EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE Flashcards
1
Q
3 Gods in THEBAN TRIAD
A
Amun, Mut, and Khons
2
Q
the King of the Gods
A
Amun
3
Q
are believed to be an incarnation of a god
A
Kings
4
Q
The specific trinity of major gods who rule a certain area
A
triad
5
Q
The religious practices of Egyptians are ___ in theory and ___ in practice.
A
Monotheistic; Polytheistic
6
Q
was the principal building material for
domestic buildings.
A
Mud brick
7
Q
consort to Amun & queen of the gods
A
Mut
8
Q
5 contributions of Nile River
A
- Irrigation turned desert lands into fruitful fields.
- Its gentle current was favorable for navigation.
- Trade and commerce prospered along its banks.
- Early Egyptian civilization had its birth along the Nile.
- Important religious structures like tomb pyramids and temples for the gods were built in strategic places along the banks of the Nile
9
Q
4 Effects of Egypt’s Climate on Buildings
A
- Simple design
- Few windows due to sandstorms
- Flat roof, no drainage, no gutters due to absence rain
- Massive walls due to heat
10
Q
The life of Egypt
A
Nile River
11
Q
the son of Amun and Mut; the god of the moon and time
A
Khons / Khonsu
12
Q
3 Gods in the ABYDOS TRIAD
A
Osiris, Isis, and Horus
13
Q
The god of the underworld. The first pharaoh.
A
Osiris
14
Q
The Goddess of Magic. The sister of Osiris and the mother of Horus.
A
Isis
15
Q
The child of Osiris and Isis with a falcon head.
A
Horus
16
Q
3 Gods in the MEMPHHIS TRIAD
A
Ptah, Sekhmet, and Nefertem
17
Q
The chief deity of Memphis & patron deity of craftsmen.
A
Ptah
18
Q
The god of all the gods who created himself and everyone.
A
Ptah
19
Q
The consort of Ptah & the giver of divine retribution,
vengeance, and conquest.
A
Sekhmet
20
Q
The Protector of the two lands.
A
Nefertem
21
Q
3 Gods in the MENKAURE TRIAD
A
King Menkaure, Hathor, and the 17th deified Nome of Upper Egypt
22
Q
The last Great Pyramid builder
A
King Menkaure
23
Q
the goddess of music and love, is shown to the right of
Menkaure, holding his hand.
A
Hathor
24
Q
The three main people who took part in the mummification process.
A
the scribe, the cutter, and the embalmer
25
In the mummification process, how many days does it take to prepare the body for ritual?
70 days
26
Mummies are contained in coffins called the _____.
sarcophagus
27
His mummy was contained in 3 coffins,
each one within the next.
Tutankhamun
28
The Kings of ancient Egypt are known as
Pharaohs
29
‘Pharaoh' is a Greek word that is based on an Egyptian word that meant
great house
30
The pharaoh was the political and religious leader holding the
titles?
'Lord of the Two Lands' and 'High Priest of Every Temple'
31
The pharaohs have been divided into how many dynasties?
30 dynasties
32
The Great Pharaoh who ruled herself as the first woman pharaoh and ruled for around 20 years. She organized military campaigns and sent out trade expeditions to bring exotic goods to Egypt.
Hatshepsut
33
The Great Pharaoh who was called the Napoleon of ancient Egypt because of his military genius and built many structures. He ruled for 54 years and created the largest empire ever in Egypt.
Thutmose III
34
This Great Pharaoh was one of the longest ruling pharaohs of ancient Egypt for 67 years. He lived for over 80 years with over a dozen wives and more than 100 children.
Rameses II
35
The rule of this Great Pharaoh is remembered as one of artistic glory
and prosperity having a large impact on the economy of Egypt.
Amenhotep III
36
The Great Pharaoh who was the 12th king of the 18th dynasty. He was a boy king at age 9 and most famous Pharaoh of all time. He was not renowned as a ruler but famous for his riches inside his intact tomb.
Tutankhamun
37
The Great Pharaoh who ruled for less than 20 years and introduced the concept of a single god, Aten which was later reversed by his son, Tutankhamun.
