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HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE > GREEK ARCHITECTURE > Flashcards

GREEK ARCHITECTURE Flashcards

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1
Q

Greek region ed by legendary King Minos of Knossos,

A

Minoans

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2
Q

Greek region created advanced civilizations that developed into the civilization of Classical Greece

A

Mycenaeans

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3
Q

The island where the first great sea-power of the Mediterranean arose.

A

Island of Crete

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4
Q

were the first Greek Civilization to
write and speak the Greek language

A

Mycenaeans

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5
Q

The greatest importance to Greek architecture which facilitates exactness of line and refinement of detail.

A

marble

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6
Q

The most famous variety of marble of Greece that was used by the great sculptors of ancient Greece.

A

Pentelic
marble

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7
Q

Pentelic marble of Greece can be found in the quarries of ___?

A

Mount Pentelikon in Attica

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8
Q

2 great sculptors of ancient Greece who used Pentelic marble

A

Phidias and Praxiteles

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9
Q

practiced nature worship and their religious ceremonies included sacred games and
ritual dances.

A

AEGEAN

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10
Q

The supreme
deity of Aegeans and also the fertility goddess

A

Rhea

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11
Q

The gods were personifications of particular elements.
Each deity has its own attribute

A

GREEK

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12
Q

Goddess of love, romance, and beauty

A

Aphrodite

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13
Q

God of Love (though he is not an Olympian) and son of Aphrodite

A

Eros

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14
Q

Beautiful god of the sun, light, medicine, and music.

A

Apollo

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15
Q

Dark god of war who loves Aphrodite.

A

Ares

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16
Q

Independent goddess of the hunt, the forest, wildlife, childbirth, and the moon; sister to Apollo.

A

Artemis

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17
Q

Daughter of Zeus and goddess of wisdom, war, and crafts

A

Athena

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18
Q

Goddess of agriculture and mother of Persephone

A

Demeter

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19
Q

Lame god of fire and the forge

A

Hephaestus

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20
Q

is the most beautifully preserved ancient
temple in Greece

A

The Hephaestion near the Acropolis

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21
Q

Wife of Zeus, protector of marriage, familiar with magic.

A

Hera

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22
Q

The speedy messenger of the gods, god of business

A

Hermes

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23
Q

The Romans refer to him as Mercury

A

Hermes

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24
Q

Calm goddess of home and home life, symbolized by the hearth which holds the continually-burning flame

A

Hestia

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25
Q

God of the sea, horses, and of earthquakes.

A

Poseidon

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26
Q

Supreme lord of gods, god of the sky, symbolized by the thunderbolt

A

Zeus

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27
Q

although he was an important god and the brother of Zeus and Poseidon, was not generally considered to be one of the twelve Olympians since he dwelled in the underworld.

A

Hades

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28
Q

The history of Greece is divided into 3 distinctive periods:

A

a. Mycenaean or Helladic Greece
b. Hellenic Greece
c. Hellenistic Greece

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29
Q

Period of Greece where defense architecture such as fortifications of Mycenae and Tiryns were necessary for protection.

A

Mycenaean or Helladic Greece

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30
Q

Period of Greece where Citadel palaces were also built.

A

Mycenaean or Helladic Greece

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31
Q

Period of Greece where great figures in philosophy and science such as Pythagoras and Socrates were known

A

Hellenic Greece

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32
Q

Period of Greece where greek theatre has a religious attribute and originates from the
festival of the worship of Dionysus.

A

Hellenic Greece

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33
Q

Period of Greece where the “city state” (‘polis’) emerged as the basis of Greek society

A

Hellenic Greece

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34
Q

Period of Greece where the death of Alexander, 32, led to the division of the empire among his generals.

A

Hellenistic Greece

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35
Q

Period of Greece where Greece became a Roman province.

A

Hellenistic Greece

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36
Q

Period of Greece where Philip of Macedonia unified Greece and his son, Alexander the Great embarked on a national crusade against Persia

A

Hellenistic Greece

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37
Q

city state

A

polis

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38
Q

a great hall in a Mycenean palace complex.

