Great Depression + New Deal Vocab Flashcards
1
Q
Atkins Vs. Childrens Hospital
A
- US Supreme Court opinion that federal minimum wage legislation for women was an unconstitutional infingement of liberty of contract, as protected by the due process clause of the 5th Amendment
- Adkins was overturned in West Coast HOtel Co. V. Parrish
- reversed many of the gains that had been achieved through the groundbreaking decision of Muller V. Oregon
2
Q
Nin-Power Treaty
A
- agreement coming out of the Waswhington “Disarmament” Conference of 1921 - 1922 that pledged Britain, France, Italy, Japan, the US, China, the NEtherlands, Portugal, and Belgium to abide by the Open Door Policy in China
- the fire-power Naval treaty on ships ratios and the Four-Power Treaty to preserve the status quo in the Pacific also came out of the conference
3
Q
Kellog-Briand Treaty (1928)
A
- a sentimental triumph of the 1920s peace movement
- linked 62 nations in the supposed “outlawry of war”
4
Q
Fordney McCumber Tariff
A
- a comprehensive bill passed to protect domestic production from foreign competitors
- resultantly, many European nations were spurred to increase their own barriers
5
Q
Teapot Dome Scandal (1921)
A
- a tawdry affair involving the illegal lease of priceless naval oil reserves in Teapot Dome, Wyoming and Elk Hills, CA
- one of several scandals that gave President Harding’s secretary of the Interior a reputation for corruption
6
Q
McNary-Havgen Bill (1924 - 1928)
A
- a farm-relief bill that was championed throughout the 1920s and aimed to keep agricultural prices high by authorizing the government to buy up surpluses and sell them abroad
- Congress passed the bill twice, but Pres. Calvin Coolidge vetoed it in 1927 and 1928
7
Q
Dawe’s Plan (1924)
A
- an arrangement negotiated in 1924 to reschedule German reparation payments
- stabilized German currency + opened the way for further American private loans to Germany
8
Q
Agricultural Marketing Act (1929)
A
- this act established the federal Farm Board, a lending bureau for hard-pressed farmers
- aimed to help farmers help themselves through new producers’ cooperatives
- depression worsened in 1930 → Board tried to bolster falling prices by buying up surplusses, but was unable to cope w/ the flood of farm produce to market
9
Q
Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930)
A
- highest protective tariff in the peacetime history of the US
- passed as a result of old-fashioned horse trading
- to the outside world, it smacked of ugly economic warfare
10
Q
Black Tuesday (1929)
A
- the dark panicky day of OCtober 29, 1929 when over 16,410,000 shares of stock were sold on Wall Street
- trigger that helped bring the Great Depression
11
Q
Hoovervilles
A
- Grim shanty towns where impoverished victims of the Great Depression slept under newspapers and in makeshift tents
- their visibility (and sarcastic name) tarnished the reputation of the Hoover administration
12
Q
Reconstruction Finance Cooperation (1932)
A
- a government lending agency established under the Hoover administration in order to assist insurance companies, banks, agricultural organizations, railroads, and local governments
- a precursor to later agencies that grew out of the New Deal and symbolized a recognition by the Republicans that some federal action was required to address the Great Depression
13
Q
Norris-LA Cuarioia Anti-Injunction Act (1932)
A
- banned “yellow-dog” or anti-union, work contracts and forbade federal courts from insuring injunctions to quash strikes and boycotts
- an early piece of labor-friendlyy federal legislation
14
Q
Bonus Army (1932)
A
- officiially known as the BOnus Expeditionary Force (BEF)
- group of 20,000 veterans marched on Washington to demand immediate payment of bonuses earned during WW1
- Gen. Douglas Mac Arthur dispersed them w tear gas and bayonets
15
Q
Brain Trust
A
- specialists in law, economics, and welfare, many young university profesorrs who advised President Franklin D. Roosevelt + helped develop the policies of the New Deal
16
Q
New Deal
A
- the economic and political policies of Franklin Roosevelt’s administration in the 1930s, which aimed to solve the problems of the Great Depression by providing relief for the unemployed + launching efforts to stimuate economic recovery
- built on reforms of the progressive era to expand greatly on American-style welfare state
17
Q
Recovery, Relief, Reform
A
- temporary programs to restart the flow of consumer demand
- immediate action taken to half the economy’s detenoration
- permanent programs to avoid another depression and insure citizens against economic disasters
18
Q
Fireside Charts
A
- the informal radio talks President Franklin Roosevelt had with Americans during the Great Depression
- unified America w nationwide speeches + rose American spirits by encouraging Americans through the Great Depression
- FDR was the first president to effectively use the radio for politics
- these talks occured at least once a month, maybe more
19
Q
Hundred Days
A
- immediate action met w/ Congress for 100 days
- during those 100 days, Congress granted every request Roosevelt asked, and passed a few programs (such as the FDIC to insure bank accounts) that he opposed
- since that, presidents have been judged against FDR for what they accomplished in the first 100 days
20
Q
Glass-Steagall Banking Reform
A
- Government legislation that made 750 million dollars that had once been kept in the governments gold reserves now able to be used int he createion of loans
- allowed the banks to reopen and it gave the president the power to regulate banking transactions and foreign exchange
- took the US off the gold standard and introcued FDIC
21
Q
20th Amendment (Lame Duck)
A
- changed the date on which the terms of the president + VP / Senators (Jan 20) and Representatives (Jan 3) end + begin
22
Q
21st Amendment
A
- limists the amount of time a person can be elected president
- a person cannot be elected president more than twice
- a person who has served more than 2 years of a term to which someone else was elected cnanot be elected more than twice
23
Q
Civilian Conservation Corps (1933) → CCC
A
- employed about 3 million men (18-25 years old) to work on projects that beenfitted the public → planting trees to reforest areas, building levees for flood control, and improving national parks, etc.
- men only kept 20 - 25 % of money; the rest was sent back to family
24
Q
National Recovery Administration (1933) - (NRA)
A
- encouraged businesses to set minimum wage + abolish child labor
- tried to set up codes governing pricing and other practices for every industry
- helped people stay in work + for employers to get same amt of wages
- workers don’t work more than 40 hours per week
- prices of these products are higher bc helps fund gov. + economy
- tried to do all; relief, recovery, reform
- unconstitutional 1935
