GRE 2 Flashcards
contingent
1 : likely but not certain to happen : POSSIBLE 2 : not logically necessary especially : EMPIRICAL 3 a : happening by chance or unforeseen causes b : subject to chance or unseen effects : UNPREDICTABLE c : intended for use in circumstances not completely foreseen 4 : dependent on or conditioned by something else payment is contingent on fulfillment of certain conditions Our success is contingent upon your continued help. 我们的成功全靠你的不断帮助.5 : not necessitated : determined by free choice
a contingent advantage, effect, etc 意外的好处﹑ 结果等.–contingently adverb
ACCIDENTAL, FORTUITOUS, CASUAL, CONTINGENT mean not amenable to planning or prediction. ACCIDENTAL stresses chance any resemblance to actual persons is entirely accidental. FORTUITOUS so strongly suggests chance that it often connotes entire absence of cause a series of fortuitous events. CASUAL stresses lack of real or apparent premeditation or intent a casual encounter with a stranger. CONTINGENT suggests possibility of happening but stresses uncertainty and dependence on other future events for existence or occurrence the contingent effects of the proposed law.
contingency
/ kən`tɪndʒənsɪ; kənˋtɪndʒənsɪ/
n event that may or may not occur; event that happens by chance 可能发生也可能不发生的事件; 偶发事件: Be prepared for all possible contingencies, ie for whatever may happen. 要准备应付一切可能发生的事件. * [attrib 作定语] contingency plans/arrangements 应变计划[安排].
fortuitous
/ fɔ:tju:ɪtəs; US -tu:-; fɔrˋtuətəs/
adj (fml 文) happening by chance or coincidence 偶然发生的; 巧合的: a fortuitous meeting 偶然相遇.
contort
[I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (sth) (with sth) (cause sth to) twist out of its natural shape （使某物）扭曲, 走样: Her face contorted/was contorted with pain. 她的脸因疼痛而走了样. * contorted branches, limbs, etc 弯弯曲曲的枝桠﹑ 主枝等 * (fig 比喻) a contorted (ie too complicated) explanation, excuse, etc 拐弯抹角的解释﹑ 辩解等.* contortion / kən`tɔ:ʃn; kənˋtɔrʃən/ (a) [U] contortingor being contorted (esp of the face or body) 扭曲, 扭歪, 走样（尤指脸部或躯体）. (b) [C] instance or result of this 扭曲; 扭歪; 走样: the contortions of a yoga expert 瑜伽高手的柔软动作. contortionist / -ʃənɪst; -ʃənɪst/ n person who is skilled in contorting his body 柔软杂技表演者.
contraband
/ `kɔntrəbænd; ˋkɑntrə,bænd/
n [U] goods brought into or taken out of a country illegally （非法带入或带出国境的）违禁品; 走私货: [attrib 作定语] contraband goods 违禁货物.
contract
/ kəntrækt; kənˋtrækt/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (to sth) 1 make or become smaller or shorter （使）缩小, 缩短, 缩约: Metals contract as they get cooler. 金属遇冷则收缩. * I will’ can be contracted to I'll'. Iwill可缩写为I'll. * (fig 比喻) Our business has contracted a lot recently. 我们的生意近来大为减少了. (cause sth to) become tighter or narrower; constrict （使某物）紧缩或收缩; 缩: contract a muscle 收缩肌肉 * The tunnel contracts to a narrow passageway as you go deeper. 再往里走, 坑道缩小成了一条窄窄的通道. Cf 参看 expand.* contractible adj that can be contracted 可收缩的; 有收缩性的.contractile / kəntræktaɪl; US -tl; kənˋtræktl/ adj (fml 文) that can contract or be contracted 可收缩的; 有收缩力的; 有收缩性的: contractile tissue 可缩组织.contraction / kəntrækʃn; kənˋtrækʃən/ n 1 [U] contracting or being contracted 缩小; 缩短; 紧缩; 收缩: the contraction of a muscle 肌肉的收缩. 2 [C] (medical 医) tightening of the womb that occurs at intervals in the hours preceding childbirth （分娩时阵发性的）子宫收缩. 3 [C] shortened form at a word 词的缩约形式; 缩约词: Can’t’ is a contraction of `cannot’. can’t是cannot的缩约形式.
PENITENCE, REPENTANCE, CONTRITION, COMPUNCTION, REMORSE
PENITENCE, REPENTANCE, CONTRITION, COMPUNCTION, REMORSE mean regret for sin or wrongdoing. PENITENCE implies sad and humble realization of and regret for one’s misdeeds absolution is dependent upon sincere penitence. REPENTANCE 改过自新adds the implication of a resolve to change repentance accompanied by a complete change of character. CONTRITION stresses the sorrowful regret that constitutes true penitence tearful expressions of contrition. COMPUNCTION implies a painful sting of conscience especially for contemplated wrongdoing had no compunctions about taking back what is mine. REMORSE suggests prolonged and insistent self-reproach and mental anguish for past wrongs and especially for those whose consequences cannot be remedied thieves untroubled by feelings of remorse.
repent
intransitive verb 1 : to turn from sin and dedicate oneself to the amendment of one’s life 2 a : to feel regret or contrition b : to change one’s mind transitive verb 1 : to cause to feel regret or contrition 2 : to feel sorrow, regret, or contrition for
Repent (of your sins) and ask God’s forgiveness. 你要忏悔, 请求上帝宽恕. * He bitterly repented his folly. 他对自己干的蠢事後悔已极. * I repent having been so generous to that scoundrel. 我後悔不该对那坏家伙如此宽宏大量.–repenter noun
repentance / -əns; -əns/ n [U] ~ (for sth) regret or sorrow for wrongdoing 懊悔; 痛悔; 悔悟; 悔改; 忏悔: show signs of repentance 表现悔改之意.repentant / -ənt; -ənt/ adj ~ (of sth) feeling or showing repentance 感到或表示懊悔﹑ 悔悟﹑ 悔改等的: a repentant sinner, expression, mood 表示悔改的罪人﹑ 神情﹑ 心情 * repentant of his folly （他）对自己愚蠢的行为感到懊悔.
compunction
1 a : anxiety arising from awareness of guilt compunctions of conscience b : distress of mind over an anticipated action or result showed no compunction in planning devilish engines of⋯destruction ― Havelock Ellis 2 : a twinge of misgiving : SCRUPLE cheated without compunction
contrive
/ kən`traɪv; kənˋtraɪv/
v (fml 文) [Tn] plan (sth) cleverly or deceitfully; invent; design 谋划或策划（某事）; 发明; 设计: contrive a device, an experiment, a means of escape 设计一个装置; 筹划一项实验; 策划逃跑 * contrive a way of avoiding paying tax 设法逃税 * Their sudden outburst was obviously genuine; it couldn’t have been contrived. 他们突如其来的发作显然是真的, 这是装不出来的. [Tt] manage (to do sth) in spite of difficulties 想尽办法做某事物: contrive to live on a small income 靠菲薄的收入精打细算过日子 * (ironic 反语) He contrived to make matters worse, ie unintentionally made them worse by what he did. 他弄巧成拙.* contrived adj (derog 贬) 1 planned in advance rather than being spontaneous or genuine ARTIFICIAL, LABORED人为的; 策划的; 非自发的; 虚假的: a contrived incident intended to mislead the newspapers 企图蒙蔽报界的人为事件. 2 obviously invented; not lifelike 杜撰的; 缺乏真实性的: a novel with a very contrived plot 情节十分虚假的小说.
controvert
/ ,kɔntrə`vɜ:t; ˋkɑntrə,vət/
v [Tn] (fml 文) deny the truth of (sth); argue about 否定（某事物）; 争论; 反驳: a fact that cannot be controverted 无可置辩的事实.
contumacious
: stubbornly disobedient : REBELLIOUS –contumaciously adverb
conundrum
1 : a riddle whose answer is or involves a pun 2 a : a question or problem having only a conjectural answer b : an intricate and difficult problem
convalesce
/ ,kɔnvə`les; ,kɑnvəˋlɛs/
v [I] regain one’s health and strength after an illness 恢复健康和体力; 康复: She went to the seaside to convalesce after her stay in hospital. 她经过住院治疗後, 前往海滨养病.* convalescence / ,kɔnvəlesns; ,kɑnvəˋlɛsns/ n [sing, U] (period of) gradual recovery of health and strength 康复（期）.
convalescent / ,kɔnvəlesnt;,kɑnvəˋlɛsnt/ n, adj (person who is) recovering from illness 康复中的（病人）: a convalescent home, ie a type of hospital where people convalesce 疗养所.
convenience
1 : fitness or suitability for performing an action or fulfilling a requirement : a library planned for the users’ convenience 旨在方便读者的图书馆 * I keep my reference books near my desk for convenience. 我把参考书放在书桌旁用着方便. * It was a marriage of convenience, ie They married for material advantage, not for love. 那是一门贪图财利的亲事.
2 a : something (as an appliance, device, or service) conducive to comfort or ease b chiefly British : TOILET 3 There is a public convenience on the corner of the street. 在街道的拐角处有公共厕所.3 : a suitable or convenient time at your convenience 4 : freedom from discomfort : EASE
at your earliest convenience (fml esp commerce 文, 尤用於商业) as soon as possible 尽早: Please deliver the goods at your earliest convenience. 请尽早送货
fly
fly/show/wave the flagmake known one’s support of or loyalty to one’s country, party, movement, etc, esp in order to encourage others to do the same 表示对自己的国家﹑ 党派﹑ 运动等的拥护或忠诚.
keep the flag flying continue to support one’s country or a set of principles 坚持拥护自己的国家或一套原则: Our exporters proudly kept the flag flying at the international trade exhibition. 在国际贸易展览会上, 我国的出口商为国争光.
stodge
/ stɔdʒ; stɑdʒ/
dull （指人）无趣的, 无生气的, 迟钝的. n [U] (infml usu derog 口, 通常作贬义) food that is heavy, solid and not easy to digest 水分少而不易消化的食物.* stodgy / ˈstɔdʒɪ; ˋstɑdʒɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) (infml derog 口, 贬) (of food) heavy, solid and difficult to digest （指食物）水分少而难消化的: stodgy school meals 学校里吃的淀粉多而不好消化的饭菜. (of a book, etc) written in a heavy uninteresting way （指书等）冗长乏味的.(of a person) uninteresting; not lively
stodgily adv. stodginess n [U].
conversant
/ kən`vɜ:snt; kənˋvɚsnt/
adj [pred 作表语] ~ with sth (fml 文) having knowledge of sth; familiar with sth （对某事物）精通, 熟悉: thoroughly conversant with all the rules 对所有的规则了如指掌.
converse 2
/ `kɔnvɜ:s; ˋkɑnvəs/
n [sing] the opposite 相反的事物: He says she is satisfied, but I believe the converse to be true: she is very dissatisfied. 他说她已心满意足了, 不过我认为实际情况相反: 她很不满意. (in logic) statement made by reversing two elements of another statement （逻辑学）反题（将一语句中的两个成分颠倒後所成的语句）: He is happy but not rich' is the converse of He is rich but not happy’. ‘他乐而不富’是‘他富而不乐’的反题.* converse adj [usu attrib 通常作定语] opposite to sth 与（某事物）相反的; 逆的: They hold converse opinions. 他们持相反意见.
conversely adv: You can add the fluid to the powder or, conversely, the powder to the fluid. 可以将液体加到粉末里, 或者相反, 将粉末加到液体里.
purvey
1 : to supply (as provisions) usually as a matter of business butchers who have purveyed meat to the royal household for generations 世世代代向王室供应肉食品的肉商 * a bureau that purveys information about the stock market to potential investors 向可能投资的人提供股票市场信息的机构.2 : PEDDLE 2
purveyance / -əns; -əns/ n [U].purveyor n (fml 文) person or firm that supplies goods or services 供应货物或提供服务的人或公司: Brown and Son, purveyors of fine wines 布朗父子公司, 美酒供应商.
convivial
: relating to, occupied with, or fond of feasting, drinking, and good company a convivial host a convivial gathering –conviviality -ˌvi-vē-‘a-lə-tē\ noun –convivially -‘viv-yə-lē, -‘vi-vē-ə-lē\ adverb
conviviality / kənˏvɪvɪˈælətɪ; kənˏvɪvɪˋælətɪ/ n [U] 1 cheerfulness; sociability 欢乐; 交游. 2 shared pleasure, esp with drinking and eating 联欢（尤指饮宴作乐）.jovial
convoke
: to call together to a meeting
convoke Parliament 召开国会.
SUMMON, CALL, CITE, CONVOKE, CONVENE, MUSTER mean to demand the presence of. SUMMON implies the exercise of authority was summoned to answer charges. CALL may be used less formally for SUMMON called the legislature into special session. CITE implies a summoning to court usually to answer a charge cited for drunken driving. CONVOKE implies a summons to assemble for deliberative or legislative purposes convoked a Vatican council. CONVENE is somewhat less formal than CONVOKE convened the students. MUSTER suggests a calling up of a number of things that form a group in order that they may be exhibited, displayed, or utilized as a whole mustered the troops.
ENCOMIUM, EULOGY, PANEGYRIC, TRIBUTE, CITATION
ENCOMIUM, EULOGY, PANEGYRIC, TRIBUTE, CITATION mean a formal expression of praise. ENCOMIUM implies enthusiasm and warmth in praising a person or a thing received encomiums from literary critics. EULOGY applies to a prepared speech or writing extolling the virtues and services of a person delivered the eulogy at the funeral service. PANEGYRIC suggests an elaborate often poetic compliment her lyrical memoir was a panegyric to her mentor. TRIBUTE implies deeply felt praise conveyed either through words or through a significant act the concert was a musical tribute to the early jazz masters. CITATION applies to the formal praise of a person offered in a military dispatch or in awarding an honorary degree earned a citation for bravery.
convoluted
/ ˈkɔnvəluːtɪd; ˋkɑnvəˏlutɪd/
adj coiled; twisted 盘绕的; 卷曲的: the convoluted folds of the brain 盘绕成团的脑回. (fig 比喻) complicated and difficult to follow 复杂的; 费解的: a convoluted argument, explanation, etc 玄之又玄的论点﹑ 解释等.
convolution n.
