ANCIENT NEAR EAST

Question 1

The fertile plains between the twin rivers, ____ and ____ were given the name Mesopotamia

Answer 1

Tigris and Euprates

Question 2

Greek word origin of Mesopotamia meaning middle

Answer 2

mesos

Question 3

Greek word origin of Mesopotamia meaning river

Answer 3

potamos

Question 4

Mesopotamia is part of what is known as the _______ because of the irrigated farmlands

Answer 4

Fertile Crescent

Question 5

Mesopotamia is also known as the ____ because it was where writing and government began

Answer 5

cradle of civilization

Question 6

5 Ancient Near East Cultures

Answer 6

• Sumerian
• Akkadian
• Babylonian
• Assyrian
• Persian

Question 7

The true arch first appeared in

Answer 7

Assyria

Question 8

were made from clay mixed with chopped straw to
improve cohesion and bonding.

Answer 8

Bricks

Question 9

Type of bricks used for ordinary finish

Answer 9

Sun-Dried

Question 10

Type of bricks used for facing important buildings

Answer 10

Kiln-Dried

Question 11

Type of bricks used for decorative purpose

Answer 11

Colored glazed

Question 12

Sumerian figures that stood in attentive prayer before the god with the wide, staring eyes

Answer 12

votive figures

Question 13

A type of script developed by Sumerians in clay tablets that is also one of the earliest known forms of written expression.

Answer 13

cuneiform

Question 14

are terraced pyramids with temples at the summit, believed to connect heaven and earth.

Answer 14

Ziggurats

Question 15

Part of a Ziggurat that served as a meeting place for the priests and gods making this belief that temples were often referred to as waiting rooms. It is also called the central hall.

Answer 15

cella

Question 16

Two types of Ziggurats

Answer 16

One-stage and Multi-stage

Question 17

The earliest development of the ziggurat which is a one-step ziggurat dedicated to God Anu.

Answer 17

White Temple, Uruk

Question 18

The name Iraq was derived from

Answer 18

Uruk

Question 19

an example of a city temple as it contains walls that enclosed the temple from the city

Answer 19

Temple Oval, Khafaje

Question 20

Palace built by King Sargon II where all buildings arranged around a courtyard and are decorated with relief sculptures and glazed bricks

Answer 20

Palace of Sargon, Khorsabad

Question 21

an Assyrian protective deity, often depicted as having a human’s head, a body of an ox or a lion, and bird’s wings

Answer 21

Lamassu

Question 22

the first king of Babylon

Answer 22

King Hammurabi

Question 23

King Hammurabi recorded a system of laws called ____.

Answer 23

the Code of Hammurabi

Question 24

How many laws did King Hammurabi ordered that was engraved in stone and placed in a public location for everyone to see

Answer 24

282 laws

Question 25

was the greatest king of ancient Babylon.

Answer 25

King Nebuchadnezzar II

Question 26

It was during this king's reign that Babylon became the largest city in the world.

Answer 26

King Nebuchadnezzar II

Question 27

was largely the creation of Nebuchadnezzar II. It owes its fame to the many references in the Bible and was the most famous and the largest city in ancient Mesopotamia

Answer 27

The City of Babylon (Gate of God)

Question 28

4 Significant Structures in the City of Babylon

Answer 28

1. Nebuchadnezzar’s Great Palace 2. The Ishtar Gate 3. Temple of Marduk 4. Tower of Babel

Question 29

was praised for its legendary Hanging Gardens (600 BC) recorded as one of the seven wonders of the ancient world

Answer 29

Nebuchadnezzar’s Great Palace

Question 30

Nebuchadnezzar had constructed the gardens to please his homesick wife, ________, who longed for the trees and fragrant plants of her homeland

Answer 30

Amytis of Media

Question 31

was dedicated to the Babylonian goddess Ishtar. Through the gatehouse is the Processional Way, over half a mile long, leading to the Temple of 8th gate of Babylon. It has blue glazed tiles with alternating rows of bas-relief of dragons and lions.

Answer 31

The Ishtar Gate by Nebuchadnezzar II

Question 32

God of Babylon

Answer 32

Marduk

Question 33

was the center of the state cult. Heavily bastioned, built in clay, with its huge square towers and its crenellated terraces, the main body constituted the actual temple with an outbuilding attached to the temple

Answer 33

Temple of Marduk

Question 34

a ziggurat with a shrine of Marduk on the top

Answer 34

the Etemenanki

Question 35

Marduk’s chief temples at Babylon were the _____ and _____

Answer 35

the Esagila and the Etemenanki

Question 36

the builders intended the tower to reach heaven

Answer 36

Tower of Babel

Question 37

Father of the Iranian Nation that established the Persian Empire as the most powerful state in the world

Answer 37

Cyrus the Great

Question 38

He ruled the Persian Empire from 522-486 B.C. He developed infrastructure projects, the largest being the building of the new capital of Persepolis.

Answer 38

Darius I (son of Cyrus the Great)

Question 39

was known for his massive invasion of Greece and his defeat marked the decline of the empire.

Answer 39

Xerxes I

Question 40

City of the Persians

Answer 40

Persepolis

Question 41

was begun by Darius I. It was built as a showcase for the empire, designed to awe visitors with its scale and beauty. It is Persian in ideology and design but international in its superb architecture and artistic execution. It was the richest ancient city

Answer 41

The Palace of Persepolis

Question 42

Xerxes' name was written in three languages and carved on the entrances, informing everyone that he ordered it to be built.

Answer 42

Gate of All Nations by Xerxes I

Question 43

Grand Audience Hall by Darius I

Answer 43

The Apadana

Question 44

the smallest of the palace buildings in Persepolis. It was constructed of the finest quality stone.

Answer 44

Tachara Palace of Darius & Xerxes, Persepolis

Question 45

Reception Chamber & Guard Room of the Persepolis

Answer 45

Tripylon

Question 46

served as the armory and storehouse of the Persepolis

Answer 46

The Treasury by Darius

Question 47

was begun by Xerxes I and completed by Artaxerxes I. It was constructed for the king to receive the nobles and dignitaries. Columns at the throne hall have the double unicorn and the double bull capitals

Answer 47

The Throne Hall or Hall of the Hundred Columns

Question 48

built during the Achamanaid Empire and was part of the Imperial Palace of Sasanian kings has the largest single-span vault of unreinforced brickwork in the world

Answer 48

Arch of Ctesiphon (Taq Kasra), Iraq

Question 49

Remnant of the Persian Empire

Answer 49

Achamanaid Empire