GREEK ARCHITECTURE Flashcards
1
Q
Greek region ed by legendary King Minos of Knossos,
A
Minoans
2
Q
Greek region created advanced civilizations that developed into the civilization of Classical Greece
A
Mycenaeans
3
Q
The island where the first great sea-power of the Mediterranean arose.
A
Island of Crete
4
Q
were the first Greek Civilization to
write and speak the Greek language
A
Mycenaeans
5
Q
The greatest importance to Greek architecture which facilitates exactness of line and refinement of detail.
A
marble
6
Q
The most famous variety of marble of Greece that was used by the great sculptors of ancient Greece.
A
Pentelic
marble
7
Q
Pentelic marble of Greece can be found in the quarries of ___?
A
Mount Pentelikon in Attica
8
Q
2 great sculptors of ancient Greece who used Pentelic marble
A
Phidias and Praxiteles
9
Q
practiced nature worship and their religious ceremonies included sacred games and
ritual dances.
A
AEGEAN
10
Q
The supreme
deity of Aegeans and also the fertility goddess
A
Rhea
11
Q
The gods were personifications of particular elements.
Each deity has its own attribute
A
GREEK
12
Q
Goddess of love, romance, and beauty
A
Aphrodite
13
Q
God of Love (though he is not an Olympian) and son of Aphrodite
A
Eros
14
Q
Beautiful god of the sun, light, medicine, and music.
A
Apollo
15
Q
Dark god of war who loves Aphrodite.
A
Ares
16
Q
Independent goddess of the hunt, the forest, wildlife, childbirth, and the moon; sister to Apollo.
A
Artemis
17
Q
Daughter of Zeus and goddess of wisdom, war, and crafts
A
Athena
18
Q
Goddess of agriculture and mother of Persephone
A
Demeter
19
Q
Lame god of fire and the forge
A
Hephaestus
20
Q
is the most beautifully preserved ancient
temple in Greece
A
The Hephaestion near the Acropolis
21
Q
Wife of Zeus, protector of marriage, familiar with magic.
A
Hera
22
Q
The speedy messenger of the gods, god of business
A
Hermes
23
Q
The Romans refer to him as Mercury
A
Hermes
24
Q
Calm goddess of home and home life, symbolized by the hearth which holds the continually-burning flame
A
Hestia
25
God of the sea, horses, and of earthquakes.
Poseidon
26
Supreme lord of gods, god of the sky, symbolized by the thunderbolt
Zeus
27
although he was an important god and the brother of Zeus and Poseidon, was not generally considered to be one of the twelve Olympians since he dwelled in the underworld.
Hades
28
The history of Greece is divided into 3 distinctive periods:
a. Mycenaean or Helladic Greece
b. Hellenic Greece
c. Hellenistic Greece
29
Period of Greece where defense architecture such as fortifications of Mycenae and Tiryns were necessary for protection.
Mycenaean or Helladic Greece
30
Period of Greece where Citadel palaces were also built.
Mycenaean or Helladic Greece
31
Period of Greece where great figures in philosophy and science such as Pythagoras and Socrates were known
Hellenic Greece
32
Period of Greece where greek theatre has a religious attribute and originates from the
festival of the worship of Dionysus.
Hellenic Greece
33
Period of Greece where the “city state” (‘polis’) emerged as the basis of Greek society
Hellenic Greece
34
Period of Greece where the death of Alexander, 32, led to the division of the empire among his generals.
Hellenistic Greece
35
Period of Greece where Greece became a Roman province.
Hellenistic Greece
36
Period of Greece where Philip of Macedonia unified Greece and his son, Alexander the Great embarked on a national crusade against Persia
Hellenistic Greece
37
city state
polis
38
a great hall in a Mycenean palace complex.
MEGARON
39
3 Parts of an Aegean megaron
1. Anteroom
2. Vestibule
3. Main room with central hearth and throne
40
Columns were of cypress wood and cylindrical. They are smaller at the bottom and wider at the top, a result of inverting the cypress trunk to prevent sprouting once in place.
Minoan Column
41
2 parts of a Minoan Column
a. square abacus (above)
b. circular echinus (below)
42
4 Methods of Walling (refer to Fletcher)
1. Cyclopean
2. Polygonal
3. Rectangular
4. Inclined blocks
43
Rooms were functionally organized around a large central
court. The palaces also had extensive basement storage areas, artists’ workshops, dining halls, and sumptuous living quarters (including bathrooms) for the noble ruling families. The structures were light and flexible, rather than monumental.
The PALACE OF KING MINOS, KNOSSOS
44
is a hilltop citadel surrounded by defensive walls. The masonry is of the cyclopean type and short stretches of ashlar.
PALACE, TIRYNS
45
Is the most famous feature of the Palace, Tiryns. Above the huge lintel, corbelled stones form an arch, creating a triangle that is filled by the two lions carved in relief on either side of a sacred Minoan column. The heads of the lions, now lost, were made of separate pieces of metal or stone.
