

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26
Q

In general what are the soils of the river valleys in the Castilla y Leon region

A

clay, alluvium or stony sandy soils with some limestone

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27
Q

which grapes is authorized in all but one of the 13 DOs of Castilla Y Leon….what is that DO

A

Tempranillo. DO Bierzo

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28
Q

what are the synonyms of Tempranillo in Castilla y Leon

A

Tinto de Toro, Tinta del Pais and Tinto Fino

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29
Q

which 3 DOs in the NW of Castilla y Leon make red wine from grapes other than Tempranillo

A

Bierzo ( Mencia ), Tierra de Leon and Valles de Benavente ( Prieto Picudo )

30
Q

Rueda specializes in white wine from which grape(s)

A

Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc ( and sometimes Viura )

31
Q

what are the soils of the plains of Castilla y Leon

A

Brown limestone with clay loam and sand

32
Q

How were the vines of Castilla y Leon trained…why ?

A

Gobelet, En Vaso. To protect from the harsh sun

33
Q

How are wines made from international varietals in “unauthorized” quantities labelled in Castilla y Leon

A

VT Castilla y Leon

34
Q

what is the clarete method of producing Vinos Rosada and where is it practiced primarily

A

White and Red grapes are crushed and vinified as a vino tinto. DO Cigales

35
Q

what are the soils of Bierzo

A

Granite, limestone, quartzite, slate

36
Q

what are the preferred red and white grapes of Bierzo

A

Godello and Mencia

37
Q

which area is Biezo climatically closer to than the rest of Castilla y Leon

A

Green Spain

38
Q

is the elevation in Bierzo higher or lower than the rest of the region

A

lower

39
Q

In Bierzo what percentages of Mencia must red and rose wines contain

A

70 and 50% respectively

40
Q

What is the profile of red wine made in Bierzo from Mencia grapes

A

Bright, fresh, moderate tannin, raspberry, red plums, rosemary and thyme

41
Q

what are the soils of Cigales

A

Sand and limestone top soil over clay and loam

42
Q

what are the preferred red and white grapes of Cigales

A

Tempranillo, Garnacha Tinto / Verdejo, Garnacha Gris

43
Q

which tributary of the Duero does Cigales straddle

A

Pisuerga River

44
Q

what is the name of the family owned and farmed plots of land in Cigales which supply grapes to winemakers

A

Majuelos

45
Q

In Cigales white wine must contain what percentage of which grapes

A

50% Verdejo

46
Q

In Cigales red and rose must contain what percentage of preferred grapes

A

50%

47
Q

what is the predominant soil type of RDD

A

Sandy limestone and clay

48
Q

what is the average elevation of vineyards in RDD

A

2,500 - 3,100 ft

49
Q

what is the preferred red grape of RDD…what is the authorized white grape

A

Tempranillo / Albillo Major

50
Q

Proximity to which 2 mountain ranges creates an extreme continental climate in RDD

A

Sierra de la Demanda and Sierra de Guadarrama

51
Q

who was the winemaker who made successful wines from single varietal Tempranillo grown around the village of Pesquara de Duero in the 1970s

A

Alejandro Fernandez

52
Q

when did the explosion in the number of RDD winemakers take place

A

1980s

53
Q

what is Tempranillo known as in RDD

A

Tinto Fino / Tinta del Pais

54
Q

What % of which grape must RDD red wine comprise. What white grapes are permitted in the blend and to what %

A

75% Tempranillo. Garnacha Blanca and Albillo Major are permitted to 5% of the overall blend

55
Q

what is the primary use for Albillo Major in RDD

A

Production of Vino Rosado and non DO vino blanco

56
Q

describe the profiles of RDD joven, crianza, reserva and gran reserva red wines

A

Joven are medium bodied with moderate tannin and color with flavors of ripe strawberry and black plum. Crianza and Reserva are more concentrated and have a more profile that is more savory and spicy than fruity. Gran reservas are full bodied with supple polymerized tannins and complex tertiary flavors

57
Q

what style of wine is predominantly produced in Rueda

A

Vino blanco made from Verdejo

58
Q

what is the soil type of Rueda

A

Gravel and stone. Sandy limestone and limestone

59
Q

what is the typical elevation of Rueda

A

2,200 to 2,600 ft

60
Q

what are the preferred red and white grapes of Rueda

A

Tempranillo and Verdejo

61
Q

what is the profile of Verdejo

A

Grass, lemon, lime and peach

62
Q

who led the process of change in Rueda from bulk wine production from Palomino to crisp fruity wines from Verdejo in the 1970s

A

Francisco Hurtado de Amezaga of Marques de Riscal in Rioja

63
Q

how do older vs newer plantings of Verdejo in Rueda compare in terms of how they are trained

A

Older vines are planted en vaso while newer plantings are espaldera to allow mechanized harvesting

64
Q

what are the varietal compositions of Rueda’s white wine styles

A

Rueda - 50% Verdejo
Rueda Verdejo - 85% Verdejo
Rueda Sauvignon - 85% Sauvignon Blanc
Rueda Espumoso - 50% Verdejo ( Seco / Semi Seco)
85% Verdejo ( brut / brut nature )
Rueda Durado - Oxidatively aged using only approved white varietals

65
Q

True or False. Rueda is Spain’s largest producer of white wine

A

True. It produces 40% of Spain’s white wine

66
Q

what is rthe predominant soil type of DO Toro

A

sand and clay with limestone

67
Q

what is the typical elevation of DO Toro

A

2,200 to 2,700 ft

68
Q

what are the preferred red and white grapes of Toro

A

Tinto de Toro and Malvasia Castellana / Dona Blanca / Verdejo

69
Q

what is the climate of DO Toro

A

extreme continental

70
Q

what kind of soils, predominant in Toro are resistant to phylloxera

A

Sandy

71
Q

if red wine is blended in Toro what is it typically blended with - what % of which grape is required by DO law

A

must be 75% tinto de toro and occasionally blended with garnacha tinta

72
Q

what is the typical profile of Toro red wine

A

Fruit forward, fresh, bold, tannic with soft acidity. Age well

Spanish Wine Scholar (4 decks)

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