Green crime/global crime

Question 1

What is green crime?

Answer 1

Crime against the environment

Question 2

What are the two types of green crime according to Carrabine?

Answer 2

• Primary: Environment itself is affected. (e.g., air pollution, water pollution, deforestation, species and animal rights decline)
• Secondary: Actions done in response to primary green crime like attempts to cover it up by breaking environmental regulations, violence against pressure groups, or using criminal organisations to dump waste.

Question 3

Why do small states not have the power to deal with major environmental crime?

Answer 3

• It goes beyond their state. Planet is a unified eco system.
• Aas said the local environmental harm is often the product of events and activities globally.

Question 4

What crimes are seen as harmful to the environment yet not illegal?

Answer 4

Deforestation
CO2 emissions
Overfishing

Question 5

Who discusses the two types of green crime?

Answer 5

Carrabine

Question 6

What green criminologist discusses how class relates to green crime?

Answer 6

Potter

Question 7

What does Potter believe about green crime?

Answer 7

It is always the poorest that suffer, and the rich that are responsible who avoid consequence.

Question 8

What three sociologists/green criminologists discuss green crime?

Answer 8

• Aas: Impact of global environmental harm.
• Potter: Poor that suffer.
• Carrabine: Types green crime.

Question 9

How does Aas define Global organised crime?

Answer 9

‘Cross border activities of organised crime groups exploiting to their advantage, increasing global interconnectedness.’

Question 10

What are examples of global organised crime?

Answer 10

Drug trafficking
Human trafficking
Wildlife crime

Question 11

Why is it hard to provide accurate stats on global organised crime?

Answer 11

• It’s hard to define what is criminal.
• Only a fraction of the crimes is known.
• Increased trend towards state deregulation and a lack of global attention.

Question 12

Why is global crime difficult to respond to?

Answer 12

• There are different border issues for different countries.
• Lack global attention at the threat of terrorism across the world.
• Criminals have taken advantage of open borders.

Question 13

What sociologists discuss global organised crime?

Answer 13

• Aas: the definition
• Castells: opportunity for business networks
• Gastrow: state borders
• Robertson: ‘glocalisation’

Question 14

What did Castells say about organised crime groups?

Answer 14

They see globalisation as an opportunity for business networks to link up with other criminal groups in different countries, targeting low risk areas with a lack of regulation.

Question 15

Who says local organised crime is the issue?

Answer 15

Robertson

Question 16

What does Robertson argue?

Answer 16

• Local Organised Crime is the issue.
• He refers to ‘glocalization’ where global and local crime intertwine and cause issues.
• For example, although the drug trade is global, the way it is organised in individual countries varies based on politics, laws, and the culture.

Question 17

How much did the UN estimate transnational corporations are worth annually in 2009?

Answer 17

$870 billion business

Question 18

What does Gastrow say about global organised crime?

Answer 18

• Global crime enterprises ‘prey on every aspect of global society, fuelling conflict, destroying the environment, and corrupting governments.’
• Says that the key problem is that state borders mean nothing to global organisations meaning they are difficult to track.
• Increasing wealth gaps may fuel global crime through demands for cheap goods etc.,

Question 19

What sociologists discuss how small states are insignificant when discussing global organised crime?

Answer 19

• Gastow
• Castells

Question 20

Who says that global crime enterprises ‘prey on every aspect of global society, fuelling conflict, destroying the environment, and corrupting governments.’?

Answer 20

Gastrow