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World History > Chapter 10 - 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - 18 Flashcards

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0
Q

Who was Muhammad?

A

the founder of Islam, according to Islam: the final prophet of Allah

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1
Q

What are the five Pillars of Islam?

A

Fasting, Prayer, Almsgiving, Hajj, and the Testimony of Faith

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2
Q

Describe Sunni (one of the subsections of Islam)?

A

followers of Islam

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3
Q

Who rebelled against the Umayyads, Sunni or Shi’a?

A

Shi’a

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4
Q

Describe the Shi’a (one of the subsections of Islam) ?

A

“the party of Ali” , believed that the caliph should be a descendant of Muhammad

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5
Q

What is Mecca

A

The most important city for the Islam faith; the birthplace of Muhammad

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6
Q

What is a Muslim

A

someone who belongs to the faith of Islam

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7
Q

What does “Muslim” mean in Arabic?

A

“one who has submitted”

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8
Q

What is Islam

A

the nation of muslims; the religion founded by Muhammad

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9
Q

What does “Islam” mean in Arabic?

A

“submission to the will of Allah”

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10
Q

What are the similarities between Islam to Judaism and Christianity?

A

When Muslims conquered lands with Christians and Jews, they treated them with respect; Muslims believe that they all worship the same god : Allah

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11
Q

Who are the Abbasids?

A

leaders in control of the Islamic community

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12
Q

Who came first, the Umayyads or Abbasids?

A

Umayyads

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13
Q

Where did the Abbasids move the capital of Islam to?

A

Baghdad

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14
Q

Who were the Umayyads?

A

a group that controlled the Islamic community; ended the period of the “Rightly Guided” caliphs

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15
Q

Where did the Umayyads move the capital of Islam to?

A

Damascus

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16
Q

Who was Justinian?

A

the first and greatest ruler of the Byzantine Empire

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17
Q

What was the geography of Constantinople?

A

surrounded by water, on a peninsula, had a wall to protect themselves from the other side

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18
Q

What was the Hagia Sophia?

A

a huge elaborate church created under Justinian’s rule

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19
Q

What is the Eastern Orthodox Church?

A

one side of the church when the church split

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20
Q

What are the differences between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church?

A

The Eastern Orthodox Church has a patriarch instead of a pope and allows divorce and priests to marry

21
Q

What is the Justinian Code?

A

A code of law for all of the Byzantine Empire

22
Q

What are some main principles that the Justinian code talks about?

A

marriage, slavery, divorce, etc.

23
Q

Who was Ivan III?

A

A Russian leader who defeated the Mongols and built the Russian Empire

24
Q

What was Kiev?

A

The first Russian major city that combined the Slavic people and the Vikings

25
Q

What is Moscow?

A

A Russian city that challenged the mongols; famous for its huge protective log wall

26
Q

Who were the Mongols?

A

A ferocious group of people that ruled most of Southern Russian for about 200 years

27
Q

Who was Genghis Khan?

A

The leader of the Mongols

28
Q

What is the social structure of feudalism?

A

King
Lords, Nobles, Clergy
Knights
Peasants (and serfs)

29
Q

What is chivalry?

A

a set of ideals that stated that knights fight bravely in honor of three “masters”

30
Q

According to the code of chivalry, who should a brave knight fight for?

A

his chosen lady, his heavenly Lord, and his feudal lord

31
Q

Who was Charlemagne?

A

The leader of the Carolingian Dynasty; spread Christianity

32
Q

What was the Holy Roman Empire?

A

the political state of the Catholic Church

33
Q

What is lay investiture?

A

the nomination of a church official by a secular leader

34
Q

What are the Crusades?

A

a series of wars fought to gain control of the Holy Land

35
Q

What was the Reconquista?

A

an effort by the Spanish to try to drive the Muslims out of Spain

36
Q

What is the 3 Field System?

A

a system where farmers grow crops on 2/3 f their land and leave only 1/3 fallow

37
Q

What is a burgher?

A

a merchant-class town dweller

38
Q

what is a guild?

A

an organization of individuals in the same business or occupation working to improve the economic and social conditions of its members

39
Q

Who was William the Conqueror?

A

a leader of Normandy who invaded England

40
Q

What did William the Conqueror do after he invaded England?

A

He declared all of England his personal property

41
Q

How did William the Conqueror’s efforts in England benefit England?

A
  • unified control of the land

- set up foundation for centralized government

42
Q

What is the Magna Carta?

A

a document that guaranteed basic political rights and checked the king’s power

43
Q

Who was Phillip II

A

A king of England who established bailiffs to strengthen centralized government

44
Q

Who was Henry II?

A

An English king who established appeals courts, gained french land, and established trial by jury

45
Q

What is Parliament?

A

legislature in the English government

46
Q

What was the Great Schism?

A

A major split in the Catholic Church

47
Q

What caused the Great Schism?

A

2 popes were elected and started to fight

48
Q

What was the Bubonic Plague?

A

A plague that swept through Europe, Asia, and the Muslim World (wiped out 1/3 of people)

49
Q

What was the Hundred Year’s War?

A

A set of years that started because an English king died and his son claimed the French throne

50
Q

What were some of the outcomes of the Hundred Year’s War?

A
  • long bow invented
  • nationalism increased
  • ended Feudalism
  • ended Middle Ages
51
Q

Wo was Suleyman?

A

an ottoman leader who gained control of much of Europe created a law code, and limited taxes

World History (6 decks)

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