Green Book Flashcards
What is the neurological pathway that explains change in muscle test when evaluating nutrition?
Taste bud receptors goes to the nucleus of the tractus solitarius in the brainstem
Then to the hypothalamus also conscious centres for taste
Then the muscles
When performing the LAAT How long does the blue dye must stay on the tongue to indicate ascorbic acid deficiency?
20 seconds or more
What’s three things could explain a high LAAT time?
Ascorbic acid deficiency
Too much ascorbic acid (increased ascorbase which breaks down ascorbic acid and increased acidity from too much ascorbic acid decreases ascorbic acid absorption
Toxicity
What does the Koenisburg test measure?
Sodium level in the urine
When there is inadequate aldosterone the kidney allows, sodium and chloride and water to spill into the urine and maintains ionic balance by retaining potassium rather than excreting potassium
What symptoms are associated with aldosterone deficiency?
Dehydration
Perspiration
Excessive urination
Muscle twitches from sodium and potassium imbalance
Heart arrhythmia
Eyes sensitive to light
Non-pitting edema
Craving salt
What is the normal drop ratio for the Koenisburg test?
17–25 drops (the higher the number of drops the more sodium is spilled into the urine)
What food contains the greatest amount of sodium?
Zucchini
What are the symptoms associated with adrenal sex hormone dysfunction?
Hyper : secondary sexual characteristics of the opposite sex (women with body hair and men with gynaecomastia)
Hypo : menopause symptoms ranging from feeling poorly to severe psychosis
What 3 body tissues don’t store glucose?
Retina
Epithelial tissue
Nervous tissue
Explain the symptoms associated with lowered output of adrenal glucocorticoids.
Blood pooling in the abdomen
Ragland effect
Epinephrine is a vasoconstrictor and Cortisol sensitizes the arterioles to the constrictive action of epinephrine.
If Cortisol is low, epinephrine can’t function correctly, and there will be inadequate vasoconstriction in response to operate posture which explains the Ragland effect.
In the abdomen and pelvis, there are no valves to prevent the blood from pooling and it depends on vasoconstriction of the local blood vessels
Explain the symptoms associated with lower output of adrenal glucocorticoids?
Dizziness and lightheadedness
Headache
Reactive high blood pressure
Louder Second heart sound
Dizziness and lightheadedness is because of the inadequate vasoconstriction in response to upright posture
Headaches can come from interference with blood supply to the head from blood pooling in the abdomen
Reactive paradoxal high blood pressure Can result from the bodies effort to change the blood pooling in the abdomen by elevating the systolic blood pressure. But there will still be a decrease of pressure from supine to standing.
Louder Second heart sound is from pulmonary hypertension. The hypoadrenic patient doesn’t have the benefit of epinephrine action on the pulmonary capillaries and mucous membranes with the resultant swelling of the mucous membranes and an increase in mucus production or secretion. Physical evidence of this loud second heart sound at the pulmonary area.
What two organs must be evaluated in case of hemorrhoids?
Liver and adrenals
What explains the increased pigmentation of the skin and some severe cases of hypoadrenia?
Pituitary response to low adrenal functioning by secreting ACTH which has about one hundredth of the effect of the melanocyte stimulating hormone MSH
What is the adrenal nutrition of choice for a hypertensive patient?
Protomorphogen
Where are the neutrophils and lymphocytes produced?
Neutrophils are produced in the bone marrow
Lymphocytes are produced in lymphatic tissue
