1920s Vocab Flashcards
1
Q
Teapot Dome
A
- bribery incident→ took place in 1922-1923 (pres. Warren G. Harding)
- secretary of the Interior ALbert B. Fall leased Navy petroleum reserves @ Teapot Dome to private oil companies without competitive bidding + @ low rates
- leases became subject of a sensational investigation → Fall convicted of accepting bribes from oil companies
2
Q
Bureau of the Budjet
A
- established by the Budjet and Accounting Act
- reviews funding requests from government departments and assist the president in formulating the budget
3
Q
Open Shop
A
- a company whose workers are hired without regard to their membership in a labor union
4
Q
Welfare Capitalism
A
- an approach to labor relations in which companies met some of their workers needs without prompting by unions
- prevented strikes + kept productivity high
5
Q
Consumerism
A
- concentrated on producing and distributing goods for a market which must be constatntly enlarged
- increased focus on purchasing goods for personal use
- protection/ promotion of consumer interests
6
Q
Jazz Age
A
- 1920s
- popular rise of new American music / culture → jazz
7
Q
Hollywood
A
- by the early 1920s, Hollywood had become the world’s first film capital
- produces virtually all films show in US + recieved 80 percent of revenue from films shown abroad
- became a viewing for propaganda
8
Q
Popular Heroes
A
- INSTEAD of popular politicians (FDR/Wilson), new popular heroes were film + radio heroes → mone stars
- athletes grew a wide audience
9
Q
Lost Generation
A
- generation of Americans who came of age during WW1 → popularized by author Ernest Hemingway
- usually used to describe a group of artists / writers who were the brightest _ most flowering of American genius
- ALSO: used to describe a group of writers who ejected American post WW1 ideals (F. Scott Fitzgerals, Ernest Hemingway, Gertrude Stein)
10
Q
Art Deco
A
- promidant decorative art style of the 20s + 30s
- characterides by precise + boldly delimeated geometric shapes + strong colors
- used most notably in household objects + architecture
11
Q
Bolshevik Revolution
A
- overthrow of Russia’s Provisional Government in fall 1917 by Lenin + Bolshevic forces made possible by the government’s continuing defeat in the war, its failure to bring political reforms + a further decline in the conditions of everyday life.
12
Q
Red Scare
A
- period during early 20th century during which Americans grew afraid of a Communist takeover caused by the Russian Revolution
- radicals + foreigners were targeted
- also feared: socialists, anarchists, + other dissidents
- innocent people were jailed for expressing their views / civil liberties ignored / many Americans feared a Bolshevik-style Revolution
- in early 20s: the fear simply dissipated
13
Q
Criminal Syndicalism
A
- laws passed by many states during the Red Scare
- outlawed the mere advocacy of violence to secure social change
- stump speakers for the international workers of the World were special targets
14
Q
American Plan
A
- term that some employers usedin 1920s to describe their policy of refusing to negotiate w/ unions
- demonstrated Caissez-Faire economics
15
Q
Ku Klux Klan
A
- reemerged ex pressing extreme nativism
- strong in midwest + the south
- hostile against: blacks, catholics, Jews, foreginers, + suspected Communists
- used modern advertising techniqujes to grow to 5 million members by ‘25
- support: lower/middle class white Protestants in small cities + towns
- applied vigilante justice, burned crosses, punish victims w/ whips + hangman’s loose
- KKK declined when the leader of Indiana’s klan was convicted of murder
16
Q
Dawe’s Plan
A
- a plan to revive the Germany economy; US loaned Germany so they can pay reparations to England + France so they can pay back their loans from US
17
Q
Bible Belt
A
- region of American South → extended from North Carolina west to Oklahoma + Texas
- where Protestant Fundamentalism + belief in literal interpretation of the Bible have been traditionally strongest
18
Q
Immigration Act of 1924
A
- cut quotas for foreigners from 3% to 2% of the total number of immigrants
- purpose: to freeze American racial composition → largely Northern European
- prevented Japanese Immigration → lead to fury in Japan
19
Q
18th Amendment
A
- had its roots in the religious revival in the 1820s
- made it federal law in all states that sale, transportation + manufacture of alcohol for beverage purposes was illegal
- led to bootlegging + gangsters in 1920s
20
Q
Volstead Act
A
- specified that no person should manufacture, sell, barter, transport, import, eliver, export, furnish, or possess any intoxicating liquor except as authorized by this act
- didn’t specifically prohibit the purchase of use of intoxicating liquors (18th amendment)
- established illegal alcohol @ above 0.5%
21
Q
Racketeers
A
- people who obtained money illegally by fraud, bootlegging, gambling, or threats of violence
- invaded the ranks of labor during 1920s gambling / gangsterism were prevalent in American life
22
Q
Modernism
A
- modernists took a historical + critical view of the bible
- believed they could accept Darwin’s theroy of evolution without abandoning their religion
- promoted technology + forms of expression unique to current times
23
Q
Fundamentalism
A
- movement in American protestantism that arose in reaction to modernism
- stresses the infallibility of Bible→ faith, morals, historical literal record
○ creation of world, virgin birth, physical ressurection, atonement by sacrificial death, the Second Coming
24
Q
Scopes Trial (1925)
A
- highly publicized trial where John Thomas Scopes violated a Tennessee State law by teaching evolution in school
- scopes was prosecuted by William Jennings Bryan and defended by Clarence Darrow
- displayed the Fundamentalism prevalent in rural areas at that time
25
Scientific Management
- a management theory using efficiency experts to examine each work operations + find ways to minimize the amount of time mended to complete it
○ Taylorism - encouraged the development of mass production techniques and the assembly line
- lead to a Revolution in American evolution of social sciene
26
Fordism
- system of standardized mass production attributed to Henry Ford
- principles based on assembly line techniques, scientific management, mass consumption based on higher wages, and sophisticated advertising techniques.
27
United Negro Improvement Association
- black working class's first mass movement
- led by Jamaican-born Marcus Garvey
- built racial pride, challenged white political + cultural homogeny & championed black separatism.
28
Washington Conference (1921)
- president Harding invited delegates from Europe + Japan→ they agreed to limit production of war ships, to not attack each other's possessions, + to respect China's independence
29
Five Power Naval Treaty (1921)
- discussed in the Washington Conference
- put limitations on weapons and military in USA, Britain, Japan, France, and Italy
30
Nine Power China Treaty (1922)
- agreement coming out of Washignton Conference
- pledged Britain, France, Italy, Japan, USA< China, Netherlands, Portugal, and Belgiu to abide by the Open Door Policy in China
31
Kellog Briant Treaty (1928)
- a sentimental triumph of the 1920s peace movement
- linked 62 nations in the supposed "outlawry of war"
- generally believed to be useless
- defensive wars were still permitted
32
Reparations
- as part of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was ordered to pay fines to the Allies to repay the costs of the war
- opposed by the US; quickly led to a severe depression in Germany
