Greek definitons Flashcards
Eratosthenes
astronomer who estimated the true circumference of the earth
Aristochus
astronomer who believed that planets revolved around the sun and that the sun was larger than the earth
Archimedes
calculated pi
Pythagoras
figured out the pythagreom theorem
Stoicism
religion that believed you should live in harmony with the god’s wills and the laws of nature
Epicureanism
believed that god’s had no interest in the humans, and that you should pursue humanly pleasures
2 famous scuptures?
Nike and Colossus of Rhodes
Hellenistic Art?
more realistic
Classical Art?
wanted the perfect version of the creature that they were portraying
Who fought in the Trojan War?
The people in Mycenaean and the people in the city of Troy
What were two reasons that leaving near water was beneficial to Greek culture?
- caused cultural diffusion
- helped trading and traveling
Who were Dorians?
a civilization that came after the Mycenaeans that had no written records
Polis?
Greek city-state
What were the four types of government?
aristocracy, democracy, oligarchy, monarchy
Who were the three major Greek reformers?
Draco, Solon, Clesthenes
oligarchy?
a form of government that consists of a few (usually wealthy) people that held power
Aristocracy?
A group of privileged people that held the power
Who were the “citizens” in Athenian culture?
free native adult males
What was the social pyramid/organization of government in Sparta from top to bottom?
2 kings, 5 officials, Council of Elders, Assembly
Who fought against each other in the Persian War?
Persia and Greece
Who were the 2 leaders of Persia during the Persian Wars?
Darius and Xerxes(Darius’ son)
What was the battle during the Persian War that:
- Greeks won
- a man ran all the way back to Athens to inform about the triumph, but then died afterwards
Marathon
Which battle during the Persian War:
- set in a narrow passage
- Greek outnumbered by thousands
- All Spartans were killed
- Persia won
Thermopylea
Who was the leader of the Greeks during the Battle of Thermopylea?
Leonadis
What was the battle of Salamis?
A battle in which the Greeks met with the Persians for the last time. They met in a channel and the Greeks won
What were two consequences of the Persian War?
- The greek city states were unified under the Delian League
- it launched athens into a “golden age”
Who was Pericles?
The ruler of Athens during the Golden Age, after the Persian Wars
What were Pericles 3 goals for Athens?-
- beautify Athens
- hold and strengthen the empire
- strengthen Athenian democracy
What was the Pelopennesian War?
A war between Sparta and Athens
What caused Sparta to win the Pelopennesian War?
Pericles kept the Athenian people inside Athen’s city walls, but a plague which wiped out a third of the population; then the athenians sent warriors to battle and eventually surrendered to the Spartans
What did Plato believe?
3 social classes:
- Ruling Class
- Warriors
- Farmers/Artisans
What did Aristotle come up with?
the scientific method
Who was Macedonia’s first ruler?
King Phillip II
Who was the ruler that conquered an INSANE amount of land?
Alexander the Great
What did Alexander the Great do UNINTENTIONALLY?
start Hellenistic culture
What 4 cultures influenced Hellenistic culture?
Persia, Egypt, Greece, and India
What was Alexandria, Egypt
the center of hellenistic culture