A

MEGARON

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39
Q

3 Parts of an Aegean megaron

A
  1. Anteroom
  2. Vestibule
  3. Main room with central hearth and throne
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40
Q

Columns were of cypress wood and cylindrical. They are smaller at the bottom and wider at the top, a result of inverting the cypress trunk to prevent sprouting once in place.

A

Minoan Column

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41
Q

2 parts of a Minoan Column

A

a. square abacus (above)
b. circular echinus (below)

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42
Q

4 Methods of Walling (refer to Fletcher)

A
  1. Cyclopean
  2. Polygonal
  3. Rectangular
  4. Inclined blocks
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43
Q

Rooms were functionally organized around a large central
court. The palaces also had extensive basement storage areas, artists’ workshops, dining halls, and sumptuous living quarters (including bathrooms) for the noble ruling families. The structures were light and flexible, rather than monumental.

A

The PALACE OF KING MINOS, KNOSSOS

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44
Q

is a hilltop citadel surrounded by defensive walls. The masonry is of the cyclopean type and short stretches of ashlar.

A

PALACE, TIRYNS

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45
Q

Is the most famous feature of the Palace, Tiryns. Above the huge lintel, corbelled stones form an arch, creating a triangle that is filled by the two lions carved in relief on either side of a sacred Minoan column. The heads of the lions, now lost, were made of separate pieces of metal or stone.

A

LION GATE, MYCENAE

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46
Q

Type of Aegean tomb that is described as a cut within the slope of a hillside and approached by a passageway which is open to the sky called the dromos.

A

Rock-cut or chamber tomb

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47
Q

Type of Aegean tomb that is described as more elaborate; a subterranean stone-vaulted construction shaped like a beehive.

A

Tholos type

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48
Q

Greek architecture has been called ____ as timber forms were imitated in stone with remarkable exactness

A

“carpentry in marble’’

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49
Q

In this period of Greece, temples were the principal buildings

A

HELLENIC PERIOD

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50
Q

In this period of Greece, colonnades surround the temple.

A

HELLENIC PERIOD

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51
Q

In this period of Greece, greek architecture was essentially columnar and trabeated.

A

HELLENIC PERIOD

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52
Q

In the Hellenic period of Greece, the method of constructing the column was the _____,

A

mortise and tenon

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53
Q

In this period of Greece, several refinements were practiced by the Greeks in order to correct optical illusions. Some of these, like the Parthenon, exemplify a most advanced sensitivity to form.

A

HELLENIC PERIOD

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54
Q

In Hellenic period of Greece, columns were usually constructed in ____ and the
fluting was carried out after the shafts were in position.

A

” drums “

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55
Q

mortise and tenon is also known as

A

the tongue and groove

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56
Q

In this period of Greece, public buildings multiplied in number and became
permanent structures.

A

HELLENISTIC PERIOD

57
Q

sacred enclosure of acropolis

A

‘temenos’

58
Q

In this period of Greece, civic design developed and building groups were laid
out on symmetrical lines linked colonnaded porticoes or ‘stoas’

A

HELLENISTIC PERIOD

59
Q

a freestanding colonnade or covered walkway; also, a long open building, its roof supported by one or more rows of columns parallel to the rear wall.

A

stoas

60
Q

is the best known acropolis in the world

A

The Acropolis, Athen

61
Q

10 sacred buildings in The Acropolis

A
  • Propylaea
  • Pinacotheca –
  • Temple of Athena, Nike
  • The Parthenon
  • Erechtheion
  • Odeion of Herodes Atticus
  • Odeion of Pericles
  • Theater of Dionysus
  • Old Temple of Athena
  • Stoa of Eumenes
62
Q

forms the imposing entrance to the Acropolis, Athens.

A

Propylaea

63
Q

contains painted pictures in the Acropolis Athens

A

Pinacotheca

64
Q

a building in the Acropolis Athens dedicated to the Wingless Victory

A

Temple of Athena, Nike

65
Q

was the center of all religious activities
during the Olympics.

A

The Altis, Olympia

66
Q

was the major site for the worship
of the god Apollo.

