Great Depression + New Deal Vocab Flashcards
1
Q
Atkins Vs. Childrens Hospital
A
- US Supreme Court opinion that federal minimum wage legislation for women was an unconstitutional infingement of liberty of contract, as protected by the due process clause of the 5th Amendment
- Adkins was overturned in West Coast HOtel Co. V. Parrish
- reversed many of the gains that had been achieved through the groundbreaking decision of Muller V. Oregon
2
Q
Nin-Power Treaty
A
- agreement coming out of the Waswhington “Disarmament” Conference of 1921 - 1922 that pledged Britain, France, Italy, Japan, the US, China, the NEtherlands, Portugal, and Belgium to abide by the Open Door Policy in China
- the fire-power Naval treaty on ships ratios and the Four-Power Treaty to preserve the status quo in the Pacific also came out of the conference
3
Q
Kellog-Briand Treaty (1928)
A
- a sentimental triumph of the 1920s peace movement
- linked 62 nations in the supposed “outlawry of war”
4
Q
Fordney McCumber Tariff
A
- a comprehensive bill passed to protect domestic production from foreign competitors
- resultantly, many European nations were spurred to increase their own barriers
5
Q
Teapot Dome Scandal (1921)
A
- a tawdry affair involving the illegal lease of priceless naval oil reserves in Teapot Dome, Wyoming and Elk Hills, CA
- one of several scandals that gave President Harding’s secretary of the Interior a reputation for corruption
6
Q
McNary-Havgen Bill (1924 - 1928)
A
- a farm-relief bill that was championed throughout the 1920s and aimed to keep agricultural prices high by authorizing the government to buy up surpluses and sell them abroad
- Congress passed the bill twice, but Pres. Calvin Coolidge vetoed it in 1927 and 1928
7
Q
Dawe’s Plan (1924)
A
- an arrangement negotiated in 1924 to reschedule German reparation payments
- stabilized German currency + opened the way for further American private loans to Germany
8
Q
Agricultural Marketing Act (1929)
A
- this act established the federal Farm Board, a lending bureau for hard-pressed farmers
- aimed to help farmers help themselves through new producers’ cooperatives
- depression worsened in 1930 → Board tried to bolster falling prices by buying up surplusses, but was unable to cope w/ the flood of farm produce to market
9
Q
Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930)
A
- highest protective tariff in the peacetime history of the US
- passed as a result of old-fashioned horse trading
- to the outside world, it smacked of ugly economic warfare
10
Q
Black Tuesday (1929)
A
- the dark panicky day of OCtober 29, 1929 when over 16,410,000 shares of stock were sold on Wall Street
- trigger that helped bring the Great Depression
11
Q
Hoovervilles
A
- Grim shanty towns where impoverished victims of the Great Depression slept under newspapers and in makeshift tents
- their visibility (and sarcastic name) tarnished the reputation of the Hoover administration
12
Q
Reconstruction Finance Cooperation (1932)
A
- a government lending agency established under the Hoover administration in order to assist insurance companies, banks, agricultural organizations, railroads, and local governments
- a precursor to later agencies that grew out of the New Deal and symbolized a recognition by the Republicans that some federal action was required to address the Great Depression
13
Q
Norris-LA Cuarioia Anti-Injunction Act (1932)
A
- banned “yellow-dog” or anti-union, work contracts and forbade federal courts from insuring injunctions to quash strikes and boycotts
- an early piece of labor-friendlyy federal legislation
14
Q
Bonus Army (1932)
A
- officiially known as the BOnus Expeditionary Force (BEF)
- group of 20,000 veterans marched on Washington to demand immediate payment of bonuses earned during WW1
- Gen. Douglas Mac Arthur dispersed them w tear gas and bayonets
15
Q
Brain Trust
A
- specialists in law, economics, and welfare, many young university profesorrs who advised President Franklin D. Roosevelt + helped develop the policies of the New Deal