1 : a form or shape that is folded in curved or tortuous windings
ornate carving with lots of curves and convolutions 有很多曲线和旋的雕饰 *2 : one of the irregular ridges on the surface of the brain and especially of the cerebrum of higher mammals 3 : a complication or intricacy of form, design, or structure
the bizarre convolutions of the plot 情节的离奇曲折.
convulse
/ kən`vʌls; kənˋvʌls/
v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] cause (sb/sth) to make sudden violent uncontrollable movements 使（某人[某事物]）剧烈震动: convulsed with laughter, anger, toothache 笑得前仰後合﹑ 气得暴跳如雷﹑ 牙齿疼得使脸抽搐变形 * a country convulsed by earthquakes 遭受震灾的国家 * (fig 比喻) Riots convulsed the cities, ie caused violent disturbance. 动乱震撼着这些城市.
convulsion
/ kən`vʌlʃn; kənˋvʌlʃən/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) sudden violent uncontrollable body movement, caused by contraction of muscles 痉挛; 抽搐: The child reacted to the drug by going into convulsions. 这孩子全身痉挛, 对药物有反应. violent disturbance 大乱; 乱子: The leader’s assassination led to political convulsions, eg an attempt at revolution. 领导人遇剌引起了政治动乱. convulsions [pl] uncontrollable laughter 捧腹大笑: The story was so funny it had us in convulsions. 这故事滑稽极了, 使我们笑得不亦乐乎.
paroxysm
/ ˈpærəksɪzəm; ˋpærəksˏɪzəm/
1 : a fit, attack, or sudden increase or recurrence of symptoms (as of a disease) : CONVULSION a paroxysm of coughing 2 : a sudden violent emotion or action : OUTBURST a paroxysm of rage –paroxysmal \ˌpa-rək-‘siz-məl also pə-ˌräk-\ adjective
copious
1 a : yielding something abundantly a copious harvest copious springs b : plentiful in number copious references to other writers 2 a : full of thought, information, or matter b : profuse or exuberant in words, expression, or style a copious talker 3 : present in large quantity : taking place on a large scale copious weeping copious food and drink –copiously adverb –copiousness noun
synonyms PLENTIFUL, AMPLE, ABUNDANT, COPIOUS mean more than sufficient without being excessive. PLENTIFUL implies a great or rich supply peaches are plentiful this summer. AMPLE implies a generous sufficiency to satisfy a particular requirement ample food to last the winter. ABUNDANT suggests an even greater or richer supply than does PLENTIFUL streams abundant with fish. COPIOUS stresses largeness of supply rather than fullness or richness copious examples of bureaucratic waste.
corduroy
/ ˈkɔːdərɔɪ; ˋkɔrdəˏrɔɪ/
n [U] strong cotton cloth covered with parallel soft raised ridges made up of short tufts 灯芯绒: [attrib 作定语] a corduroy jacket 灯芯绒甲克. corduroys [pl] trousers made of this cloth 灯芯绒裤子: a pair of corduroys 一条灯芯绒裤子.corduroy road (esp US) road made of tree trunks laid side-by-side across swampy land （将树干并排横铺於湿软之地面而成的）木排路.
core / kɔː(r); kɔr/
n (usu hard) centre of such fruits as the apple and pear, containing the seeds 果心（如苹果核﹑ 梨核）. (a) central part of a magnet or an induction coil 磁铁心; 线圈心. (b) (geology 地质) central part of the planet earth 地核: The earth has a core and a mantle around it. 地球的中心是地核, 地核的周围是地幔. (c) (physics 物) central part of a nuclear reactor, where the fuel rods are kept and the nuclear reaction takes place （核反应堆中的）活性区, 反应堆心. (d) (computing 计) very small magnetizable metal ring used formerly in a computer’s memory for storing one bit3 of data （存储器的）磁心. (e) inner strand of an electric cable （电缆的）芯线. most important part of sth 核心: Let’s get to the core of the argument. 咱们进入实质性的辩论吧. * This concept is at the very core of her theory. 这个概念是她的理论的核心. * [attrib 作定语] English is a subject on the core curriculum, ie one which all the students have to do. 英语是一门基础课程. (idm 习语) to the core right to the centre 达到中心: rotten to the core, ie completely bad 烂透了的 * He is English to the core, ie completely English in manner, speech, dress, etc. 他是地地道道的英国人. * Her refusal shocked us to the core, ie utterly. 她拒绝後我们大吃一惊.* core v [Tn] take out the core of (sth) 去掉（某物）的中心部分: core an apple 挖去苹果的果心.
cornucopia
1 : a curved goat’s horn overflowing with fruit and ears of grain that is used as a decorative motif emblematic of abundance 2 : an inexhaustible store : ABUNDANCE 3 : a receptacle shaped like a horn or cone –cornucopian -pē-ən\ adjective
coronation
: the act or occasion of crowning also : accession to the highest office
: the coronation of Elizabeth II 伊丽莎白二世的加冕礼
corporate
/ ˈkɔːpərət; ˋkɔrpərɪt/
adj of or shared by all the members of a group; collective 团体的; 共同的: corporate responsibility, action, etc 共同的责任﹑ 行动等. of or belonging to a corporation(2a, b) 法人团体的; 公司的: corporate planning policy, etc 公司的计划﹑ 方针等 * Corporate executives usually have high salaries. 公司里的管理人员一般享有高薪. united in a single group 结成一个团体的: a corpoadj of or shared by all the members of a group; collective 团体的; 共同的: corporate responsibility, action, etc 共同的责任﹑ 行动等. of or belonging to a corporation(2a, b) 法人团体的; 公司的: corporate planning policy, etc 公司的计划﹑ 方针等 * Corporate executives usually have high salaries. 公司里的管理人员一般享有高薪. united in a single group 结成一个团体的: a corporate body 团体.rate body 团体.
corpuscle
/ `kɔ:pʌsl; ˋkɔrpʌsl/
any of the red or white cells in the blood （红或白）血球.
corral
/ kəˈrɑːl; US -ˈræl; kəˋræl/
n (esp US) enclosure for horses, cattle, etc on a ranch or farm （牧场或农场上关马﹑ 牛等的）畜栏. defensive circle of wagons, etc; laager （形成防御圈的）车阵.* corral v (-ll-) 1 [Tn] drive (cattle, etc) into or shut up in a corral 把（牛等）赶入或关进畜栏. 2 [Tn] form (wagons, etc) into a corral 把（车辆等）布成车阵.
pen
/ pen; pɛn/
n small piece of land surrounded by a fence, esp for keeping cattle, sheep, poultry, etc in （牛﹑ 羊﹑ 家禽等的）圈, 围栏: a sheep-pen 羊圈. bomb-proof shelter for submarines （潜艇用的）防空隐蔽坞.* pen v (-nn-) (phr v) pen sb/sth in/up shut sb/sth in, or as if in, a pen 将某人[某物]（宛如）关入围栏中: pen up the chickens for the night 把鸡关进鸡棚过夜 * She feels penned in by her life as a housewife. 她觉得做家庭主妇很受束缚.
corroborate
/ kə`rɔbəreɪt; kəˋrɑbə,ret/
v [Tn] confirm or give support to (a statement, belief, theory, etc) 证实, 支持（某种说法﹑ 信仰﹑ 理论等）: Experiments have corroborated her predictions. 实验证实了她的预言.* corroboration / kə,rɔbəreɪʃn; kə,rɑbəˋreʃən/ n [U] confirmation or support by further evidence, esp from a different source; additional evidence 进一步的证实（尤指另有来源的）; 进一步的证据: His possession of the gun is corroboration of his guilt. 他藏有枪是他犯罪的又一证据. * In corroboration of his story (ie to give support to it) he produced a signed statement from his employer. 为了进一步证明他所说的是事实, 他出示了一份雇主签了字的文件.corroborative / kərɔbərətɪv; US -reɪtɪv; kəˋrɑbə,retɪv/adj tending to corroborate 确证（性）的: corroborative reports, evidence, etc 可以进一步说明问题的报告﹑ 证据等.
corrode
transitive verb 1 : to eat away by degrees as if by gnawing especially : to wear away gradually usually by chemical action the metal was corroded beyond repair 2 : to weaken or destroy gradually : UNDERMINE manners and miserliness that corrode the human spirit ― Bernard De Voto intransitive verb : to undergo corrosion –corrodible -‘rō-də-bəl\ adjective
corrugate
/ ‘kɔrəgeɪt; US ‘kɔ:r-; ˋkɔrə,ɡet/ v [I, Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] be shaped or shape (sth) into folds, wrinkles or furrows （使某物）起皱褶, 起皱纹, 起波纹: His brow corrugated with the effort of thinking. 他皱着眉头用心地思考. * muddy roads corrugated (ie rutted and furrowed) by cart-wheels 被大车压出了一道道辙印的泥泞的道路.* corrugated / ‘kɔrəgeɪtɪd; ˋkɔrə,ɡetɪd/ adj folded, wrinkled or furrowed 起皱褶的; 起皱纹的; 起波纹的: corrugated cardboard, ie used for packing fragile goods 瓦楞纸板 * a corrugated roof, ie made of corrugated iron 瓦楞铁的屋顶. =*illus 见插图.corrugation / ,kɔrə’geɪʃn; US ,kɔ:r-; ,kɔrəˋɡeʃən/ n fold; wrinkle 皱褶; 皱纹.corrugated iron sheet iron pressed into curving folds, used for roofs, fences, etc 波纹铁; 瓦楞铁.
pristine
1 : belonging to the earliest period or state : ORIGINAL the hypothetical pristine lunar atmosphere 2 a : not spoiled, corrupted, or polluted (as by civilization) : PURE a pristine forest b : fresh and clean as or as if new pristine hard-backs in uniform editions to fill our built-in bookcases ― Michiko Kakutani –pristinely adverb
costume
1 : the prevailing fashion in coiffure, jewelry, and apparel of a period, country, or class 2 : an outfit worn to create the appearance characteristic of a particular period, person, place, or thing Halloween costumes People wore historical costumes for the parade. 人们穿着古装参加游行. * The actor came on in full costume, ie wearing all his stage clothes. 那个男演员身穿全套戏装登场. * Scotsmen in Highland costume, ie wearing kilts, etc 身穿高地服装的苏格兰男子 3 : a person’s ensemble of outer garments especially : a woman’s ensemble of dress with coat or jacket –costumey adjective
costumier / kɔˈstjuːmɪə(r); US -ˈstuː-; kɑsˋtumɪɚ/
costumier / kɔˈstjuːmɪə(r); US -ˈstuː-; kɑsˋtumɪɚ/
coterie
/ ‘kəutərɪ; ˋkotərɪ/
n [CGp] (often derog 常作贬义) small group of people with shared activities, interests, tastes, etc, esp one that tends to be exclusive （由有共同的活动﹑ 兴趣﹑ 爱好等人组成的）小圈子, （尤指排外的）小集团: a literary coterie 一帮文人.
counterproductive /ˌkauntəprə’dʌktɪv US -tər-/
achieving the opposite result to the one that you wantSending young offenders to prison can be counterproductive.
coup
/ kuː; ku/ n (pl ~s / kuːz; kuz/)
surprising and successful action 意外而成功的行动: She pulled off a great coup in getting the president to agree to an interview. 她竟然办到了让总统同意接受采访. (also French 法语借词 coup detat / kuː deɪˈtɑː ; ˋkudeˋta/, pl coups detat / kuː deɪˈtɑː ; ˋkudeˋta/) sudden unconstitutional, often violent, change of government 政变: The army staged a coup (d’etat). 军方发动了一场政变. * a bloodless coup 不流血的政变.coup de grace / ˏkuː də ˈgrɑːs; US ˈgrs; kudəˋɡrɑːs/ (pl coups de grace / ˏkuː də ˈgrɑːs; US -ˈgrs; kudəˋɡrɑːs/) blow that kills a person or an animal, esp for reasons of mercy 致命的一击（尤指为解除垂死时痛苦者）: (fig 比喻) Poor exam results dealt the coup de grace to (ie ended) his hopes of staying on at university. 他考试成绩不好, 继续念大学的希望一下子破灭了.
counterproductive /ˌkauntəprə’dʌktɪv US -tər-/
achieving the opposite result to the one that you wantSending young offenders to prison can be counterproductive.
coup
/ kuː; ku/ n (pl ~s / kuːz; kuz/)
surprising and successful action 意外而成功的行动: She pulled off a great coup in getting the president to agree to an interview. 她竟然办到了让总统同意接受采访. (also French 法语借词 coup detat / kuː deɪˈtɑː ; ˋkudeˋta/, pl coups detat / kuː deɪˈtɑː ; ˋkudeˋta/) sudden unconstitutional, often violent, change of government 政变: The army staged a coup (d’etat). 军方发动了一场政变. * a bloodless coup 不流血的政变.coup de grace / ˏkuː də ˈgrɑːs; US ˈgrs; kudəˋɡrɑːs/ (pl coups de grace / ˏkuː də ˈgrɑːs; US -ˈgrs; kudəˋɡrɑːs/) blow that kills a person or an animal, esp for reasons of mercy 致命的一击（尤指为解除垂死时痛苦者）: (fig 比喻) Poor exam results dealt the coup de grace to (ie ended) his hopes of staying on at university. 他考试成绩不好, 继续念大学的希望一下子破灭了.
contingent
1 : likely but not certain to happen : POSSIBLE 2 : not logically necessary especially : EMPIRICAL 3 a : happening by chance or unforeseen causes b : subject to chance or unseen effects : UNPREDICTABLE c : intended for use in circumstances not completely foreseen 4 : dependent on or conditioned by something else payment is contingent on fulfillment of certain conditions Our success is contingent upon your continued help. 我们的成功全靠你的不断帮助.5 : not necessitated : determined by free choice
a contingent advantage, effect, etc 意外的好处﹑ 结果等.–contingently adverb
ACCIDENTAL, FORTUITOUS, CASUAL, CONTINGENT mean not amenable to planning or prediction. ACCIDENTAL stresses chance any resemblance to actual persons is entirely accidental. FORTUITOUS so strongly suggests chance that it often connotes entire absence of cause a series of fortuitous events. CASUAL stresses lack of real or apparent premeditation or intent a casual encounter with a stranger. CONTINGENT suggests possibility of happening but stresses uncertainty and dependence on other future events for existence or occurrence the contingent effects of the proposed law.
deal
deal 1
/ diːl; dil/ n [U] (esp Brit) (planks of) fir or pine wood 冷杉木或松木（的板）: made of white deal 白松木制的 * [attrib 作定语] a deal table, floor, etc 杉木桌﹑ 地板等.
deal 2
/ diːl; dil/ n (idm 习语) a good/great deal (of sth) much; a lot 很多; 大量: spend a good deal of money 花很多的钱 * take a great deal of trouble 费很大的事 * be a great deal better 好多了 * see sb a great deal, ie often 常见某人.
deal 3
/ diːl; dil/ v (pt, pp dealt / delt; dɛlt/) [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.p, Dn.n, Dn.pr] ~ sth (out); ~ sth (to sb) distribute (cards) in a game （纸牌戏中）发（牌）: Whose turn is it to deal (the cards)? 该谁发（牌）了? * She dealt me four cards. 她发给我四张牌. (idm 习语) deal sb/sth a blow; deal a blow to sb/sth (fml 文) (a) hit sb/sth 打击某人[某事物]: She dealt him a tremendous blow with the poker. 她用拨火棒重重地打了他一下. (b) cause sb a setback, shock, etc 使某人受到挫折﹑ 震惊等: Her death dealt us a terrible blow. 她一死对我们打击很大. deal well, badly, etc by/with sb (dated or fml 旧或文) treat sb well, etc 对某人好﹑ 坏等: He has always dealt well by me. 他一贯对我很好. * You’ve been badly dealt with. 你一直受到虐待.
