Greek History Flashcards
Dark Age
75% Pop drop Loss of international trade and writing No more urban centers Deterioration of fine arts; Proto-Geometrict Style Big man government
Oral Tradition
Dark Age = Age of Heros
5 Ages of Man
Trojan War
Dark Age Culture
Xenia is super important
Epic burial
Proto-geometrict/geometric Style Pottery
Epic Burials
Primary cremation, Processions, mound, funeral games
Lefkandi Burials
Female Inhumation: Weapons, armor, artwork
Male cremation: Warrior burial
Burial of 4 horses
Proto-Geometric/Geometric Pottery
Scenes from epic poetry
Burial scenes
Pottery for Symposiums
Archaic Period State-Types
Macro States: Countries (Egypt)
Micro States: Polis/City-states (everyone else)
Chalkis/Eritrea
Polis from Euboea. Rivals. Warred themselves into irrelevance. Prolific colonizers (Syria, Italy, Sicily)
Lelatine War
War between Chalkis/Eritrea. Only war with multiple Polis on each side between Troy and Persian Wars
Polis Size
Usually quite small, 350KM area. Athens was exceptional with 2589KM area and 40k citizens
Ethnos
Group of villages that share foreign policy but self-rule
koinon
Alliance
Synedrion
Council/Assembly
First Amphictyony
Centered on Thermopolaye and Demeter worship at Anthela
Delphic Amphictyony
Centered on Delphi and Apollo Worship
Most of Greece north of Attica.
MASSIVE amount of land/people
Sparta/Athens wanted to mobilize it
Bronze Age Historians
chronographers; King lists
Dark Age Historians
Oral Tradition
Archaic Period
Epic Poetry
Great Man Theory
“Great Men” are the true movers and shakers of history
Hecataeus of Miletus
Late 5th/early 4th century historian
Periodos; World map and ethnography
Heroologia; Geneology of heros
Ethnography
Study of peoples/cultures
Limits of Ancient History
4 generation rule
Rarely impartial (Educational/Memorial works)
Low standards of proof (eye witness accounts, documents, speeches)
Heavily influenced by writer’s world view/morals
Herodotus
4th Century Historian
Born in Halicarnassus, Ionia (Persia)
Historia/History
Inquiry/Study of battles/events
Herodotus’s Method
See event (Opsis) Get hearsay (Akoe) Analyze hearsay (Eikos) Make critical judgement with evidence (Gnome) Interviewed all sides Narrative style
Histories or Persian Wars
9 Books 1. Intro/illustrate method 2. Egypt (ethno) 3. Persia (ethno) 4. Scythia/North Africa (ethno) 5. Balkans/Thrace/Greece (ethno) 6. Ionian Revolt 7-9. Invasion of Xerxes
thaumatology
Study of wonders
Themes of Histories
Hellenocentric
Clash of Civs (East vs West)
Says Persian wars are because the Greeks overreacted to the abduction of a women
Moral Framework; Noble nature corrupted by power/wealth
Polis Revolutions
Rising middle class demand privileges
Land ownership crisis
Aristocratic rivalries
Solutions to Polis Revolution Factors
Colonization (send away dissidents)
Reform (led to the Greek Tyrants)
Typical Acts of Tyrants
Personal propaganda Warfare (expansion) Push religion, patron arts Building programs, trade reform Persecute rivals, reorganize population's tribes
Corinth
Major power and colonizer (Syracuse, Corcyra)
Powerful economics (controls Ismuth)
Many artifacts destroyed when Rome sacked it
Had no central agora, diffused
Corinth’s Government
Led by Bacchidai nobility
Had to marry within family
Cypselus
6th Century and 1st Tyrant of Corinth Son of a Bacchidai and non-Bacchidai Supported by discontent wealthy Implemented Council of 80 with 8 Probouloi Founded clonies, built temples
Perimander
2nd Tyrant of Corinth
Originally milder, after advice from Thrasyboulos becomes brutal
Cypselus II/Psammetichos
Last Tyrant of Corinth
Linked to Psammetichos of Egypt
Murdered in 585BC
The Sparta Problem
No primary sources locally created, all sources from foreigners
Eurotas River Valley
Center of Lakonia, source of main settlements
Taygetos Mountains
Where the Spartans “exposed” unfit newborns
First Messinian War
Spartans conquer a chunk of Messinia and helotize the population in late 7th century
Partheniai
Children born from affairs during the First Messinian War. Sent off to form Tarentum Colony
Battle of Hyseia
669 BC
Sparta Defeated by Argos
Possible first battle with Greek Hoplite/Phalanx
Second Messinian War
Helots rebelled, Spartans now paranoid
Fully helotize Messinia
Cull Helots
Social Changes due to Messinian War
Spartans can’t do manual labor or trade (focus on war and politics)
Great Rhetra introduced
Great Rhetra
Great Utterance Endorsed by Apollo Gerousia (elder council) Apella (general assembly) Ephors (overseers) Added later
Agoge Classes
Paides 7-17; Pedarastic relationship
Paidiskoi 18-19; Army Cadet
Hebontes 20-29; Join army, elder in Pedarastic relationship; join Syssiton)
Syssiton
Army unit Spartans must be accepted too
Can’t afford the dues to support it you lose status (hypomeiones)
Hippeis
Cavalry; Provided by the rich; Made up of that can’t be Hoplites without training