Amenhotep IV or Akhenaten
38
The Great Pharaoh who was known for the famous limestone Step Pyramid at Saqqara which is an example of great technological innovation.
Djozer
39
The architect of Step Pyramid
Imhotep
40
The Great Pharaoh who built the oldest and largest pyramid in Giza remarkable for its construction techniques.
Khufu
41
The Great Pharaoh who was the Queen of Nile and was the last pharaoh of ancient Egypt though she was not of Egyptian lineage
Cleopatra
42
Cleopatra was the daughter of ____
Ptolemy XII
43
2 love interests of Cleopatra
Julius Caesar and Marc Antony
44
a soft headcloth usually made of linen and is a striped head cloth worn almost exclusively by the king in representations like a sphinx or falcon.
nemes crown
45
The headress that represents the power and kingship of the 2 lands, Upper and Lower Egypt
double crown / pschent
46
The symbol of power over Upper Egypt
white crown / hedjet
47
The symbol of power over Lower Egypt
red crown / deshret
48
The blue war crown worn when the Egyptian pharaoh went to war as the head of the army, used from the 18th dynasty onwards.
khepresh
49
headdress that symbolizes protection & royal power
Eye of Horus
50
is a rope enclosing a royal name thereby serving as the protector of that name.
Cartouche
51
This scepter has a stylized animal head on top and a forked end. It was a visual representation of the concept of "power" or
"dominion.“
Was Scepter
52
represents the sun god Ra and the divinity of the Pharaoh.
Sun Disk
53
God of the Dead and the Keeper of the Gate with a head of a jackal
Anubis
54
are symbols of royalty, kingship, majesty and dominion. The crook is a scepter symbolizing government.
Crook and Flail
55
____ symbolizes royal protection of the Lower Egypt while ____ symbolizes divine kingship of the Upper Egypt.
Uraeus/Cobra ; Falcon
56
Symbol for Lower Egypt and Fertility
Papyrus
57
Symbol for Upper Egypt and Fertility
Lotus
58
are indicative of plant stems gathered at the base with capitals derived from the lotus bud, papyrus flower and the palm.
Columns
59
upper part of the column
Capital
60
Latin origin of the word Capital that means "head"
Capita
61
is a broad pit below ground covered with a
rectangular flat mound with sides sloping at 75 degrees
Royal Mastaba
62
The word mastaba is an Arabic word meaning
bench of mud
63
this served as the threshold between the world of the mortals and the spirits
False Door / Ka Door(?)
64
the Egyptian concept of vital essence or life force, where the spirits roam around at dusk and goes back at the mastaba at dawn
the Ka
65
heavy stones that are dropped through the slots of the royal mastaba to seal the chamber.
portcullises
66
This part of a mastaba is describes as a room for the statue of the deceased
Serdab
67
The part of a mastaba where the name of the deceased is inscribed
Stele
68
A part of a mastaba where the slot of portcullises are located
Tomb Shaft
69
a series of successively smaller mastabas one atop of another
Step Pyramid
70
is the world’s first large scale monument in stone with no free-standing columns. It was originally clad in polished white limestone.
Step Pyramid of Djozer
71
was originally planned as a true pyramid, but
the corners were built on unstable ground and the walls of the
burial chambers inside began to crack and shift inward.
Bent Pyramid
72
has the best preserved limestone outer sheath of any pyramid in Egypt
Bent Pyramid of Snefru, Dashur
73
Has a square base and four sloping triangular sides meeting at an apex
True Pyramid
74
4 parts of a Pyramid
a. Offering chapel
b. Mortuary temple (for the worship of the dead)
c. Causeway
d. Valley building (for interment & embalmment)
75
Is the oldest and largest (13 acres) of the 3 pyramids in the Giza Necropolis. It is the oldest of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one to remain largely intact.
Pyramid of Cheops (Khufu)
76
a beautiful white limestone
White Tura Stone
77
Is a hollow space in the middle of a massive structure of stone
King's chamber
78
4 stars where the Pyramid of Khufus narrow shafts are pointing to.