wheel and deal (infml 口 esp US) negotiate or bargain in a clever, often dishonest, way （用精明的, 常指欺骗的方法）洽谈﹑ 商量或讨价还价: There will be a lot of wheeling and dealing before an agreement is reached. 还要有一番讨价还价才能达成协议.(phr v) deal in sth (a) sell sth; trade in sth 卖某物; 经营某物: My bank deals in stocks and shares now. 我们银行现在经营债券与股票. * We deal in hardware but not software. 我们只经营硬件而不经营软件. (b) (derog 贬) concern oneself with sth; indulge in sth 忙於某事物; 沉溺於某事物: deal in gossip and slander, ie make a habit of gossiping about and slandering people 惯於搬弄是非和诽谤别人. deal sb in give cards to (a new player in a game) （纸牌戏中）发牌（给新参加者）. deal sth out give sth out to a number of people; distribute sth 将某物分发给一些人; 分发某物: The profits will be dealt out among the investors. 红利将分发给投资者. * The judge dealt out harsh sentences to the rioters. 法官对暴乱者处以严刑. deal with sb tackle the problem or task set by sb; behave towards sb 处理某人所提出的问题或任务; 对待﹑ 对付某人: How would you deal with an armed burglar? 你怎样对付闯进来的持有武器的强盗? * They try to deal politely with angry customers. 他们尽量对发怒的顾客彬彬有礼. deal with sb/sth have social, business, etc relations with sb 与某人有社交﹑ 商业等关系: I hate dealing with large impersonal companies. 我讨厌与那些没有人情味的大公司打交道. * We don’t deal with (ie negotiate with) terrorists. 我们不与恐怖分子打交道. deal with sth (a) attend to (a problem, task, etc); manage sth 处理（问题﹑ 任务等）; 料理某事: You dealt with an awkward situation very tactfully. 你很巧妙地处理了一个困难的局面. * Haven’t you dealt with (ie replied to) that letter yet? 那封信你答覆了吗? (b) take or have sth as a subject; discuss sth 以某事物作为内容; 讨论某事物: The next chapter deals with verbs. 下一章讨论动词. * I’ll deal with decimals in the next lesson. 下一堂课我要讲小数.
deal 4
/ diːl; dil/ n agreement, esp in business, on certain terms for buying or doing sth 协议; （尤指）交易: to make/conclude/close/finalize a deal (with sb) （与某人）达成一笔交易 * We did a deal with the management on overtime. 在加班问题上我们与管理部门达成一项协议. * They both wanted to use the car, so they did a deal, ie reached a compromise. 他们双方都想用这辆汽车, 因而达成了折衷的协议. * It’s a deal! ie I agree to your terms. 我同意你的条件. * The deal fell through, ie No agreement was reached. 交易告吹. (in games) distribution of playing-cards （纸牌戏中）发牌: After the deal, play begins. 发完牌之後, 纸牌游戏即开始. * It’s your deal, ie your turn to deal the cards. 该你发牌了. (idm 习语) big deal! (infml ironic 口, 反语) I am not impressed 没什麽了不起: We’re getting a wage increase of 40 a year, before tax. Big deal! 我们工资一年要增加40英镑, 未扣除所得税. 有什麽了不起!
a fair/square deal fair treatment in a bargain 公平交易: We offer you a fair deal on furniture, ie We sell it at fair prices. 我们卖家具价钱公道. make the best of it/things/a bad deal/a bad job do what one can and be as contented as possible in spite of misfortune, failure, etc （遭到不幸或失败时）尽力而为, 随遇而安. a new deal programme of political, social and economic reform 政治﹑ 社会和经济改革的计画. a raw/rough deal (infml 口) unfair treatment 不公平的待遇: If she lost her job for being late once, she got a pretty raw deal. 她若只因迟到一次就失去了工作, 这样对她未免太不公平了
covert
1 : not openly shown, engaged in, or avowed : VEILED a covert alliance 2 : covered over : SHELTERED
covet
/ `kʌvɪt; ˋkʌvɪt/
v [Tn] (usu derog 通常作贬义) want very much to possess (esp sth that belongs to sb else) 贪求（尤指别人的东西）; 觊觎: covet sb’s position, status, possessions, rewards 觊觎某人的职位﹑ 地位﹑ 财产﹑ 报酬 * this year’s winner of the coveted Nobel Prize, ie which everyone would like to win 许多人梦寐以求的诺贝尔奖之本年度获得者.* covetous adj ~ (of sth) (derog 贬) having or showing a strong desire to possess (esp sth that belongs to sb else) 贪求（尤指别人的东西）的: covetous of his high salary 觊觎他的高薪的 * a covetous look, glance, etc 贪婪的眼色﹑ 一瞥等. covetously adv. covetousnessn [U].
cow
a sacred cow an idea, institution, etc that many think should not be criticized神圣不可侵犯的思想﹑ 机构﹑ 制度等: Let’s not make a sacred cow of the monarchy. 咱们别把君主政体奉若神明till the cows come home (infml 口) for a very long time; for ever 长时间; 永远: You can talk till the cows come home: you’ll never make me change my mind. 你就是说出大天来, 也休想改变我的主意.
cow 2
/ kau; kaʊ/ v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into sth/into doing sth) make sb do as one wants by frightening him; intimidate sb 胁迫某人（做某事）; 恐吓某人: The men were cowed into total submission. 这些人被吓得服服贴贴. * a cowed (ie frightened and submissive) look 畏惧而顺从的样子.
cower
/ ‘kauə(r); ˋkaʊɚ/ v [I, Ipr, Ip]
v [I, Ipr, Ip] crouch down or move backwards in fear or distress （因畏惧或痛苦）蜷缩, 退缩: He cowered away/back as she raised her hand to hit him. 她扬手打他, 他立即退缩开[向後退缩]. * The dog cowered (down) under the table. 那只狗吓得蜷伏在桌子底下.
coy
/ kɔɪ; kɔɪ/ adj (-er, -est)
pretending to be shy or modest 假装害羞的; 忸怩作态的; 故作谦虚的: She gave a coy smile when he paid her a compliment. 他恭维她时, 她忸怩作态地笑了一笑. reluctant to give information, answer questions, etc; secretive 不肯明说的; 不肯作答的; 含糊其词的: He was a bit coy when asked about the source of his income. 问起他收入的来源, 他就有些吞吞吐吐. * coyly adv. coyness n [U].
crab 2
/ kræb; kræb/ v (-bb-)
[I, Ipr] ~ (about sth) (infml derog 口, 贬) complain; grumble; criticize 抱怨; 挑剔; 批评: The boss is always crabbing about my work. 老板对我的工作总是横挑鼻子竖挑眼.
INCONSTANT, FICKLE, CAPRICIOUS, MERCURIAL, UNSTABLE
mean lacking firmness or steadiness (as in purpose or devotion). INCONSTANT implies an incapacity for steadiness and an inherent tendency to change an inconstant friend. FICKLE suggests unreliability because of perverse changeability and incapacity for steadfastness performers discover how fickle fans can be. CAPRICIOUS suggests motivation by sudden whim or fancy and stresses unpredictability an utterly capricious critic. MERCURIAL implies a rapid changeability in mood made anxious by her boss’s mercurial temperament. UNSTABLE implies an incapacity for remaining in a fixed position or steady course and applies especially to a lack of emotional balance too unstable to hold a job.
cramp
/ kræmp; kræmp/ n
cramp 1
/ kræmp; kræmp/ n [U] sudden and painful tightening of the muscles, usu caused by cold or too much exercise, making movement difficult 痉挛; 抽筋: The swimmer got cramp in his legs and had to be helped out of the water. 游泳者两腿抽筋, 不得不由他人救助出水. * writer’s cramp, ie in the muscles of the hand 书写痉挛. cramps [pl] (esp US) severe pain in the stomach 绞痛.
cramp 2
/ kræmp; kræmp/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] give insufficient space or scope to (sb/sth); hinder or prevent the movement or development of (sb/sth) 限制在狭小的范围内; 阻碍或妨碍（某人[某事物]）的活动或发展: All these difficulties cramped his progress. 所有这些困难阻碍了他的进步. * I feel cramped by the limitations of my job. 我觉得受工作束缚, 没有什麽奔头儿. (idm 习语) be cramped for room/space be without enough room, etc 缺乏足够的空间等的: We’re a bit cramped for space in this attic. 在这间阁楼里我们有点活动不开. cramp sb’s style (infml 口) prevent sb from doing sth freely, or as well as he can 使某人不能放开手脚; 使某人不能施展其才能: It cramps my style to have you watching over me all the time. 你老是盯着我使我放不开手脚.> cramped adj 1 (of handwriting) with small letters close together, and therefore difficult to read （指字迹）又小又密而难以辨认的, 密密麻麻的. 2 (of space) narrow and restricted （指空间）狭小的, 受限制的: Our accommodation is rather cramped. 我们住的地方很挤.
cranky
1 a : given to fretful fussiness : readily angered when opposed : CROTCHETY b : marked by eccentricity 2 : full of twists and turns : TORTUOUS <a> 3 : working erratically : UNPREDICTABLE <a> 4 dialect : CRAZY, IMBECILE</a></a>
crotchety
/ ˈkrɔtʃɪtɪ; ˋkrɑtʃɪtɪ/
1 : given to crotchets : subject to whims, crankiness, or ill temper <a> 2 : full of or arising from crotchets <a></a></a>
crate
(a) large wooden container for transporting goods （运货用的）大木箱, 板条箱: a crate of car components 一箱汽车零部件. (b) container made of metal, plastic, etc divided into compartments for transporting or storing bottles 周转箱（运送或存放瓶子的分格容器）: a crate of milk 一箱牛奶. =>illus at box 见box之插图. (a) (sl joc 俚, 谑) worn-out car 破旧的汽车. (b) (dated air force sl 旧, 空军, 俚) aircraft 飞机.> crate v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) put sth in a crate 将某物装入大木箱或板条箱中: crating (up) a machine 把机器装入大木箱中.
crayon
/ ˈkreɪən; ˋkreən/
n pencil or stick of soft coloured chalk, wax or charcoal, used for drawing （绘画用的）铅笔, 彩色粉笔, 蜡笔, 炭笔: [attrib 作定语] a crayon drawing 彩色蜡笔画.> crayon v [I, Tn] draw (sth) with crayons 用彩色粉笔﹑ 蜡笔或炭笔绘画.
craven
/ `kreɪvn; ˋkrevən/
adj (fml derog 文, 贬) cowardly 怯懦的; 胆小的: craven behaviour, submission, etc 怯儒的行为﹑ 顺服的举动 * a craven deserter 胆怯的逃兵.
crest
krest; krɛst/
n tuft of feathers on a bird’s head 羽冠. (a) top of a slope or hill 坡顶; 山顶. (b) white top of a large wave 浪尖; 波峰. =>illus at surfing 见surfing之插图. design above the shield on a coat of arms, often represented on a seal or on notepaper （盾形纹章上方的）饰章（常用於印信或信笺）: the family crest, ie one above the family’s coat of arms 家族饰章（标记於家族的盾形纹章上方的）. (a) decorative tuft or plume formerly worn on top of a soldier’s helmet （旧时军人头盔顶上的）羽饰. (b) (fig rhet 比喻, 修辞) helmet 头盔. (idm 习语) on the crest of a wave at the point of greatest success, happiness, etc 在最成功﹑ 最得意的时候: After its election victory, the party was on the crest of a wave. 该党在选举获胜後如日中天.> crest v 1 [Tn] reach the crest of (a hill, etc) 达到（山等）的顶端: As we crested the hill, we saw the castle. 我们登上山顶, 看见了城堡. 2 [I] (of a wave) form into a crest （指波浪）形成浪尖.crested adj [attrib 作定语] 1 having a crest(3) 有饰章的: crested notepaper 有饰章的信笺. 2 (used in names of birds 用在鸟类名称中) having a crest(1) 有羽冠的: the great crested grebe
cringe
1 : to draw in or contract one’s muscles involuntarily (as from cold or pain) 2 : to shrink in fear or servility
a child cringing in terror 吓得直退缩的孩子 * The dog cringed at the sight of the whip. 那只狗见到鞭子就退缩了. cringe with embarrassment (ie feel very embarrassed) when I reread those first stories I wrote. 我重读了我初期编写的故事, 感到十分难为情.3 : to behave in an excessively humble or servile way
She’s always cringing to the boss. 她在上司面前总是卑躬屈膝.4 : to recoil in distaste
toady
/ ˈtəudɪ; ˋtodɪ/
n (derog 贬) person who flatters another or treats him with excessive respect in the hope of gain or advantage 谄媚者; 马屁精.> toady v (pt, pp toadied) [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) (derog 贬) behave in this way 谄媚; 奉承; 拍马: toadying to the boss 拍老板马屁
crescendo / krɪ`ʃendəu; krəˋʃɛndo/ adj, adv (music 音)
of or with increasing loudness （指音乐）渐强的: a crescendo passage 渐强的乐节.> crescendo n (pl ~s) (music 音) gradual increase in loudness （音量的）渐强. (fig 比喻) climax; high point (渐入)高潮; 顶点: The advertising campaign reached a crescendo at Christmas. 在圣诞节期间, 广告战已达到高潮.
diminuendo
/ dɪ,mɪnju’endəu; də,mɪnjʊˋɛndo/ adj, adv (music 音) of or with a gradual decrease in loudness 渐弱（的）; 音量逐渐减轻（的）: a diminuendo passage 渐弱的乐节. > diminuendo n (pl ~s) (music 音) gradual decrease in loudness 渐弱.
apologist
: one who speaks or writes in defense of someone or something
sabotage
/ ˈsæbətɑːʒ; ˋsæbəˏtɑʒ/
n [U] damage done secretly to prevent an enemy, a competitor, etc succeeding, esp by destroying his weapons or equipment and spoiling his plans 阴谋破坏（尤指摧毁对方武器或装备以及挫败对方计画等行为）: Was the fire an accident or (an act of) sabotage? 这场大火是意外事故还是有人破坏?
> sabotage v [Tn] secretly damage, destroy or spoil (sth) 阴谋破坏（某事物）: sabotage a missile, a ship, an engine, etc 毁坏导弹﹑ 船﹑ 发动机等 * sabotage sb’s plans, business 破坏某人的计画﹑ 生意 * They tried to sabotage my party by getting drunk. 他们想藉耍酒疯来破坏我的宴会.
saboteur / ˏsæbəˈtɜː(r); ˏsæbəˋtə/ n person who commits sabotage 搞阴谋破坏的人.
croak
intransitive verb 1 a : to make a deep harsh sound b : to speak in a hoarse throaty voice 2 : GRUMBLE 1 3 slang : DIE transitive verb 1 : to utter in a hoarse raucous voice He croaked (out) a few words. 他低沉而沙哑地说出一些话来.2 slang : KILL
crochet
/ ˈkrəuʃeɪ; US krəuˈʃeɪ; kroˋʃe/
n [U] (a) method of making fabric by looping thread into a pattern of connected stitches, using a hooked needle (called a crochet-hook) 钩针编织. (b) fabric made in this way 钩针编织品.> crochet v (pt, pp ~ed / -ʃeɪd; -ˋʃed/) [I, Tn] make (sth, eg a shawl) in this way 用钩针编织（某物, 如围巾）: a crocheted skirt 钩针编织的裙子.
cramp
/ kræmp; kræmp/ n
cramp 1
/ kræmp; kræmp/ n [U] sudden and painful tightening of the muscles, usu caused by cold or too much exercise, making movement difficult 痉挛; 抽筋: The swimmer got cramp in his legs and had to be helped out of the water. 游泳者两腿抽筋, 不得不由他人救助出水. * writer’s cramp, ie in the muscles of the hand 书写痉挛. cramps [pl] (esp US) severe pain in the stomach 绞痛.
cramp 2
/ kræmp; kræmp/ v [Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态] give insufficient space or scope to (sb/sth); hinder or prevent the movement or development of (sb/sth) 限制在狭小的范围内; 阻碍或妨碍（某人[某事物]）的活动或发展: All these difficulties cramped his progress. 所有这些困难阻碍了他的进步. * I feel cramped by the limitations of my job. 我觉得受工作束缚, 没有什麽奔头儿. (idm 习语) be cramped for room/space be without enough room, etc 缺乏足够的空间等的: We’re a bit cramped for space in this attic. 在这间阁楼里我们有点活动不开. cramp sb’s style (infml 口) prevent sb from doing sth freely, or as well as he can 使某人不能放开手脚; 使某人不能施展其才能: It cramps my style to have you watching over me all the time. 你老是盯着我使我放不开手脚.> cramped adj 1 (of handwriting) with small letters close together, and therefore difficult to read （指字迹）又小又密而难以辨认的, 密密麻麻的. 2 (of space) narrow and restricted （指空间）狭小的, 受限制的: Our accommodation is rather cramped. 我们住的地方很挤.