LION GATE, MYCENAE
46
Type of Aegean tomb that is described as a cut within the slope of a hillside and approached by a passageway which is open to the sky called the dromos.
Rock-cut or chamber tomb
47
Type of Aegean tomb that is described as more elaborate; a subterranean stone-vaulted construction shaped like a beehive.
Tholos type
48
Greek architecture has been called ____ as timber forms were imitated in stone with remarkable exactness
“carpentry in marble’’
49
In this period of Greece, temples were the principal buildings
HELLENIC PERIOD
50
In this period of Greece, colonnades surround the temple.
HELLENIC PERIOD
51
In this period of Greece, greek architecture was essentially columnar and trabeated.
HELLENIC PERIOD
52
In the Hellenic period of Greece, the method of constructing the column was the _____,
mortise and tenon
53
In this period of Greece, several refinements were practiced by the Greeks in order to correct optical illusions. Some of these, like the Parthenon, exemplify a most advanced sensitivity to form.
HELLENIC PERIOD
54
In Hellenic period of Greece, columns were usually constructed in ____ and the
fluting was carried out after the shafts were in position.
" drums "
55
mortise and tenon is also known as
the tongue and groove
56
In this period of Greece, public buildings multiplied in number and became
permanent structures.
HELLENISTIC PERIOD
57
sacred enclosure of acropolis
‘temenos’
58
In this period of Greece, civic design developed and building groups were laid
out on symmetrical lines linked colonnaded porticoes or ‘stoas’
HELLENISTIC PERIOD
59
a freestanding colonnade or covered walkway; also, a long open building, its roof supported by one or more rows of columns parallel to the rear wall.
stoas
60
is the best known acropolis in the world
The Acropolis, Athen
61
10 sacred buildings in The Acropolis
* Propylaea
* Pinacotheca –
* Temple of Athena, Nike
* The Parthenon
* Erechtheion
* Odeion of Herodes Atticus
* Odeion of Pericles
* Theater of Dionysus
* Old Temple of Athena
* Stoa of Eumenes
62
forms the imposing entrance to the Acropolis, Athens.
Propylaea
63
contains painted pictures in the Acropolis Athens
Pinacotheca
64
a building in the Acropolis Athens dedicated to the Wingless Victory
Temple of Athena, Nike
65
was the center of all religious activities
during the Olympics.
The Altis, Olympia
66
was the major site for the worship
of the god Apollo.
Delphi in Mt. Parnassus
67
Event held in Delphi that includes music, poetry and sports.
Pythian Games
68
holds the position as a holy sanctuary and cult center in ancient Greece and a prosperous trading port.
Delos
69
signify a celebration of life on earth rather than afterlife shrines for gods.
temple architecture
70
on the ends of the temple roof is the _________ (triangular–shaped pediment) filled with sculptures.
tympana
71
Part of the Greek Temple described as front portico
Pronaos
72
Part of the Greek Temple described as rear portico
Epinaos/Opisthodomos
73
Part of the Greek Temple that contains the statue of a god or goddess
Naos
74
the most sacred part of a temple.
adyton
75
What is the style of temple with 2 columns on the entrance front?
Distyle
76
What is the style of temple with 3 columns on the entrance front?
Tristyle
77
What is the style of temple with 4 columns on the entrance front?
Tetrastyle
78
What is the style of temple with 5 columns on the entrance front?
Pentastyle
79
What is the style of temple with 6 columns on the entrance front?
Hexastyle
80
What is the style of temple with 7 columns on the entrance front?
Heptastyle
81
What is the style of temple with 8 columns on the entrance front?
Octastyle
82
What is the style of temple with 9 columns on the entrance front?
Enneastyle
83
What is the style of temple with 10 columns on the entrance front?
Decastyle
84
What is the style of temple with 12 columns on the entrance front?
Dodecastyle
85
What is the type of temple, according to the arrangement of exterior columns in relation to the naos, that has 2-4 columns at the front.
In-antis / anta
86
What is the type of temple, according to the arrangement of exterior columns in relation to the naos, that has a portico of columns at the front.
Prostyle
87
What is the type of temple, according to the arrangement of exterior columns in relation to the naos, that has 2-4 columns at the front and rear.
Amphi-antis , double anta
88
What is the type of temple, according to the arrangement of exterior columns in relation to the naos, that – has a portico of columns at the front and rear.
Amphi-prostyle
89
What is the type of temple, according to the arrangement of exterior columns in relation to the naos, that has a single line of columns at the front and rear.
Peripteral
90
What is the type of temple, according to the arrangement of exterior columns in relation to the naos, that has a flank of columns attached to the naos wall.
Psuedo-peripteral
91
What is the type of temple, according to the arrangement of exterior columns in relation to the naos, that has a double line of columns surrounding the naos.
