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History: Magel Finals Semester 2 > Greek and Roman World | pg: 256 & 317 > Flashcards

Greek and Roman World | pg: 256 & 317 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was Cyrus the Great?

A

He lived from 585 - 529 BC, and he was a great ruler of the Persian Empire. He treated conquered people well, and told them they didn’t have to follow Persian customs.

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2
Q

What is a cavalry?

A

A unit of soldiers who ride horses

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3
Q

Who was Darius I

A

He was a Persian Emperor that divided the empire into 20 provinces and appointed satraps. He built many roads and created a new capital called Persepolis.

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4
Q

What are Satraps?

A

Another word for governor.

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5
Q

What were the Persian Wars?

A

A series of Wars/Invasions between Greece and Persia.

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6
Q

Who was Xerxes I?

A

He was the the son of Darius I. He tried to conquer Greece 10 years after his dad. He was a failure of a conqueror as he failed to conquer Greece.

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7
Q

What is Zoroastrianism

A

A Persian Religion that thought there were 2 forces (good and evil), fighting for control over the universe. Priests urged people to stay on the good side. This remained popular for many centuries.

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8
Q

What is an alliance?

A

An agreement to work together.

Ex) The Peloponnesian League

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9
Q

What was the Peloponnesian War?

A

The war between Athens and Sparta that threatened to tear all of Greece apart.

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10
Q

What is a phalanx?

A

A group of warriors who stood close together in a square.

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11
Q

Who was Phillip II?

A

A Macedonian king that conqured Greece, then passed his leadership to Alexander the Great.

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12
Q

Who was Alexander the Great?

A

The greatest conqeror, built an empire that united much of Europe, Asia, and Egypt. He wanted to push into India. He is a Macedonian coqueror

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13
Q

Who was Socrates

A

taught the Socratic method which was asking questions which angered and frightened people. Because of this was arrested and killed.

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14
Q

Who was Plato?

A

A student of Socrates and created a school to discuss ideas. Wrote the Republic which described his ideal society.

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15
Q

Who was Aristotle?

A

He was Plato’s student. Taught living life in moderation or balance. Believed moderation based on clear and ordered thinking

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16
Q

Who was Euclid?

A

Spent life studying math, especially geometry.

17
Q

Who was Hippocrates?

A

Greek doctor know n for ideas about how doctors should behave.

18
Q

Who was Archimedes?

A

Made great discoveries such as water screw which brought water to fields.

19
Q

Difference betweeen Sparta and Athens?

A

Sparta girls had more right than Athenian. Athenian girls had basically nothing. Boys were treeted weein Athens but bad in Sparta.

20
Q

Delian League?

A

Alliance between city-states of Greece.

21
Q

What is the Peloponnesian League?

A

Sparta made this alliance.

22
Q

Who was Aneas

A

Great Trojan leader. Aeneid made by Virgil talks about his trip to Italy.

23
Q

Who was Romulus and Remus?

A

Romulus and Remus were brothers that were kidnapped. They then escaped, making a city plan for a celebration. They had an argument about the name, who should it be named after. Then, Romulus killed Remus, having the city named Rome

24
Q

Who were the Etrucians?

A

Kings that ruled Rome, MOST were Etrucians. Etrucians made huge contributions to Rome. They were then overthrown by nobles, then not wanting to have a king, they created a republic.

25
Q

What is a republic?

A

Romans created a republic in 509BC, which elected officials ran the government. They created terms so no one could become a dictator. Terms were 1 year long.

26
Q

Who is Cininatus?

A

He was one of Rome’s famous dictator’s who quickly defeated his enemies and returned to farming long before his 6-month term was ended.

27
Q

What are dictators?

A

Rulers with almost absolute power, to lead a city

History: Magel Finals Semester 2 (6 decks)

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