cranky
1 a : given to fretful fussiness : readily angered when opposed : CROTCHETY b : marked by eccentricity 2 : full of twists and turns : TORTUOUS <a> 3 : working erratically : UNPREDICTABLE <a> 4 dialect : CRAZY, IMBECILE</a></a>
crotchety
/ ˈkrɔtʃɪtɪ; ˋkrɑtʃɪtɪ/
1 : given to crotchets : subject to whims, crankiness, or ill temper <a> 2 : full of or arising from crotchets <a></a></a>
crate
(a) large wooden container for transporting goods （运货用的）大木箱, 板条箱: a crate of car components 一箱汽车零部件. (b) container made of metal, plastic, etc divided into compartments for transporting or storing bottles 周转箱（运送或存放瓶子的分格容器）: a crate of milk 一箱牛奶. =>illus at box 见box之插图. (a) (sl joc 俚, 谑) worn-out car 破旧的汽车. (b) (dated air force sl 旧, 空军, 俚) aircraft 飞机.> crate v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (up) put sth in a crate 将某物装入大木箱或板条箱中: crating (up) a machine 把机器装入大木箱中.
crayon
/ ˈkreɪən; ˋkreən/
n pencil or stick of soft coloured chalk, wax or charcoal, used for drawing （绘画用的）铅笔, 彩色粉笔, 蜡笔, 炭笔: [attrib 作定语] a crayon drawing 彩色蜡笔画.> crayon v [I, Tn] draw (sth) with crayons 用彩色粉笔﹑ 蜡笔或炭笔绘画.
craven
/ `kreɪvn; ˋkrevən/
adj (fml derog 文, 贬) cowardly 怯懦的; 胆小的: craven behaviour, submission, etc 怯儒的行为﹑ 顺服的举动 * a craven deserter 胆怯的逃兵.
crest
krest; krɛst/
n tuft of feathers on a bird’s head 羽冠. (a) top of a slope or hill 坡顶; 山顶. (b) white top of a large wave 浪尖; 波峰. =>illus at surfing 见surfing之插图. design above the shield on a coat of arms, often represented on a seal or on notepaper （盾形纹章上方的）饰章（常用於印信或信笺）: the family crest, ie one above the family’s coat of arms 家族饰章（标记於家族的盾形纹章上方的）. (a) decorative tuft or plume formerly worn on top of a soldier’s helmet （旧时军人头盔顶上的）羽饰. (b) (fig rhet 比喻, 修辞) helmet 头盔. (idm 习语) on the crest of a wave at the point of greatest success, happiness, etc 在最成功﹑ 最得意的时候: After its election victory, the party was on the crest of a wave. 该党在选举获胜後如日中天.> crest v 1 [Tn] reach the crest of (a hill, etc) 达到（山等）的顶端: As we crested the hill, we saw the castle. 我们登上山顶, 看见了城堡. 2 [I] (of a wave) form into a crest （指波浪）形成浪尖.crested adj [attrib 作定语] 1 having a crest(3) 有饰章的: crested notepaper 有饰章的信笺. 2 (used in names of birds 用在鸟类名称中) having a crest(1) 有羽冠的: the great crested grebe
cringe
1 : to draw in or contract one’s muscles involuntarily (as from cold or pain) 2 : to shrink in fear or servility
a child cringing in terror 吓得直退缩的孩子 * The dog cringed at the sight of the whip. 那只狗见到鞭子就退缩了. cringe with embarrassment (ie feel very embarrassed) when I reread those first stories I wrote. 我重读了我初期编写的故事, 感到十分难为情.3 : to behave in an excessively humble or servile way
She’s always cringing to the boss. 她在上司面前总是卑躬屈膝.4 : to recoil in distaste
toady
/ ˈtəudɪ; ˋtodɪ/
n (derog 贬) person who flatters another or treats him with excessive respect in the hope of gain or advantage 谄媚者; 马屁精.> toady v (pt, pp toadied) [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) (derog 贬) behave in this way 谄媚; 奉承; 拍马: toadying to the boss 拍老板马屁
crescendo / krɪ`ʃendəu; krəˋʃɛndo/ adj, adv (music 音)
of or with increasing loudness （指音乐）渐强的: a crescendo passage 渐强的乐节.> crescendo n (pl ~s) (music 音) gradual increase in loudness （音量的）渐强. (fig 比喻) climax; high point (渐入)高潮; 顶点: The advertising campaign reached a crescendo at Christmas. 在圣诞节期间, 广告战已达到高潮.
diminuendo
/ dɪ,mɪnju’endəu; də,mɪnjʊˋɛndo/ adj, adv (music 音) of or with a gradual decrease in loudness 渐弱（的）; 音量逐渐减轻（的）: a diminuendo passage 渐弱的乐节. > diminuendo n (pl ~s) (music 音) gradual decrease in loudness 渐弱.
apologist
: one who speaks or writes in defense of someone or something
sabotage
/ ˈsæbətɑːʒ; ˋsæbəˏtɑʒ/
n [U] damage done secretly to prevent an enemy, a competitor, etc succeeding, esp by destroying his weapons or equipment and spoiling his plans 阴谋破坏（尤指摧毁对方武器或装备以及挫败对方计画等行为）: Was the fire an accident or (an act of) sabotage? 这场大火是意外事故还是有人破坏?
> sabotage v [Tn] secretly damage, destroy or spoil (sth) 阴谋破坏（某事物）: sabotage a missile, a ship, an engine, etc 毁坏导弹﹑ 船﹑ 发动机等 * sabotage sb’s plans, business 破坏某人的计画﹑ 生意 * They tried to sabotage my party by getting drunk. 他们想藉耍酒疯来破坏我的宴会.
saboteur / ˏsæbəˈtɜː(r); ˏsæbəˋtə/ n person who commits sabotage 搞阴谋破坏的人.
croak
intransitive verb 1 a : to make a deep harsh sound b : to speak in a hoarse throaty voice 2 : GRUMBLE 1 3 slang : DIE transitive verb 1 : to utter in a hoarse raucous voice He croaked (out) a few words. 他低沉而沙哑地说出一些话来.2 slang : KILL
crochet
/ ˈkrəuʃeɪ; US krəuˈʃeɪ; kroˋʃe/
n [U] (a) method of making fabric by looping thread into a pattern of connected stitches, using a hooked needle (called a crochet-hook) 钩针编织. (b) fabric made in this way 钩针编织品.> crochet v (pt, pp ~ed / -ʃeɪd; -ˋʃed/) [I, Tn] make (sth, eg a shawl) in this way 用钩针编织（某物, 如围巾）: a crocheted skirt 钩针编织的裙子.
crook
(infml 口) person who is habitually dishonest 一贯耍花招的人; 行骗或行窃的老手: The crooks got away with (ie The criminals stole) most of the money. 那坏蛋把那笔钱的大部分都偷走了. * That used-car salesman is a real crook. 那个卖旧汽车的商人是个地地道道的骗子. bend or curve, eg in a river or path 弯曲; 弯子; （河流﹑ 道路等的）弯曲处: carry sth in the crook of one’s arm, ie on one’s arm, at the inside of the bent elbow 臂弯里挎着某物. (a) long stick with a rounded hook at one end, as used in former times by shepherds for catching sheep 一端有弯钩的长棍杖（如旧时牧羊人捕羊所用的）. (b) long staff similar to this, carried ceremonially by a bishop; crosier 主教举行仪式时手持的权杖（形如牧羊人之手杖）. (idm 习语) by hook or by crook by one means or another, no matter what happens 用种种方法; 千方百计.> crook v [Tn] bend (esp one’s finger or arm) 使（尤指手指或手臂）弯曲: She crooked her little finger as she drank her tea. 她喝茶时弯起小指头. crook adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (Austral infml 澳, 口) ill 有病: I’m feeling a bit crook. 我感到有点不适.crook-back n, adj (arch 古) hunch-back(ed) 驼背（的）.
crook-backed adj
crusade
/ kruːˈseɪd; kruˋsed/
any one of the military expeditions by the European Christian countries to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the Middle Ages 十字军（远征）.
~ (for/against sth); ~ (to do sth) any struggle or campaign for sth believed to be good, or against sth believed to be bad （为争取好的或反对坏的事物的）斗争或运动: a crusade against corruption 反腐化运动.
> crusade v [I, Ipr] ~ (for/against sth) take part in a crusade 参加十字军; 参与某种正义行动: crusading for fairer treatment of minorities 参与争取少数民族平等权利的运动. crusader n person taking part in a crusade 十字军战士; 某种正义行动的参与者.
crust
/ krʌst; krʌst/ n
(a) [C, U] hard outer surface of a loaf of bread; pastry covering of a pie, tart, etc 面包皮; 糕饼等的酥皮: a white loaf with a crisp brown crust 有焦皮的白面包 * Cut the crusts off when you make sandwiches. 做三明治时要把焦皮切掉. =>illus at bread 见bread之插图. (b) [C] (esp rhet 尤作修辞) slice of bread, esp a thin dry one 面包片（尤指薄而乾的）: (fig 比喻) He’d share his last crust with you, ie is very unselfish. 他就是剩下最後一片面包也会与你分享. [C, U] hard surface 硬的表面: a thin crust of ice, frozen snow, etc 薄薄的一层冰﹑ 冻结的雪等 * the Earth’s crust, ie the part nearest its surface 地壳. [C, U] hard deposit on the inside of a bottle of wine, esp old port （葡萄酒的）沉淀物. (idm 习语) the upper crust (infml or joc 口或谑) the highest social class 社会的最高阶层: belong to the upper crust 属於上流社会.
> crust v (phr v) crust over become covered with a crust 表层变硬: The surface of the liquid gradually crusted over. 液体表面渐渐地结了一层皮. crusted adj 1 [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (with sth) having a hardened covering; encrusted 有硬壳; 结壳: walls crusted with dirt 积满污垢的墙. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of port) blended from different vintages and matured in bottles （指红葡萄酒）由不同年份的葡萄酒混合装瓶使之醇和.
crutch
support in the form of a pole, placed under the armpit to help a lame person to walk（病人用的）拐杖: a pair of crutches 一副拐杖 * go about on crutches 撑着一副拐杖走来走去. =>illus 见插图. (fig 比喻) person or thing that provides help or support 提供帮助或支持的人或事物: He uses his wife as a kind of crutch because of his lack of confidence. 他缺乏自信心, 总把妻子当作主心骨. = crotch.
crux
/ krʌks; krʌks/
1 : a puzzling or difficult problem : an unsolved question 2 : an essential point requiring resolution or resolving an outcome 3 : a main or central feature (as of an argument)
cryptic
/ `krɪptɪk; ˋkrɪptɪk/
adj with a meaning that is hidden or not easily understood; mysterious 含有隐义的; 晦涩难懂的; 神秘的: a cryptic remark, message, smile, etc 令人困惑的言语﹑ 信息﹑ 微笑等.
> cryptically / -klɪ; -klɪ/ adv: `Yes and no,’ she replied cryptically. ‘又是又不是,’她神乎其神地回答说.
cubicle
1 : a sleeping compartment partitioned off from a large room 2 a : a small partitioned space especially : one with a desk used for work in a business office b : CARREL
cue
~ (for sth/to do sth) thing said or done to signal sb’s turn to say or do sth, esp in a theatrical or other performance 提示, 暗示（尤指戏剧等演出中对某人起暗示作用的道白或动作）: Actors have to learn their cues (ie the last words of the speeches just before their own speeches) as well as their own lines. 演员不仅要记住台词, 还要记住其他演员的暗示. * When I nod my head, that’s your cue to interrupt the meeting. 我一点头, 就是暗示你把会议中断. * (fig 比喻) And they all lived happily ever afterwards which sounds like the cue (ie an appropriate moment) for a song. 从此以後他们全都过上了幸福的生活–这句话听起来像是舞台提示, 说完就开始唱歌. example of how to behave, what to do, etc （行为﹑ 行动等的）榜样: take one’s cue from sb, ie be guided by the way sb does sth 照某人的样子去做 * Follow her cue, and one day you’ll be a great scholar. 你以她为榜样, 总有一天会成为博学之士. (idm 习语) (right) on cue at exactly the appropriate or expected moment 就在这时候: He said she would be back very soon and, right on cue, she walked in. 他说她很快就回来, 说着说着, 她走进来了.> cue v (pres p cueing) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (in) give a cue to sb (to do sth) 提示, 暗示某人（做某事）: I’ll cue you in (ie give you a signal to start) by nodding my head. 我一点头, 你就开始.
taper
n length of wax-covered thread like a very thin candle burned to give light or to light other candles, etc 蜡捻子, 细蜡烛（点燃後用以照明或引火）: put a taper to the fire 用蜡捻儿引火.
taper 2
/ ˈteɪpə(r); ˋtepɚ/ v [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (off) (to sth) become or make (sth) gradually narrower 逐渐变窄; 使（某物）逐渐变窄: tapering at the ends 末端渐窄 * a blade that tapers off to a fine point 缩窄成细尖的叶片 * The trouser legs are slightly tapered. 裤腿逐渐向里收窄了一些. Cf 参看 flare2. [Ip, Tn.p] ~ (sth) off (cause sth to) become less in amount, etc or to cease gradually （使某物）变少, 变小; （使某物）逐渐终止: The number of applicants for the course has been tapering off recently. 申请上该课程的人近来已逐渐减少. * taper off production 逐渐停产.> taper n (usu sing 通常作单数) gradual narrowing of a long object （长形物体的）逐渐变窄: trousers with a slight taper 裤脚稍瘦进一些的长裤.
cuisine
/ kwɪˈziːn; kwɪˋzin/
n [U] (French 法) (style of) cooking 烹饪（风味）: French, Italian, etc cuisine 法国﹑ 意大利菜 * a restaurant where the cuisine is excellent 饭菜精美的餐馆.
culinary
/ ˈkʌlɪnərɪ; US -nerɪ; ˋkjuləˏnɛrɪ/
: of or relating to the kitchen or cookery –culinarily \ˌkə-lə-‘ner-ə-lē, ˌkyü-, ˌkü-\ adverb
crook
(infml 口) person who is habitually dishonest 一贯耍花招的人; 行骗或行窃的老手: The crooks got away with (ie The criminals stole) most of the money. 那坏蛋把那笔钱的大部分都偷走了. * That used-car salesman is a real crook. 那个卖旧汽车的商人是个地地道道的骗子. bend or curve, eg in a river or path 弯曲; 弯子; （河流﹑ 道路等的）弯曲处: carry sth in the crook of one’s arm, ie on one’s arm, at the inside of the bent elbow 臂弯里挎着某物. (a) long stick with a rounded hook at one end, as used in former times by shepherds for catching sheep 一端有弯钩的长棍杖（如旧时牧羊人捕羊所用的）. (b) long staff similar to this, carried ceremonially by a bishop; crosier 主教举行仪式时手持的权杖（形如牧羊人之手杖）. (idm 习语) by hook or by crook by one means or another, no matter what happens 用种种方法; 千方百计.> crook v [Tn] bend (esp one’s finger or arm) 使（尤指手指或手臂）弯曲: She crooked her little finger as she drank her tea. 她喝茶时弯起小指头. crook adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (Austral infml 澳, 口) ill 有病: I’m feeling a bit crook. 我感到有点不适.crook-back n, adj (arch 古) hunch-back(ed) 驼背（的）.
crook-backed adj
crusade
/ kruːˈseɪd; kruˋsed/
any one of the military expeditions by the European Christian countries to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the Middle Ages 十字军（远征）.