A

Delphi in Mt. Parnassus

67
Q

Event held in Delphi that includes music, poetry and sports.

A

Pythian Games

68
Q

holds the position as a holy sanctuary and cult center in ancient Greece and a prosperous trading port.

A

Delos

69
Q

signify a celebration of life on earth rather than afterlife shrines for gods.

A

temple architecture

70
Q

on the ends of the temple roof is the _________ (triangular–shaped pediment) filled with sculptures.

A

tympana

71
Q

Part of the Greek Temple described as front portico

A

Pronaos

72
Q

Part of the Greek Temple described as rear portico

A

Epinaos/Opisthodomos

73
Q

Part of the Greek Temple that contains the statue of a god or goddess

A

Naos

74
Q

the most sacred part of a temple.

A

adyton

75
Q

What is the style of temple with 2 columns on the entrance front?

A

Distyle

76
Q

What is the style of temple with 3 columns on the entrance front?

A

Tristyle

77
Q

What is the style of temple with 4 columns on the entrance front?

A

Tetrastyle

78
Q

What is the style of temple with 5 columns on the entrance front?

A

Pentastyle

79
Q

What is the style of temple with 6 columns on the entrance front?

A

Hexastyle

80
Q

What is the style of temple with 7 columns on the entrance front?

A

Heptastyle

81
Q

What is the style of temple with 8 columns on the entrance front?

A

Octastyle

82
Q

What is the style of temple with 9 columns on the entrance front?

A

Enneastyle

83
Q

What is the style of temple with 10 columns on the entrance front?

A

Decastyle

84
Q

What is the style of temple with 12 columns on the entrance front?

A

Dodecastyle

85
Q

What is the type of temple, according to the arrangement of exterior columns in relation to the naos, that has 2-4 columns at the front.

A

In-antis / anta

86
Q

What is the type of temple, according to the arrangement of exterior columns in relation to the naos, that has a portico of columns at the front.

A

Prostyle

87
Q

What is the type of temple, according to the arrangement of exterior columns in relation to the naos, that has 2-4 columns at the front and rear.

A

Amphi-antis , double anta

88
Q

What is the type of temple, according to the arrangement of exterior columns in relation to the naos, that – has a portico of columns at the front and rear.

A

Amphi-prostyle

89
Q

What is the type of temple, according to the arrangement of exterior columns in relation to the naos, that has a single line of columns at the front and rear.

A

Peripteral

90
Q

What is the type of temple, according to the arrangement of exterior columns in relation to the naos, that has a flank of columns attached to the naos wall.

A

Psuedo-peripteral

91
Q

What is the type of temple, according to the arrangement of exterior columns in relation to the naos, that has a double line of columns surrounding the naos.

A

Dipteral

92
Q

What is the type of temple, according to the arrangement of exterior columns in relation to the naos, that is like dipteral but the inner range of
columns is omitted

A

Pseudo-dipteral

93
Q

is the clear space between two
adjacent columns.

A

INTERCOLUMNIATION

94
Q

The Ionic and Corinthian intercolumniation of 1 ½ column diameters

A

Pycnostyle

95
Q

The Ionic and Corinthian intercolumniation of 2 column diameters

A

Systyle

96
Q

The Ionic and Corinthian intercolumniation of 2 ¼ column diameters

A

Eustyle

97
Q

The Ionic and Corinthian intercolumniation of 3 column diameters

A

Diastyle

98
Q

The Ionic and Corinthian intercolumniation of 4 or more column diameters

A

Araeostyle

99
Q

is not measured by diameters but
based on the number of triglyphs between columns.

A

Doric intercolumniation

100
Q

A Doric intercolumniation with an interval of 1 triglyph

A

Monotriglyph

101
Q

A Doric intercolumniation with an interval of 2 triglyphs

A

Ditriglyph

102
Q

A Doric intercolumniation with an interval of more than 2 triglyphs

A

Polytriglyph

103
Q

consists of an upright column, the base and the capital and the horizontal entablature.