Dipteral
92
What is the type of temple, according to the arrangement of exterior columns in relation to the naos, that is like dipteral but the inner range of
columns is omitted
Pseudo-dipteral
93
is the clear space between two
adjacent columns.
INTERCOLUMNIATION
94
The Ionic and Corinthian intercolumniation of 1 ½ column diameters
Pycnostyle
95
The Ionic and Corinthian intercolumniation of 2 column diameters
Systyle
96
The Ionic and Corinthian intercolumniation of 2 ¼ column diameters
Eustyle
97
The Ionic and Corinthian intercolumniation of 3 column diameters
Diastyle
98
The Ionic and Corinthian intercolumniation of 4 or more column diameters
Araeostyle
99
is not measured by diameters but
based on the number of triglyphs between columns.
Doric intercolumniation
100
A Doric intercolumniation with an interval of 1 triglyph
Monotriglyph
101
A Doric intercolumniation with an interval of 2 triglyphs
Ditriglyph
102
A Doric intercolumniation with an interval of more than 2 triglyphs
Polytriglyph
103
consists of an upright column, the base and the capital and the horizontal entablature.
ORDER
104
was the favorite order of the
Greeks
DORIC
105
was the least used order of the
Greeks
CORINTHIAN
106
promotes a play of light on a column which helps the column appear more perfectly round than a smooth column
Fluting
107
Greek order that is masculine in quality, has no base, and with a height is 4-6 1/2x Ø the of base
THE DORIC ORDER
108
Number of flutes of a Doric order
20 flutes
109
3 stepped bands in the architrave is called _____
fasciae
110
Greek order that is a four-fronted capital. It originated from nautilus shell and ram’s horn. Its frieze has continuous figures. It has an attic base and the height is 9xØ of base
THE IONIC ORDER
111
Number of flutes in the Ionic Order
24 flutes
112
The flutes in the Ionic order is separated by ______ and not by arrises
fillets
113
The person who got the idea of the Corinthian Order from observing a basket covered with a tile over the grave of a Corinthian maiden
Callimachus
114
Greek Order that is the most ornate of the classical orders, has slender fluted columns, has plain frieze, has a base similar to the ionic and the height is 9x–10xØ of base
THE CORINTHIAN ORDER
115
The Parthenon, Athens is dedicated to ______
Athena Parthenos
116
a supreme example of Classical Greece that upheld as a symbol of democracy
The Parthenon, Athens
117
The Parthenon, Athens is designed by ____ and ____
Ictinus and Callicrates
118
The master sculptor of the Parthenon, Athens is ____
Phidias
119
the naos that measures 100' long
hecatompedon
120
the most important building in the Altis located at the very
center, It is a peripteral hexastyle with thirteen columns at the sides and it contains the gold and ivory statue of Zeus by Phidias
Temple of Zeus, Olympia
121
designer of the Temple of Zeus, Olympia
Libon
122
temple made of golden-colored travertine stone
Second Temple of Hera, Paestum, Italy
123
The Parthenon in Athens, Temple of Zeus in Olympia, and Second Temple of Hera in Paestum, Italy are all examples of temples of what greek order?
DORIC
124
Temple of Athena Nike in Apteros, Temple of Apollo in Didyma, Erechtheion in Athens, Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, and the Tholos Philippeion in Olympia are all examples of temples of what greek order?
IONIC
125
smallest structure in the Acropolis dedicated to Athena Nike(Wingless Victory) that symbolizes Athen’s military & political strength
Temple of Athena Nike, Apteros
126
designer of Temple of Athena Nike, Apteros
Callicrates
127
The temple with a roof that was hypaethral, has dipteral octastyle plan and no opisthodomos
Temple of Apollo, Didyma
128
designers of Temple of Apollo, Didyma
Paeonius and Daphnis
129
A temple made of Pentelic and blue Eleusinian marble and has a ‘caryatid porch’ of 6 draped female figures
Erechtheion, Athens
130
designer of Erechtheion, Athens
Mnesicles
131
It is a sculpted female figure serving as a column or a pillar supporting an entablature on her head.
Caryatid
132
Caryatid means _____
maiden of Karyai
133
is a caryatid with a basket on her head; used either as a support or as a freestanding garden ornament.
Canephora
134
is a decorative column in the figure or half figure of a man.
Atlantes
135
one of the most impressive of Greek temples that is a dipteral octastyle at the front & enneastyle at the rear
Temple of Artemis, Ephesus
136
designer of Temple of Artemis, Ephesus
Demetrius, Paeonius & Deinocrates
137
a temple that was begun by Philip of Macedonia and completed by Alexander.
Tholos Philippeion, Olympia
138
is a circular temple (this word is also used for a Mycenaean circular subterranean tomb).
tholos
139
Who built Tholos, Epidaurus?
Polykleitos