~ (for/against sth); ~ (to do sth) any struggle or campaign for sth believed to be good, or against sth believed to be bad （为争取好的或反对坏的事物的）斗争或运动: a crusade against corruption 反腐化运动.
> crusade v [I, Ipr] ~ (for/against sth) take part in a crusade 参加十字军; 参与某种正义行动: crusading for fairer treatment of minorities 参与争取少数民族平等权利的运动. crusader n person taking part in a crusade 十字军战士; 某种正义行动的参与者.
crust
/ krʌst; krʌst/ n
(a) [C, U] hard outer surface of a loaf of bread; pastry covering of a pie, tart, etc 面包皮; 糕饼等的酥皮: a white loaf with a crisp brown crust 有焦皮的白面包 * Cut the crusts off when you make sandwiches. 做三明治时要把焦皮切掉. =>illus at bread 见bread之插图. (b) [C] (esp rhet 尤作修辞) slice of bread, esp a thin dry one 面包片（尤指薄而乾的）: (fig 比喻) He’d share his last crust with you, ie is very unselfish. 他就是剩下最後一片面包也会与你分享. [C, U] hard surface 硬的表面: a thin crust of ice, frozen snow, etc 薄薄的一层冰﹑ 冻结的雪等 * the Earth’s crust, ie the part nearest its surface 地壳. [C, U] hard deposit on the inside of a bottle of wine, esp old port （葡萄酒的）沉淀物. (idm 习语) the upper crust (infml or joc 口或谑) the highest social class 社会的最高阶层: belong to the upper crust 属於上流社会.
> crust v (phr v) crust over become covered with a crust 表层变硬: The surface of the liquid gradually crusted over. 液体表面渐渐地结了一层皮. crusted adj 1 [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (with sth) having a hardened covering; encrusted 有硬壳; 结壳: walls crusted with dirt 积满污垢的墙. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of port) blended from different vintages and matured in bottles （指红葡萄酒）由不同年份的葡萄酒混合装瓶使之醇和.
crutch
support in the form of a pole, placed under the armpit to help a lame person to walk（病人用的）拐杖: a pair of crutches 一副拐杖 * go about on crutches 撑着一副拐杖走来走去. =>illus 见插图. (fig 比喻) person or thing that provides help or support 提供帮助或支持的人或事物: He uses his wife as a kind of crutch because of his lack of confidence. 他缺乏自信心, 总把妻子当作主心骨. = crotch.
crux
/ krʌks; krʌks/
1 : a puzzling or difficult problem : an unsolved question 2 : an essential point requiring resolution or resolving an outcome 3 : a main or central feature (as of an argument)
cryptic
/ `krɪptɪk; ˋkrɪptɪk/
adj with a meaning that is hidden or not easily understood; mysterious 含有隐义的; 晦涩难懂的; 神秘的: a cryptic remark, message, smile, etc 令人困惑的言语﹑ 信息﹑ 微笑等.
> cryptically / -klɪ; -klɪ/ adv: `Yes and no,’ she replied cryptically. ‘又是又不是,’她神乎其神地回答说.
cubicle
1 : a sleeping compartment partitioned off from a large room 2 a : a small partitioned space especially : one with a desk used for work in a business office b : CARREL
cue
~ (for sth/to do sth) thing said or done to signal sb’s turn to say or do sth, esp in a theatrical or other performance 提示, 暗示（尤指戏剧等演出中对某人起暗示作用的道白或动作）: Actors have to learn their cues (ie the last words of the speeches just before their own speeches) as well as their own lines. 演员不仅要记住台词, 还要记住其他演员的暗示. * When I nod my head, that’s your cue to interrupt the meeting. 我一点头, 就是暗示你把会议中断. * (fig 比喻) And they all lived happily ever afterwards which sounds like the cue (ie an appropriate moment) for a song. 从此以後他们全都过上了幸福的生活–这句话听起来像是舞台提示, 说完就开始唱歌. example of how to behave, what to do, etc （行为﹑ 行动等的）榜样: take one’s cue from sb, ie be guided by the way sb does sth 照某人的样子去做 * Follow her cue, and one day you’ll be a great scholar. 你以她为榜样, 总有一天会成为博学之士. (idm 习语) (right) on cue at exactly the appropriate or expected moment 就在这时候: He said she would be back very soon and, right on cue, she walked in. 他说她很快就回来, 说着说着, 她走进来了.> cue v (pres p cueing) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (in) give a cue to sb (to do sth) 提示, 暗示某人（做某事）: I’ll cue you in (ie give you a signal to start) by nodding my head. 我一点头, 你就开始.
taper
n length of wax-covered thread like a very thin candle burned to give light or to light other candles, etc 蜡捻子, 细蜡烛（点燃後用以照明或引火）: put a taper to the fire 用蜡捻儿引火.
taper 2
/ ˈteɪpə(r); ˋtepɚ/ v [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (off) (to sth) become or make (sth) gradually narrower 逐渐变窄; 使（某物）逐渐变窄: tapering at the ends 末端渐窄 * a blade that tapers off to a fine point 缩窄成细尖的叶片 * The trouser legs are slightly tapered. 裤腿逐渐向里收窄了一些. Cf 参看 flare2. [Ip, Tn.p] ~ (sth) off (cause sth to) become less in amount, etc or to cease gradually （使某物）变少, 变小; （使某物）逐渐终止: The number of applicants for the course has been tapering off recently. 申请上该课程的人近来已逐渐减少. * taper off production 逐渐停产.> taper n (usu sing 通常作单数) gradual narrowing of a long object （长形物体的）逐渐变窄: trousers with a slight taper 裤脚稍瘦进一些的长裤.
cuisine
/ kwɪˈziːn; kwɪˋzin/
n [U] (French 法) (style of) cooking 烹饪（风味）: French, Italian, etc cuisine 法国﹑ 意大利菜 * a restaurant where the cuisine is excellent 饭菜精美的餐馆.
culinary
/ ˈkʌlɪnərɪ; US -nerɪ; ˋkjuləˏnɛrɪ/
: of or relating to the kitchen or cookery –culinarily \ˌkə-lə-‘ner-ə-lē, ˌkyü-, ˌkü-\ adverb
culpable
/ ˈkʌlpəbl; ˋkʌlpəbl/
1 archaic : GUILTY, CRIMINAL 2 : meriting condemnation or blame especially as wrong or harmful
culminate
intransitive verb 1 of a celestial body : to reach its highest altitude also : to be directly overhead 2 a : to rise to or form a summit b : to reach the highest or a climactic or decisive point
a long struggle that culminated in success 终於取得胜利的长期斗争 * Her career culminated in her appointment as director. 她一生事业的顶峰是当上了董事. * a series of border clashes which culminated in full-scale war 导致全面战争的一连串的边界冲突事件.transitive verb : to bring to a head or to the highest point
cult
1 : formal religious veneration : WORSHIP 2 : a system of religious beliefs and ritual also : its body of adherents 3 : a religion regarded as unorthodox or spurious also : its body of adherents 4 : a system for the cure of disease based on dogma set forth by its promulgator 5 a : great devotion to a person, idea, object, movement, or work (as a film or book) especially : such devotion regarded as a literary or intellectual fad b : the object of such devotion c : a usually small group of people characterized by such devotion
cultivate
1 : to prepare or prepare and use for the raising of crops also : to loosen or break up the soil about (growing plants) 2 a : to foster the growth of b : CULTURE 2A c : to improve by labor, care, or study : REFINE 3 : FURTHER, ENCOURAGE 4 : to seek the society of : make friends with You must cultivate people who can help you in business. 你得结交在业务上对你有用的人.–cultivatable \-ˌvā-tə-bəl\ adjective cultivated adj (of people, manners, etc) having or showing good taste and refinement （指人﹑ 态度等）趣味高雅的, 有修养的.cultivation / ˏkʌltɪˈveɪʃn; ˏkʌltəˋveʃən/ n [U] cultivating (cultivate 1) or being cultivated 耕作; 耕种: the cultivation of the soil 耕作 * land that is under cultivation, ie is being cultivated 耕种的土地 * bring land into cultivation 开垦荒地.cultivator / ˈkʌltɪveɪtə(r); ˋkʌltəˏvetɚ/ n 1 machine for breaking up soil, destroying weeds, etc 耕耘机. 2 person who cultivates (cultivate
cumber
1 archaic : TROUBLE, HARASS 2 a : to hinder or encumber by being in the way b : to clutter up
encumber
1 : WEIGH DOWN, BURDEN 2 : to impede or hamper the function or activity of : HINDER 3 : to burden with a legal claim (as a mortgage)
encumbrance / ɪnˈkʌbrəns; ɪnˋkʌmbrəns/ n [C] person or thing that encumbers 防碍者; 障碍物; 累赘; 负担
cumbersome
1 dialect : BURDENSOME, TROUBLESOME 2 : unwieldy because of heaviness and bulk 3 : slow-moving : PONDEROUS
cunning
1 : dexterous or crafty in the use of special resources (as skill or knowledge) or in attaining an end <a> a cunning device for cracking nuts 打开坚果用的巧妙器械.2 : displaying keen insight <a> 3 : characterized by wiliness and trickery He’s a cunning old fox. 他是诡计多端的老狐狸.4 : prettily appealing : CUTE <a> cunning baby, kitten, etc 逗人爱的婴儿﹑ 小猫等.
n.1 obsolete a : KNOWLEDGE, LEARNING b : magic art 2 : dexterous skill and subtlety (as in inventing, devising, or executing) When he couldn’t get what he wanted openly and honestly, he resorted to low cunning. 他用光明正大的方法得不到的东西, 就采取卑鄙的欺诈手段.3 : CRAFT, SLYNESS</a></a></a>
gull
gull 1
1 / gʌl; ɡʌl/ (also `seagull) n any of several types of large long-winged sea-bird with usu white and grey or black feathers 鸥. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page v. gull 2
/ gʌl; ɡʌl/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into/out of sth) (arch 古) cheat sb (so that he has to do or give up sth); deceive sb 欺骗某人（以使其不得不做或放弃某事物）; 欺诈某人.
> gull n (arch 古) person who is easily deceived; simpleton 易受欺骗的人; 笨人; 傻子.
curdle
/ ‘kɜ:dl; ˋkədl/
v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) form into curds （使某物）结成凝乳: The milk has curdled, ie become sour. 牛奶凝结了（变酸了）. * Lemon juice curdles milk. 柠檬汁可使牛奶结成凝乳. * (fig 比喻) a scream which was enough to curdle one’s blood/make one’s blood curdle, ie fill one with horror 让人心惊胆战的尖叫声.
cursory
/ `kɜ:sərɪ; ˋkəsərɪ/
adj (often derog 常作贬义) done quickly and not thoroughly; (too) hurried 粗略的; 草率的; 仓促的: a cursory glance, look, inspection, etc 匆匆的一瞥﹑ 粗略的一看﹑ 草草的检查等 * He put aside the papers after a cursory study. 他把文件稍一过目就放到一边了. > cursorily / ‘kɜ:sərəlɪ; ˋkəsərəlɪ/ adv.
cutlery
1 : the business of a cutler
2 : edged or cutting tools specifically : implements for cutting and eating food
curt
1 a : sparing of words : TERSE b : marked by rude or peremptory shortness : BRUSQUE <a> 2 : shortened in linear dimension</a>
BLUFF, BLUNT, BRUSQUE, CURT, CRUSTY, GRUFF
mean abrupt and unceremonious in speech and manner. BLUFF connotes good-natured outspokenness and unconventionality <a>. BLUNT suggests directness of expression in disregard of others’ feelings <a>. BRUSQUE applies to a sharpness or ungraciousness <a>. CURT implies disconcerting shortness or rude conciseness <a>. CRUSTY suggests a harsh or surly manner sometimes concealing an inner kindliness <a>. GRUFF suggests a hoarse or husky speech which may imply bad temper but more often implies embarrassment or shyness .</a></a></a></a></a>
cylinder
/ ˈsɪlɪndə(r); ˋsɪlɪndɚ/
(a) (geometry 几) solid or hollow curved body with circular ends and straight sides 圆柱, （圆）柱体（实心或空心）; 柱面. =>illus at cube 见cube之插图. (b) thing shaped like this 圆柱状物: The string is wound round a cardboard cylinder. 线缠绕在纸筒上. * the cylinder of a revolver, ie the part in which the cartridges are placed 左轮手枪的旋转弹膛. cylinder-shaped hollow part inside which the piston moves in an engine （发动机的）汽缸: a six-cylinder engine/car 六缸发动机[六缸发动机汽车]. =>illus at piston 见piston之插图. (idm 习语) working/firing on all cylinders (infml 口) (operating) with full power or effort 开足马力; 竭尽全力: The office is working on all cylinders to get the job finished. 办公室人员正在竭尽全力争取把这工作干完.> cylindrical / sɪˈlɪndrɪkl; sɪˋlɪndrɪkl/ adj cylinder-shaped 圆柱形的; 圆筒状的.cylinder block part of an engine that contains the cylinders (cylinder2) 汽缸体; 汽缸组.cylinder head removable part that fits onto the top of a cylinder block 汽缸盖.
dabble
/ ˈdæbl; ˋdæbl/
transitive verb : to wet by splashing or by little dips or strokes : SPATTER intransitive verb 1 a : to paddle, splash, or play in or as if in water b : to reach with the bill to the bottom of shallow water in order to obtain food 2 : to work or involve oneself superficially or intermittently especially in a secondary activity or interest
daft
/ dɑːft; US dæft; dæft/
adj (-er, -est) (infml 口) foolish; silly 傻的; 愚蠢的: Don’t be so daft! 别那麽傻了! * He’s gone a bit daft (in the head), ie He has become slightly insane. 他（头脑）有些发痴. > daftness n [U].
daguerreotype
/ dəˈgerətaɪp; dəˋɡɛrəˏtaɪp/
n early type of photograph using a chemically treated plate （早期的）银板照相.
dainty
/ ˈdeɪntɪ; ˋdentɪ/
adj (-ier, -iest)
(of things) small and pretty （指物）小巧的, 精致的: dainty porcelain, lace, etc 小巧精致的瓷器﹑ 花边等.
(a) (of people) neat and delicate(2) in build or movement （指人）（体形或举止）娇美的, 秀丽的, 优美的: a dainty child 娇小玲珑的孩子. (b) (of people) having refined taste1(5) and manners; fastidious, esp about food （指人）讲究的, （尤指对食物）挑剔的: a dainty eater 饮食讲究的人.
having a pleasant taste; delicious 可口的; 美味的: a dainty morsel 美味的少量食物.