A

ORDER

104
Q

was the favorite order of the
Greeks

A

DORIC

105
Q

was the least used order of the
Greeks

A

CORINTHIAN

106
Q

promotes a play of light on a column which helps the column appear more perfectly round than a smooth column

A

Fluting

107
Q

Greek order that is masculine in quality, has no base, and with a height is 4-6 1/2x Ø the of base

A

THE DORIC ORDER

108
Q

Number of flutes of a Doric order

A

20 flutes

109
Q

3 stepped bands in the architrave is called _____

A

fasciae

110
Q

Greek order that is a four-fronted capital. It originated from nautilus shell and ram’s horn. Its frieze has continuous figures. It has an attic base and the height is 9xØ of base

A

THE IONIC ORDER

111
Q

Number of flutes in the Ionic Order

A

24 flutes

112
Q

The flutes in the Ionic order is separated by ______ and not by arrises

A

fillets

113
Q

The person who got the idea of the Corinthian Order from observing a basket covered with a tile over the grave of a Corinthian maiden

A

Callimachus

114
Q

Greek Order that is the most ornate of the classical orders, has slender fluted columns, has plain frieze, has a base similar to the ionic and the height is 9x–10xØ of base

A

THE CORINTHIAN ORDER

115
Q

The Parthenon, Athens is dedicated to ______

A

Athena Parthenos

116
Q

a supreme example of Classical Greece that upheld as a symbol of democracy

A

The Parthenon, Athens

117
Q

The Parthenon, Athens is designed by ____ and ____

A

Ictinus and Callicrates

118
Q

The master sculptor of the Parthenon, Athens is ____

A

Phidias

119
Q

the naos that measures 100’ long

A

hecatompedon

120
Q

the most important building in the Altis located at the very
center, It is a peripteral hexastyle with thirteen columns at the sides and it contains the gold and ivory statue of Zeus by Phidias

A

Temple of Zeus, Olympia

121
Q

designer of the Temple of Zeus, Olympia

A

Libon

122
Q

temple made of golden-colored travertine stone

A

Second Temple of Hera, Paestum, Italy

123
Q

The Parthenon in Athens, Temple of Zeus in Olympia, and Second Temple of Hera in Paestum, Italy are all examples of temples of what greek order?

A

DORIC

124
Q

Temple of Athena Nike in Apteros, Temple of Apollo in Didyma, Erechtheion in Athens, Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, and the Tholos Philippeion in Olympia are all examples of temples of what greek order?

A

IONIC

125
Q

smallest structure in the Acropolis dedicated to Athena Nike(Wingless Victory) that symbolizes Athen’s military & political strength

A

Temple of Athena Nike, Apteros

126
Q

designer of Temple of Athena Nike, Apteros

A

Callicrates

127
Q

The temple with a roof that was hypaethral, has dipteral octastyle plan and no opisthodomos

A

Temple of Apollo, Didyma

128
Q

designers of Temple of Apollo, Didyma

A

Paeonius and Daphnis

129
Q

A temple made of Pentelic and blue Eleusinian marble and has a ‘caryatid porch’ of 6 draped female figures

A

Erechtheion, Athens

130
Q

designer of Erechtheion, Athens

A

Mnesicles

131
Q

It is a sculpted female figure serving as a column or a pillar supporting an entablature on her head.

A

Caryatid

132
Q

Caryatid means _____

A

maiden of Karyai

133
Q

is a caryatid with a basket on her head; used either as a support or as a freestanding garden ornament.

A

Canephora

134
Q

is a decorative column in the figure or half figure of a man.

A

Atlantes

135
Q

one of the most impressive of Greek temples that is a dipteral octastyle at the front & enneastyle at the rear

A

Temple of Artemis, Ephesus

136
Q

designer of Temple of Artemis, Ephesus

A

Demetrius, Paeonius & Deinocrates

137
Q

a temple that was begun by Philip of Macedonia and completed by Alexander.

A

Tholos Philippeion, Olympia

138
Q

is a circular temple (this word is also used for a Mycenaean circular subterranean tomb).

A

tholos

139
Q

Who built Tholos, Epidaurus?

A

Polykleitos

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE (5 decks)

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