1. Belt stars of Orion (Osiris)
2. Sirius (Isis)
3. Alpha Draco
4. Kochab
79
is slightly smaller than the great Pyramid of Cheops & guarded by the Sphinx believed to bear the face of King Chephren
Pyramid of Chephren (Khafre)
80
is a mythical monster with the body of a lion and the head of a pharaoh, hawk or ram.
sphinx
81
The word sphinx literally means
“living image of the creator god Atum”
82
a sphinx with a body of a lion with a head of a man
Androsphinx
83
a sphinx with a body of a lion with a head of a ram
Criosphinx
84
is the smallest and the last among the 3 pyramids to be built in the Giza Plateau.
Pyramid of Mykerinos (Menkaura, son of Chephren)
85
A type of a Rock-cut tomb were elaborately decorated tombs are carved into the limestone cliffs
Hillside Tombs
86
has 39 ancient rock-cut tombs
Tombs, Beni Hasan
87
a rock-cut tomb that contain stairways, passageways, corridors and burial chambers located below the valley floor.
Corridor Tombs
88
was the royal necropolis of Ancient Egypt where the kings & powerful nobles were buried.
Valley of the Kings, Luxor
89
How many items were recovered from the burial of Tutankhamun
3,500 items
90
is a place near the Valley of the Kings where wives of Pharaohs were buried in ancient times.
Valley of the Queens, Luxor
91
A type of temple that is used for the ministrations to deified pharaohs.
Mortuary Temple
92
A type of temple that is for the worship of the ancient and mysterious gods.
Cult Temple
93
the monumental gateway part of an Egyptian Temple
Pylon
94
The part of an Egyptian Temple that is surrounded by columns
Great Court
95
The part of an Egyptian Temple that is described as a forest of columns, portraying the illusion of infinity and vastness of space
Hypostyle Hall
96
The holiest part of an Egyptian Temple & accessible only to the king & high priests.
Sanctuary
97
is a tall 4-sided narrow tapering column terminating in a pyramidion, its most sacred part.
Obelisk
98
Keeps the portable barque for transporting the God during processions
Barque Shrine
99
Temple walls were designed with inward inclinations called?
Battered walls
100
was the last pagan temple to exist in the
Mediterranean. It was dedicated to goddess Isis, wife of Osiris & mother of Horus.
Temple of Isis, Philae
101
is the grandest of all Egyptian temples & built by many kings. It was most important sanctuary of the cult who worshipped the
sun god, Amun-Ra
Great Temple of Amun, Karnak
102
Form of pictographic writing in ancient Egypt
Hieroglyphics
103
A step pyramid can be found in
Sakkara
104
was mostly built by Amenophis III, dedicated to the Theban Triad of Amun, Mut & Khons
Temple of Luxor
105
is a rock-hewn temple with 4 rock-cut colossal statues of Rameses II, over 20 m. high
Great Temple, Abu Simbel
106
is a rock-hewn temple dedicated to
Rameses II’s deified queen, Nefertari & the goddess Hathor
Small Temple, Abu Simbel
107
Deir el-Bahari was built by Senmut & dedicated to the
sun god Amun-Ra.
It is connected to a corridor tomb.
Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut, Valley of the
Queens
108
Der-el-Bahari is directly related to a corridor tomb
Mortuary Temple of Mentuhetep
109
was a cult temple mostly done by Rameses III.
Temple of Khons, Karnak
110
The close-grained limestone wall relief is the finest in Egypt.
Temple of Seti I, Abydos
111
_______ by Rameses II, is a mortuary
temple of the cult type.
The Ramesseum, Thebes
112
built from sandstone blocks, is the
most completely preserved of all temple remains
Temple of Horus, Edfu
113
was built to celebrate the divine birth of Horus
Mammisi Temple, Edfu
114
is often referred to as a birth house of the
gods located within the temple complex
mammisi temple
115
is dedicated to Ihy (the son of Hathor and Horus)
Mammisi Temple at the Temple of Hathor, Dendera
116
long causeway or ceremonial avenue
Dromos