> daintily adv in a dainty way 优美地; 精致地; 娇美地; 讲究地: a daintily dressed doll 服饰精美的娃娃.
daintiness n [U].
dainty (usu pl 通常作复数) n small tasty piece of food, esp a small cake 量少而味美的食物; （尤指）小点心.
finicky
/ ˈfɪnɪkɪ; ˋfɪnɪkɪ/
1 : extremely or excessively particular, exacting, or meticulous in taste or standards <a> 2 : requiring much care, precision, or attentive effort <a> –fin·ick·i·ness noun</a></a>
morsel
/ ˈmɔːsl; ˋmɔrsl/
n ~ (of sth) small amount or piece of sth, esp food 少量, 一小块（尤指食物）: a tasty/dainty/choice morsel of food 一点美味的[可口的/精选的]食物 * not have a morsel of common sense 毫无常识.
damp
/ dæmp; dæmp/
adj (-er, -est) not completely dry; slightly wet 不完全乾燥的; 潮湿的: damp clothes 潮湿的衣服 * a damp surface 潮湿的表面 * Don’t sleep between damp sheets. 睡觉时不要用潮湿的被褥. (idm 习语) a damp squib (infml 口) event, etc that is much less impressive than expected 未达预期效果的事等: The party was a bit of a damp squib. 这次聚会有些扫兴.> damp n [U] 1 state of being damp 潮湿: Air the clothes to get the damp out. 晾晾衣服以驱潮气. * Don’t stay outside in the damp, ie in the damp atmosphere. 外面潮湿, 不要待在外面. 2 = fire-damp (fire1).damply adv.dampness n [U].damp-proof course (also `damp course) layer of material near the bottom of a wall to stop damp rising from the ground 防湿层（在墙基处阻止湿气由地面上升的一层建筑材料）.damp 2
/ dæmp; dæmp/ v [Tn] = dampen 1. [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (down) (a) reduce (noise, etc) 减低（声音等）: Soft material damps down vibrations. 柔软的材料可防震. (b) make (sth) less strong; restrain 使（某物）减弱; 抑制: damp (down) sb’s spirits, energy, ardour, etc 打击某人的情绪﹑ 干劲﹑ 热情等. (phr v) damp sth down cause sth to burn more slowly (by adding ash, etc or reducing the flow of air) 使某物燃烧缓慢（加入灰等或减弱气流）: We damped the fire down before we went to bed. 我们临睡觉前封好了火.
stanch
1 : to check or stop the flowing of also : to stop the flow of blood from (a wound) ex：stanch the bleeding 止血.2 archaic : ALLAY, EXTINGUISH 3 a : to stop or check in its course b : to make watertight : stop up –stancher noun
adj.1 a : WATERTIGHT, SOUND b : strongly built : SUBSTANTIAL 2 : steadfast in loyalty or principle <a></a>
dapper
1 a : neat and trim in appearance b : very spruce and stylish 2 : alert and lively in movement and manners
What a dapper little man! 好一个短小精悍的人!
–dapperly adverb –dapperness noun
dapple
1 : any of numerous usually cloudy and rounded spots or patches of a color or shade different from their background 2 : the quality or state of being dappled 3 : a dappled animal
v.transitive verb : to mark with dapples intransitive verb : to produce a dappled pattern
daredevil
adj.recklessly and often ostentatiously daring
deaden
v.transitive verb 1 : to impair in vigor or sensation : BLUNT 2 a : to deprive of brilliance b : to make vapid or spiritless c : to make (as a wall) impervious to sound
Unhappiness had deadened her to the lives of others. 她遭遇不幸, 因而对别人的生活也无动於衷.3 : to deprive of life : KILL intransitive verb : to become dead : lose life or vigor –deadener 'ded-nər, -dən-ər\ noun –deadeningly -niŋ-lē, -dən-iŋ-\ adverb
dearth
1 : scarcity that makes dear specifically : FAMINE 2 : an inadequate supply : LACK <a></a>
debacle
/ deɪˈbɑːkl; deˋbɑkl/
1 : a tumultuous breakup of ice in a river 2 : a violent disruption (as of an army) : ROUT 3 a : a great disaster b : a complete failure : FIASCO
crook
(infml 口) person who is habitually dishonest 一贯耍花招的人; 行骗或行窃的老手: The crooks got away with (ie The criminals stole) most of the money. 那坏蛋把那笔钱的大部分都偷走了. * That used-car salesman is a real crook. 那个卖旧汽车的商人是个地地道道的骗子. bend or curve, eg in a river or path 弯曲; 弯子; （河流﹑ 道路等的）弯曲处: carry sth in the crook of one’s arm, ie on one’s arm, at the inside of the bent elbow 臂弯里挎着某物. (a) long stick with a rounded hook at one end, as used in former times by shepherds for catching sheep 一端有弯钩的长棍杖（如旧时牧羊人捕羊所用的）. (b) long staff similar to this, carried ceremonially by a bishop; crosier 主教举行仪式时手持的权杖（形如牧羊人之手杖）. (idm 习语) by hook or by crook by one means or another, no matter what happens 用种种方法; 千方百计.> crook v [Tn] bend (esp one’s finger or arm) 使（尤指手指或手臂）弯曲: She crooked her little finger as she drank her tea. 她喝茶时弯起小指头. crook adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (Austral infml 澳, 口) ill 有病: I’m feeling a bit crook. 我感到有点不适.crook-back n, adj (arch 古) hunch-back(ed) 驼背（的）.
crook-backed adj
crusade
/ kruːˈseɪd; kruˋsed/
any one of the military expeditions by the European Christian countries to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the Middle Ages 十字军（远征）.
~ (for/against sth); ~ (to do sth) any struggle or campaign for sth believed to be good, or against sth believed to be bad （为争取好的或反对坏的事物的）斗争或运动: a crusade against corruption 反腐化运动.
> crusade v [I, Ipr] ~ (for/against sth) take part in a crusade 参加十字军; 参与某种正义行动: crusading for fairer treatment of minorities 参与争取少数民族平等权利的运动. crusader n person taking part in a crusade 十字军战士; 某种正义行动的参与者.
crust
/ krʌst; krʌst/ n
(a) [C, U] hard outer surface of a loaf of bread; pastry covering of a pie, tart, etc 面包皮; 糕饼等的酥皮: a white loaf with a crisp brown crust 有焦皮的白面包 * Cut the crusts off when you make sandwiches. 做三明治时要把焦皮切掉. =>illus at bread 见bread之插图. (b) [C] (esp rhet 尤作修辞) slice of bread, esp a thin dry one 面包片（尤指薄而乾的）: (fig 比喻) He’d share his last crust with you, ie is very unselfish. 他就是剩下最後一片面包也会与你分享. [C, U] hard surface 硬的表面: a thin crust of ice, frozen snow, etc 薄薄的一层冰﹑ 冻结的雪等 * the Earth’s crust, ie the part nearest its surface 地壳. [C, U] hard deposit on the inside of a bottle of wine, esp old port （葡萄酒的）沉淀物. (idm 习语) the upper crust (infml or joc 口或谑) the highest social class 社会的最高阶层: belong to the upper crust 属於上流社会.
> crust v (phr v) crust over become covered with a crust 表层变硬: The surface of the liquid gradually crusted over. 液体表面渐渐地结了一层皮. crusted adj 1 [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (with sth) having a hardened covering; encrusted 有硬壳; 结壳: walls crusted with dirt 积满污垢的墙. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of port) blended from different vintages and matured in bottles （指红葡萄酒）由不同年份的葡萄酒混合装瓶使之醇和.
crutch
support in the form of a pole, placed under the armpit to help a lame person to walk（病人用的）拐杖: a pair of crutches 一副拐杖 * go about on crutches 撑着一副拐杖走来走去. =>illus 见插图. (fig 比喻) person or thing that provides help or support 提供帮助或支持的人或事物: He uses his wife as a kind of crutch because of his lack of confidence. 他缺乏自信心, 总把妻子当作主心骨. = crotch.
crux
/ krʌks; krʌks/
1 : a puzzling or difficult problem : an unsolved question 2 : an essential point requiring resolution or resolving an outcome 3 : a main or central feature (as of an argument)
cryptic
/ `krɪptɪk; ˋkrɪptɪk/
adj with a meaning that is hidden or not easily understood; mysterious 含有隐义的; 晦涩难懂的; 神秘的: a cryptic remark, message, smile, etc 令人困惑的言语﹑ 信息﹑ 微笑等.
> cryptically / -klɪ; -klɪ/ adv: `Yes and no,’ she replied cryptically. ‘又是又不是,’她神乎其神地回答说.
cubicle
1 : a sleeping compartment partitioned off from a large room 2 a : a small partitioned space especially : one with a desk used for work in a business office b : CARREL
cue
~ (for sth/to do sth) thing said or done to signal sb’s turn to say or do sth, esp in a theatrical or other performance 提示, 暗示（尤指戏剧等演出中对某人起暗示作用的道白或动作）: Actors have to learn their cues (ie the last words of the speeches just before their own speeches) as well as their own lines. 演员不仅要记住台词, 还要记住其他演员的暗示. * When I nod my head, that’s your cue to interrupt the meeting. 我一点头, 就是暗示你把会议中断. * (fig 比喻) And they all lived happily ever afterwards which sounds like the cue (ie an appropriate moment) for a song. 从此以後他们全都过上了幸福的生活–这句话听起来像是舞台提示, 说完就开始唱歌. example of how to behave, what to do, etc （行为﹑ 行动等的）榜样: take one’s cue from sb, ie be guided by the way sb does sth 照某人的样子去做 * Follow her cue, and one day you’ll be a great scholar. 你以她为榜样, 总有一天会成为博学之士. (idm 习语) (right) on cue at exactly the appropriate or expected moment 就在这时候: He said she would be back very soon and, right on cue, she walked in. 他说她很快就回来, 说着说着, 她走进来了.> cue v (pres p cueing) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (in) give a cue to sb (to do sth) 提示, 暗示某人（做某事）: I’ll cue you in (ie give you a signal to start) by nodding my head. 我一点头, 你就开始.
taper
n length of wax-covered thread like a very thin candle burned to give light or to light other candles, etc 蜡捻子, 细蜡烛（点燃後用以照明或引火）: put a taper to the fire 用蜡捻儿引火.
taper 2
/ ˈteɪpə(r); ˋtepɚ/ v [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (off) (to sth) become or make (sth) gradually narrower 逐渐变窄; 使（某物）逐渐变窄: tapering at the ends 末端渐窄 * a blade that tapers off to a fine point 缩窄成细尖的叶片 * The trouser legs are slightly tapered. 裤腿逐渐向里收窄了一些. Cf 参看 flare2. [Ip, Tn.p] ~ (sth) off (cause sth to) become less in amount, etc or to cease gradually （使某物）变少, 变小; （使某物）逐渐终止: The number of applicants for the course has been tapering off recently. 申请上该课程的人近来已逐渐减少. * taper off production 逐渐停产.> taper n (usu sing 通常作单数) gradual narrowing of a long object （长形物体的）逐渐变窄: trousers with a slight taper 裤脚稍瘦进一些的长裤.
cuisine
/ kwɪˈziːn; kwɪˋzin/
n [U] (French 法) (style of) cooking 烹饪（风味）: French, Italian, etc cuisine 法国﹑ 意大利菜 * a restaurant where the cuisine is excellent 饭菜精美的餐馆.
culinary
/ ˈkʌlɪnərɪ; US -nerɪ; ˋkjuləˏnɛrɪ/
: of or relating to the kitchen or cookery –culinarily \ˌkə-lə-‘ner-ə-lē, ˌkyü-, ˌkü-\ adverb
culpable
/ ˈkʌlpəbl; ˋkʌlpəbl/
1 archaic : GUILTY, CRIMINAL 2 : meriting condemnation or blame especially as wrong or harmful
culminate
intransitive verb 1 of a celestial body : to reach its highest altitude also : to be directly overhead 2 a : to rise to or form a summit b : to reach the highest or a climactic or decisive point
a long struggle that culminated in success 终於取得胜利的长期斗争 * Her career culminated in her appointment as director. 她一生事业的顶峰是当上了董事. * a series of border clashes which culminated in full-scale war 导致全面战争的一连串的边界冲突事件.transitive verb : to bring to a head or to the highest point
cult
1 : formal religious veneration : WORSHIP 2 : a system of religious beliefs and ritual also : its body of adherents 3 : a religion regarded as unorthodox or spurious also : its body of adherents 4 : a system for the cure of disease based on dogma set forth by its promulgator 5 a : great devotion to a person, idea, object, movement, or work (as a film or book) especially : such devotion regarded as a literary or intellectual fad b : the object of such devotion c : a usually small group of people characterized by such devotion
cultivate
1 : to prepare or prepare and use for the raising of crops also : to loosen or break up the soil about (growing plants) 2 a : to foster the growth of b : CULTURE 2A c : to improve by labor, care, or study : REFINE 3 : FURTHER, ENCOURAGE 4 : to seek the society of : make friends with You must cultivate people who can help you in business. 你得结交在业务上对你有用的人.–cultivatable \-ˌvā-tə-bəl\ adjective cultivated adj (of people, manners, etc) having or showing good taste and refinement （指人﹑ 态度等）趣味高雅的, 有修养的.cultivation / ˏkʌltɪˈveɪʃn; ˏkʌltəˋveʃən/ n [U] cultivating (cultivate 1) or being cultivated 耕作; 耕种: the cultivation of the soil 耕作 * land that is under cultivation, ie is being cultivated 耕种的土地 * bring land into cultivation 开垦荒地.cultivator / ˈkʌltɪveɪtə(r); ˋkʌltəˏvetɚ/ n 1 machine for breaking up soil, destroying weeds, etc 耕耘机. 2 person who cultivates (cultivate
cumber
1 archaic : TROUBLE, HARASS 2 a : to hinder or encumber by being in the way b : to clutter up
encumber
1 : WEIGH DOWN, BURDEN 2 : to impede or hamper the function or activity of : HINDER 3 : to burden with a legal claim (as a mortgage)
encumbrance / ɪnˈkʌbrəns; ɪnˋkʌmbrəns/ n [C] person or thing that encumbers 防碍者; 障碍物; 累赘; 负担
cumbersome
1 dialect : BURDENSOME, TROUBLESOME 2 : unwieldy because of heaviness and bulk 3 : slow-moving : PONDEROUS
cunning
1 : dexterous or crafty in the use of special resources (as skill or knowledge) or in attaining an end <a> a cunning device for cracking nuts 打开坚果用的巧妙器械.2 : displaying keen insight <a> 3 : characterized by wiliness and trickery He’s a cunning old fox. 他是诡计多端的老狐狸.4 : prettily appealing : CUTE <a> cunning baby, kitten, etc 逗人爱的婴儿﹑ 小猫等.
n.1 obsolete a : KNOWLEDGE, LEARNING b : magic art 2 : dexterous skill and subtlety (as in inventing, devising, or executing) When he couldn’t get what he wanted openly and honestly, he resorted to low cunning. 他用光明正大的方法得不到的东西, 就采取卑鄙的欺诈手段.3 : CRAFT, SLYNESS</a></a></a>
gull
gull 1
1 / gʌl; ɡʌl/ (also `seagull) n any of several types of large long-winged sea-bird with usu white and grey or black feathers 鸥. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page v. gull 2
/ gʌl; ɡʌl/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into/out of sth) (arch 古) cheat sb (so that he has to do or give up sth); deceive sb 欺骗某人（以使其不得不做或放弃某事物）; 欺诈某人.
> gull n (arch 古) person who is easily deceived; simpleton 易受欺骗的人; 笨人; 傻子.
curdle
/ ‘kɜ:dl; ˋkədl/
v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) form into curds （使某物）结成凝乳: The milk has curdled, ie become sour. 牛奶凝结了（变酸了）. * Lemon juice curdles milk. 柠檬汁可使牛奶结成凝乳. * (fig 比喻) a scream which was enough to curdle one’s blood/make one’s blood curdle, ie fill one with horror 让人心惊胆战的尖叫声.
cursory
/ `kɜ:sərɪ; ˋkəsərɪ/
adj (often derog 常作贬义) done quickly and not thoroughly; (too) hurried 粗略的; 草率的; 仓促的: a cursory glance, look, inspection, etc 匆匆的一瞥﹑ 粗略的一看﹑ 草草的检查等 * He put aside the papers after a cursory study. 他把文件稍一过目就放到一边了. > cursorily / ‘kɜ:sərəlɪ; ˋkəsərəlɪ/ adv.
cutlery
1 : the business of a cutler
2 : edged or cutting tools specifically : implements for cutting and eating food
curt
1 a : sparing of words : TERSE b : marked by rude or peremptory shortness : BRUSQUE <a> 2 : shortened in linear dimension</a>
BLUFF, BLUNT, BRUSQUE, CURT, CRUSTY, GRUFF
mean abrupt and unceremonious in speech and manner. BLUFF connotes good-natured outspokenness and unconventionality <a>. BLUNT suggests directness of expression in disregard of others’ feelings <a>. BRUSQUE applies to a sharpness or ungraciousness <a>. CURT implies disconcerting shortness or rude conciseness <a>. CRUSTY suggests a harsh or surly manner sometimes concealing an inner kindliness <a>. GRUFF suggests a hoarse or husky speech which may imply bad temper but more often implies embarrassment or shyness .</a></a></a></a></a>
cylinder
/ ˈsɪlɪndə(r); ˋsɪlɪndɚ/
(a) (geometry 几) solid or hollow curved body with circular ends and straight sides 圆柱, （圆）柱体（实心或空心）; 柱面. =>illus at cube 见cube之插图. (b) thing shaped like this 圆柱状物: The string is wound round a cardboard cylinder. 线缠绕在纸筒上. * the cylinder of a revolver, ie the part in which the cartridges are placed 左轮手枪的旋转弹膛. cylinder-shaped hollow part inside which the piston moves in an engine （发动机的）汽缸: a six-cylinder engine/car 六缸发动机[六缸发动机汽车]. =>illus at piston 见piston之插图. (idm 习语) working/firing on all cylinders (infml 口) (operating) with full power or effort 开足马力; 竭尽全力: The office is working on all cylinders to get the job finished. 办公室人员正在竭尽全力争取把这工作干完.> cylindrical / sɪˈlɪndrɪkl; sɪˋlɪndrɪkl/ adj cylinder-shaped 圆柱形的; 圆筒状的.cylinder block part of an engine that contains the cylinders (cylinder2) 汽缸体; 汽缸组.cylinder head removable part that fits onto the top of a cylinder block 汽缸盖.
dabble
/ ˈdæbl; ˋdæbl/
transitive verb : to wet by splashing or by little dips or strokes : SPATTER intransitive verb 1 a : to paddle, splash, or play in or as if in water b : to reach with the bill to the bottom of shallow water in order to obtain food 2 : to work or involve oneself superficially or intermittently especially in a secondary activity or interest
daft
/ dɑːft; US dæft; dæft/
adj (-er, -est) (infml 口) foolish; silly 傻的; 愚蠢的: Don’t be so daft! 别那麽傻了! * He’s gone a bit daft (in the head), ie He has become slightly insane. 他（头脑）有些发痴. > daftness n [U].
daguerreotype
/ dəˈgerətaɪp; dəˋɡɛrəˏtaɪp/
n early type of photograph using a chemically treated plate （早期的）银板照相.
dainty
/ ˈdeɪntɪ; ˋdentɪ/
adj (-ier, -iest)
(of things) small and pretty （指物）小巧的, 精致的: dainty porcelain, lace, etc 小巧精致的瓷器﹑ 花边等.
(a) (of people) neat and delicate(2) in build or movement （指人）（体形或举止）娇美的, 秀丽的, 优美的: a dainty child 娇小玲珑的孩子. (b) (of people) having refined taste1(5) and manners; fastidious, esp about food （指人）讲究的, （尤指对食物）挑剔的: a dainty eater 饮食讲究的人.
having a pleasant taste; delicious 可口的; 美味的: a dainty morsel 美味的少量食物.
> daintily adv in a dainty way 优美地; 精致地; 娇美地; 讲究地: a daintily dressed doll 服饰精美的娃娃.
daintiness n [U].
dainty (usu pl 通常作复数) n small tasty piece of food, esp a small cake 量少而味美的食物; （尤指）小点心.
finicky
/ ˈfɪnɪkɪ; ˋfɪnɪkɪ/
1 : extremely or excessively particular, exacting, or meticulous in taste or standards <a> 2 : requiring much care, precision, or attentive effort <a> –fin·ick·i·ness noun</a></a>
morsel
/ ˈmɔːsl; ˋmɔrsl/
n ~ (of sth) small amount or piece of sth, esp food 少量, 一小块（尤指食物）: a tasty/dainty/choice morsel of food 一点美味的[可口的/精选的]食物 * not have a morsel of common sense 毫无常识.
damp
/ dæmp; dæmp/
adj (-er, -est) not completely dry; slightly wet 不完全乾燥的; 潮湿的: damp clothes 潮湿的衣服 * a damp surface 潮湿的表面 * Don’t sleep between damp sheets. 睡觉时不要用潮湿的被褥. (idm 习语) a damp squib (infml 口) event, etc that is much less impressive than expected 未达预期效果的事等: The party was a bit of a damp squib. 这次聚会有些扫兴.> damp n [U] 1 state of being damp 潮湿: Air the clothes to get the damp out. 晾晾衣服以驱潮气. * Don’t stay outside in the damp, ie in the damp atmosphere. 外面潮湿, 不要待在外面. 2 = fire-damp (fire1).damply adv.dampness n [U].damp-proof course (also `damp course) layer of material near the bottom of a wall to stop damp rising from the ground 防湿层（在墙基处阻止湿气由地面上升的一层建筑材料）.damp 2
/ dæmp; dæmp/ v [Tn] = dampen 1. [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (down) (a) reduce (noise, etc) 减低（声音等）: Soft material damps down vibrations. 柔软的材料可防震. (b) make (sth) less strong; restrain 使（某物）减弱; 抑制: damp (down) sb’s spirits, energy, ardour, etc 打击某人的情绪﹑ 干劲﹑ 热情等. (phr v) damp sth down cause sth to burn more slowly (by adding ash, etc or reducing the flow of air) 使某物燃烧缓慢（加入灰等或减弱气流）: We damped the fire down before we went to bed. 我们临睡觉前封好了火.
stanch
1 : to check or stop the flowing of also : to stop the flow of blood from (a wound) ex：stanch the bleeding 止血.2 archaic : ALLAY, EXTINGUISH 3 a : to stop or check in its course b : to make watertight : stop up –stancher noun
adj.1 a : WATERTIGHT, SOUND b : strongly built : SUBSTANTIAL 2 : steadfast in loyalty or principle <a></a>
dapper
1 a : neat and trim in appearance b : very spruce and stylish 2 : alert and lively in movement and manners
What a dapper little man! 好一个短小精悍的人!
–dapperly adverb –dapperness noun
dapple
1 : any of numerous usually cloudy and rounded spots or patches of a color or shade different from their background 2 : the quality or state of being dappled 3 : a dappled animal
v.transitive verb : to mark with dapples intransitive verb : to produce a dappled pattern
daredevil
adj.recklessly and often ostentatiously daring
deaden
v.transitive verb 1 : to impair in vigor or sensation : BLUNT 2 a : to deprive of brilliance b : to make vapid or spiritless c : to make (as a wall) impervious to sound
Unhappiness had deadened her to the lives of others. 她遭遇不幸, 因而对别人的生活也无动於衷.3 : to deprive of life : KILL intransitive verb : to become dead : lose life or vigor –deadener 'ded-nər, -dən-ər\ noun –deadeningly -niŋ-lē, -dən-iŋ-\ adverb
dearth
1 : scarcity that makes dear specifically : FAMINE 2 : an inadequate supply : LACK <a></a>
debacle
/ deɪˈbɑːkl; deˋbɑkl/
1 : a tumultuous breakup of ice in a river 2 : a violent disruption (as of an army) : ROUT 3 a : a great disaster b : a complete failure : FIASCO
disembark
/ ˏdɪsɪmˈbɑːk; ˏdɪsɪmˋbɑrk/
v (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (of people) leave a ship or an aircraft （指人）离船或下飞机等: disembark from a ferry 离渡船上岸. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) cause (people or goods) to leave a ship or an aircraft 使（人）离船或下飞机等; 从船上或飞机上卸下（货物）: disembark passengers from the plane 让乘客下飞机. > disembarkation / ˏdɪsembɑːˈkeɪʃn; ˏdɪsɛmbɑrˋkeʃən/ (also debarkation) n [U]: After disembarkation, we went through passport control. 我们下了飞机, 接受护照检查.
debouch
/ dɪˈbautʃ; dɪˋbaʊtʃ/
v.transitive verb : to cause to emerge : DISCHARGE intransitive verb 1 : to march out into open ground 2 : EMERGE, ISSUE
debunk
/ ˏdiːˈbʌŋk; diˋbʌŋk/ v
: to expose the sham or falseness of debunk fashionable opinions 指出流行一时的说法的不是.–debunker noun
debut
/ ˈdeɪbjuː; US dɪˈbjuː; dɪˋbju/
n first appearance in public as a performer (on stage, etc) 演员首次（登台等）演出: He marked his debut by beating the champion. 他初次上阵即击败了冠军而一鸣惊人. * She’s making her New York debut at Carnegie Hall. 她在卡内基音乐堂举行她在纽约的首次演出.
deciduous
1 : falling off or shed seasonally or at a certain stage of development in the life cycle 2 a : having deciduous parts b : having the dominant plants deciduous <a> 3 : EPHEMERAL –deciduousness noun</a>
declaim
/ dɪˈkleɪm; dɪˋklem/ v
intransitive verb 1 : to speak rhetorically specifically : to recite something as an exercise in elocution 2 : to speak pompously or bombastically : HARANGUE transitive verb : to deliver rhetorically specifically : to recite in elocution –declaimer noun –declamation \ˌde-klə-‘mā-shən\ noun
A preacher stood declaiming in the town centre. 传教士站在市镇中心慷慨陈词. * He declaims his poetry
~ against sb/sth attack sb/sth in words 抨击某人[某事物]: She wrote a book declaiming against our corrupt society. 她写了一本书抨击我们这腐败的社会.
declamatory / dɪˈklmətərɪ; US -tɔːrɪ; dɪˋklæmə-ˏtɔrɪ/ adj formal and rhetorical; (spoken) with great feeling 正式的及遣词讲究的; （说话）慷慨激昂的: her high-flown declamatory style 她的夸张而雄辩的风格.
decompose
transitive verb 1 : to separate into constituent parts or elements or into simpler compounds 2 : ROT intransitive verb : to break up into constituent parts by or as if by a chemical process : DECAY, ROT synonyms see DECAY –decomposability -ˌpō-zə-‘bi-lə-tē\ noun –decomposable -‘pō-zə-bəl\ adjective –decomposition (ˌ)dē-ˌkäm-pə-‘zi-shən\ noun
decorum
/ dɪˈkɔːrəm; dɪˋkɔrəm/
1 : literary and dramatic propriety : FITNESS 2 : propriety and good taste in conduct or appearance
In the presence of elderly visitors our son was a model of decorum. 我们的儿子在来访的长辈面前彬彬有礼.3 : ORDERLINESS 4 plural : the conventions of polite behavior
decry
1 : to depreciate (as a coin) officially or publicly 2 : to express strong disapproval of –decrier -‘krī(-ə)r\ noun synonyms DECRY, DEPRECIATE, DISPARAGE, BELITTLE mean to express a low opinion of. DECRY implies open condemnation with intent to discredit . DEPRECIATE implies a representing as being of less value than commonly believed . DISPARAGE implies depreciation by indirect means such as slighting or invidious comparison . BELITTLE usually suggests a contemptuous or envious attitude .
deduct
1 : to take away (an amount) from a total : SUBTRACT
Tax is deducted from your salary. 税款从薪金中扣除.2 : DEDUCE, INFER
deed
1 : something that is done 2 : a usually illustrious act or action : FEAT, EXPLOIT <a>adjective</a>
instrument
/ ˈɪnstrumənt; ˋɪnstrəmənt/
n
implement or apparatus used in performing an action, esp for delicate or scientific work 器具; 器械; 仪器: a surgicalinstrument, eg a scalpel 外科器械（如手术刀） * an opticalinstrument, eg a microscope 光学仪器（如显微镜） * instruments of torture 刑具.
apparatus for producing musical sounds, eg a piano, violin, flute or drum 乐器（如钢琴﹑ 小提琴﹑ 笛或鼓）: learning to play an instrument 学习演奏乐器 * the instruments of the orchestra 演奏管弦乐的乐器.
measuring device giving information about the operation of an engine, etc or in navigation （发动机等或航海﹑ 航空中用的）测量仪器, 仪表: a ship’s instruments 船用测量仪器 * [attrib 作定语] an instrument panel 仪表盘. =>Usage at machine 用法见machine.
(a) ~ of sb/sth person used and controlled by another person, organization, etc, often without being aware of it 受人利用或控制的人（常为不自觉的）: We humans are merely the instruments of fate. 我们人类只不过是天命的工具. (b) ~ of sth person or thing that brings sth about 促成某事的人或物: The organization he had built up eventually became the instrument of his downfall. 他创建起来的组织到头来却成为促使他倒台的根本原因了.
~ (of sth) formal (esp legal) document 正式的（尤指合法的）文件﹑ 文书: The king signed the instrument of abdication. 国王签署了逊位的文告.
> instrumentation / ˏɪnstrumenˈteɪʃn; ˏɪnstrəmɛnˋteʃən/n [U]
1 arrangement of music for instruments 为器乐的 编曲: The instrumentation is particularly fine. 这首器乐曲编得特别细致.
2 instruments (instrument 3) 测量仪器; 仪表: monitoring the spacecraft’s instrumentation 监控宇航器的检测仪表.
deface
1 : to mar the appearance of : injure by effacing significant details 2 : IMPAIR 3 obsolete : DESTROY –defacement -‘fās-mənt\ noun –defacer noun
default
n.1 : failure to do something required by duty or law : NEGLECT 2 archaic : FAULT 3 : a failure to pay financial debts 4 a : failure to appear at the required time in a legal proceeding b : failure to compete in or to finish an appointed contest 5 a : a selection made usually automatically or without active consideration due to lack of a viable alternative b : a selection automatically used by a computer program in the absence of a choice made by the user –in default of : in the absence of
2default 2 n.
Function: intransitive verb
Date: 15th century
1 : to fail to fulfill a contract, agreement, or duty: as a : to fail to meet a financial obligation b : to fail to appear in court c : to fail to compete in or to finish an appointed contest also : to forfeit a contest by such failure 2 : to make a default selection transitive verb 1 : to fail to perform, pay, or make good 2 a : FORFEIT b : to exclude (a player or a team) from a contest by default –defaulter noun
crook
(infml 口) person who is habitually dishonest 一贯耍花招的人; 行骗或行窃的老手: The crooks got away with (ie The criminals stole) most of the money. 那坏蛋把那笔钱的大部分都偷走了. * That used-car salesman is a real crook. 那个卖旧汽车的商人是个地地道道的骗子. bend or curve, eg in a river or path 弯曲; 弯子; （河流﹑ 道路等的）弯曲处: carry sth in the crook of one’s arm, ie on one’s arm, at the inside of the bent elbow 臂弯里挎着某物. (a) long stick with a rounded hook at one end, as used in former times by shepherds for catching sheep 一端有弯钩的长棍杖（如旧时牧羊人捕羊所用的）. (b) long staff similar to this, carried ceremonially by a bishop; crosier 主教举行仪式时手持的权杖（形如牧羊人之手杖）. (idm 习语) by hook or by crook by one means or another, no matter what happens 用种种方法; 千方百计.> crook v [Tn] bend (esp one’s finger or arm) 使（尤指手指或手臂）弯曲: She crooked her little finger as she drank her tea. 她喝茶时弯起小指头. crook adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (Austral infml 澳, 口) ill 有病: I’m feeling a bit crook. 我感到有点不适.crook-back n, adj (arch 古) hunch-back(ed) 驼背（的）.
crook-backed adj
crusade
/ kruːˈseɪd; kruˋsed/
any one of the military expeditions by the European Christian countries to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the Middle Ages 十字军（远征）.
~ (for/against sth); ~ (to do sth) any struggle or campaign for sth believed to be good, or against sth believed to be bad （为争取好的或反对坏的事物的）斗争或运动: a crusade against corruption 反腐化运动.
> crusade v [I, Ipr] ~ (for/against sth) take part in a crusade 参加十字军; 参与某种正义行动: crusading for fairer treatment of minorities 参与争取少数民族平等权利的运动. crusader n person taking part in a crusade 十字军战士; 某种正义行动的参与者.
crust
/ krʌst; krʌst/ n
(a) [C, U] hard outer surface of a loaf of bread; pastry covering of a pie, tart, etc 面包皮; 糕饼等的酥皮: a white loaf with a crisp brown crust 有焦皮的白面包 * Cut the crusts off when you make sandwiches. 做三明治时要把焦皮切掉. =>illus at bread 见bread之插图. (b) [C] (esp rhet 尤作修辞) slice of bread, esp a thin dry one 面包片（尤指薄而乾的）: (fig 比喻) He’d share his last crust with you, ie is very unselfish. 他就是剩下最後一片面包也会与你分享. [C, U] hard surface 硬的表面: a thin crust of ice, frozen snow, etc 薄薄的一层冰﹑ 冻结的雪等 * the Earth’s crust, ie the part nearest its surface 地壳. [C, U] hard deposit on the inside of a bottle of wine, esp old port （葡萄酒的）沉淀物. (idm 习语) the upper crust (infml or joc 口或谑) the highest social class 社会的最高阶层: belong to the upper crust 属於上流社会.
> crust v (phr v) crust over become covered with a crust 表层变硬: The surface of the liquid gradually crusted over. 液体表面渐渐地结了一层皮. crusted adj 1 [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (with sth) having a hardened covering; encrusted 有硬壳; 结壳: walls crusted with dirt 积满污垢的墙. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of port) blended from different vintages and matured in bottles （指红葡萄酒）由不同年份的葡萄酒混合装瓶使之醇和.
crutch
support in the form of a pole, placed under the armpit to help a lame person to walk（病人用的）拐杖: a pair of crutches 一副拐杖 * go about on crutches 撑着一副拐杖走来走去. =>illus 见插图. (fig 比喻) person or thing that provides help or support 提供帮助或支持的人或事物: He uses his wife as a kind of crutch because of his lack of confidence. 他缺乏自信心, 总把妻子当作主心骨. = crotch.
crux
/ krʌks; krʌks/
1 : a puzzling or difficult problem : an unsolved question 2 : an essential point requiring resolution or resolving an outcome 3 : a main or central feature (as of an argument)
cryptic
/ `krɪptɪk; ˋkrɪptɪk/
adj with a meaning that is hidden or not easily understood; mysterious 含有隐义的; 晦涩难懂的; 神秘的: a cryptic remark, message, smile, etc 令人困惑的言语﹑ 信息﹑ 微笑等.
> cryptically / -klɪ; -klɪ/ adv: `Yes and no,’ she replied cryptically. ‘又是又不是,’她神乎其神地回答说.
cubicle
1 : a sleeping compartment partitioned off from a large room 2 a : a small partitioned space especially : one with a desk used for work in a business office b : CARREL
cue
~ (for sth/to do sth) thing said or done to signal sb’s turn to say or do sth, esp in a theatrical or other performance 提示, 暗示（尤指戏剧等演出中对某人起暗示作用的道白或动作）: Actors have to learn their cues (ie the last words of the speeches just before their own speeches) as well as their own lines. 演员不仅要记住台词, 还要记住其他演员的暗示. * When I nod my head, that’s your cue to interrupt the meeting. 我一点头, 就是暗示你把会议中断. * (fig 比喻) And they all lived happily ever afterwards which sounds like the cue (ie an appropriate moment) for a song. 从此以後他们全都过上了幸福的生活–这句话听起来像是舞台提示, 说完就开始唱歌. example of how to behave, what to do, etc （行为﹑ 行动等的）榜样: take one’s cue from sb, ie be guided by the way sb does sth 照某人的样子去做 * Follow her cue, and one day you’ll be a great scholar. 你以她为榜样, 总有一天会成为博学之士. (idm 习语) (right) on cue at exactly the appropriate or expected moment 就在这时候: He said she would be back very soon and, right on cue, she walked in. 他说她很快就回来, 说着说着, 她走进来了.> cue v (pres p cueing) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (in) give a cue to sb (to do sth) 提示, 暗示某人（做某事）: I’ll cue you in (ie give you a signal to start) by nodding my head. 我一点头, 你就开始.
taper
n length of wax-covered thread like a very thin candle burned to give light or to light other candles, etc 蜡捻子, 细蜡烛（点燃後用以照明或引火）: put a taper to the fire 用蜡捻儿引火.
taper 2
/ ˈteɪpə(r); ˋtepɚ/ v [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (off) (to sth) become or make (sth) gradually narrower 逐渐变窄; 使（某物）逐渐变窄: tapering at the ends 末端渐窄 * a blade that tapers off to a fine point 缩窄成细尖的叶片 * The trouser legs are slightly tapered. 裤腿逐渐向里收窄了一些. Cf 参看 flare2. [Ip, Tn.p] ~ (sth) off (cause sth to) become less in amount, etc or to cease gradually （使某物）变少, 变小; （使某物）逐渐终止: The number of applicants for the course has been tapering off recently. 申请上该课程的人近来已逐渐减少. * taper off production 逐渐停产.> taper n (usu sing 通常作单数) gradual narrowing of a long object （长形物体的）逐渐变窄: trousers with a slight taper 裤脚稍瘦进一些的长裤.
cuisine
/ kwɪˈziːn; kwɪˋzin/
n [U] (French 法) (style of) cooking 烹饪（风味）: French, Italian, etc cuisine 法国﹑ 意大利菜 * a restaurant where the cuisine is excellent 饭菜精美的餐馆.
culinary
/ ˈkʌlɪnərɪ; US -nerɪ; ˋkjuləˏnɛrɪ/
: of or relating to the kitchen or cookery –culinarily \ˌkə-lə-‘ner-ə-lē, ˌkyü-, ˌkü-\ adverb
culpable
/ ˈkʌlpəbl; ˋkʌlpəbl/
1 archaic : GUILTY, CRIMINAL 2 : meriting condemnation or blame especially as wrong or harmful
culminate
intransitive verb 1 of a celestial body : to reach its highest altitude also : to be directly overhead 2 a : to rise to or form a summit b : to reach the highest or a climactic or decisive point
a long struggle that culminated in success 终於取得胜利的长期斗争 * Her career culminated in her appointment as director. 她一生事业的顶峰是当上了董事. * a series of border clashes which culminated in full-scale war 导致全面战争的一连串的边界冲突事件.transitive verb : to bring to a head or to the highest point
cult
1 : formal religious veneration : WORSHIP 2 : a system of religious beliefs and ritual also : its body of adherents 3 : a religion regarded as unorthodox or spurious also : its body of adherents 4 : a system for the cure of disease based on dogma set forth by its promulgator 5 a : great devotion to a person, idea, object, movement, or work (as a film or book) especially : such devotion regarded as a literary or intellectual fad b : the object of such devotion c : a usually small group of people characterized by such devotion
cultivate
1 : to prepare or prepare and use for the raising of crops also : to loosen or break up the soil about (growing plants) 2 a : to foster the growth of b : CULTURE 2A c : to improve by labor, care, or study : REFINE 3 : FURTHER, ENCOURAGE 4 : to seek the society of : make friends with You must cultivate people who can help you in business. 你得结交在业务上对你有用的人.–cultivatable \-ˌvā-tə-bəl\ adjective cultivated adj (of people, manners, etc) having or showing good taste and refinement （指人﹑ 态度等）趣味高雅的, 有修养的.cultivation / ˏkʌltɪˈveɪʃn; ˏkʌltəˋveʃən/ n [U] cultivating (cultivate 1) or being cultivated 耕作; 耕种: the cultivation of the soil 耕作 * land that is under cultivation, ie is being cultivated 耕种的土地 * bring land into cultivation 开垦荒地.cultivator / ˈkʌltɪveɪtə(r); ˋkʌltəˏvetɚ/ n 1 machine for breaking up soil, destroying weeds, etc 耕耘机. 2 person who cultivates (cultivate
cumber
1 archaic : TROUBLE, HARASS 2 a : to hinder or encumber by being in the way b : to clutter up
encumber
1 : WEIGH DOWN, BURDEN 2 : to impede or hamper the function or activity of : HINDER 3 : to burden with a legal claim (as a mortgage)
encumbrance / ɪnˈkʌbrəns; ɪnˋkʌmbrəns/ n [C] person or thing that encumbers 防碍者; 障碍物; 累赘; 负担
cumbersome
1 dialect : BURDENSOME, TROUBLESOME 2 : unwieldy because of heaviness and bulk 3 : slow-moving : PONDEROUS
cunning
1 : dexterous or crafty in the use of special resources (as skill or knowledge) or in attaining an end <a> a cunning device for cracking nuts 打开坚果用的巧妙器械.2 : displaying keen insight <a> 3 : characterized by wiliness and trickery He’s a cunning old fox. 他是诡计多端的老狐狸.4 : prettily appealing : CUTE <a> cunning baby, kitten, etc 逗人爱的婴儿﹑ 小猫等.
n.1 obsolete a : KNOWLEDGE, LEARNING b : magic art 2 : dexterous skill and subtlety (as in inventing, devising, or executing) When he couldn’t get what he wanted openly and honestly, he resorted to low cunning. 他用光明正大的方法得不到的东西, 就采取卑鄙的欺诈手段.3 : CRAFT, SLYNESS</a></a></a>
gull
gull 1
1 / gʌl; ɡʌl/ (also `seagull) n any of several types of large long-winged sea-bird with usu white and grey or black feathers 鸥. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page v. gull 2
/ gʌl; ɡʌl/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into/out of sth) (arch 古) cheat sb (so that he has to do or give up sth); deceive sb 欺骗某人（以使其不得不做或放弃某事物）; 欺诈某人.
> gull n (arch 古) person who is easily deceived; simpleton 易受欺骗的人; 笨人; 傻子.
curdle
/ ‘kɜ:dl; ˋkədl/
v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) form into curds （使某物）结成凝乳: The milk has curdled, ie become sour. 牛奶凝结了（变酸了）. * Lemon juice curdles milk. 柠檬汁可使牛奶结成凝乳. * (fig 比喻) a scream which was enough to curdle one’s blood/make one’s blood curdle, ie fill one with horror 让人心惊胆战的尖叫声.
cursory
/ `kɜ:sərɪ; ˋkəsərɪ/
adj (often derog 常作贬义) done quickly and not thoroughly; (too) hurried 粗略的; 草率的; 仓促的: a cursory glance, look, inspection, etc 匆匆的一瞥﹑ 粗略的一看﹑ 草草的检查等 * He put aside the papers after a cursory study. 他把文件稍一过目就放到一边了. > cursorily / ‘kɜ:sərəlɪ; ˋkəsərəlɪ/ adv.
cutlery
1 : the business of a cutler
2 : edged or cutting tools specifically : implements for cutting and eating food
curt
1 a : sparing of words : TERSE b : marked by rude or peremptory shortness : BRUSQUE <a> 2 : shortened in linear dimension</a>
BLUFF, BLUNT, BRUSQUE, CURT, CRUSTY, GRUFF
mean abrupt and unceremonious in speech and manner. BLUFF connotes good-natured outspokenness and unconventionality <a>. BLUNT suggests directness of expression in disregard of others’ feelings <a>. BRUSQUE applies to a sharpness or ungraciousness <a>. CURT implies disconcerting shortness or rude conciseness <a>. CRUSTY suggests a harsh or surly manner sometimes concealing an inner kindliness <a>. GRUFF suggests a hoarse or husky speech which may imply bad temper but more often implies embarrassment or shyness .</a></a></a></a></a>
cylinder
/ ˈsɪlɪndə(r); ˋsɪlɪndɚ/
(a) (geometry 几) solid or hollow curved body with circular ends and straight sides 圆柱, （圆）柱体（实心或空心）; 柱面. =>illus at cube 见cube之插图. (b) thing shaped like this 圆柱状物: The string is wound round a cardboard cylinder. 线缠绕在纸筒上. * the cylinder of a revolver, ie the part in which the cartridges are placed 左轮手枪的旋转弹膛. cylinder-shaped hollow part inside which the piston moves in an engine （发动机的）汽缸: a six-cylinder engine/car 六缸发动机[六缸发动机汽车]. =>illus at piston 见piston之插图. (idm 习语) working/firing on all cylinders (infml 口) (operating) with full power or effort 开足马力; 竭尽全力: The office is working on all cylinders to get the job finished. 办公室人员正在竭尽全力争取把这工作干完.> cylindrical / sɪˈlɪndrɪkl; sɪˋlɪndrɪkl/ adj cylinder-shaped 圆柱形的; 圆筒状的.cylinder block part of an engine that contains the cylinders (cylinder2) 汽缸体; 汽缸组.cylinder head removable part that fits onto the top of a cylinder block 汽缸盖.
dabble
/ ˈdæbl; ˋdæbl/
transitive verb : to wet by splashing or by little dips or strokes : SPATTER intransitive verb 1 a : to paddle, splash, or play in or as if in water b : to reach with the bill to the bottom of shallow water in order to obtain food 2 : to work or involve oneself superficially or intermittently especially in a secondary activity or interest
daft
/ dɑːft; US dæft; dæft/
adj (-er, -est) (infml 口) foolish; silly 傻的; 愚蠢的: Don’t be so daft! 别那麽傻了! * He’s gone a bit daft (in the head), ie He has become slightly insane. 他（头脑）有些发痴. > daftness n [U].
daguerreotype
/ dəˈgerətaɪp; dəˋɡɛrəˏtaɪp/
n early type of photograph using a chemically treated plate （早期的）银板照相.
dainty
/ ˈdeɪntɪ; ˋdentɪ/
adj (-ier, -iest)
(of things) small and pretty （指物）小巧的, 精致的: dainty porcelain, lace, etc 小巧精致的瓷器﹑ 花边等.
(a) (of people) neat and delicate(2) in build or movement （指人）（体形或举止）娇美的, 秀丽的, 优美的: a dainty child 娇小玲珑的孩子. (b) (of people) having refined taste1(5) and manners; fastidious, esp about food （指人）讲究的, （尤指对食物）挑剔的: a dainty eater 饮食讲究的人.
having a pleasant taste; delicious 可口的; 美味的: a dainty morsel 美味的少量食物.
> daintily adv in a dainty way 优美地; 精致地; 娇美地; 讲究地: a daintily dressed doll 服饰精美的娃娃.
daintiness n [U].
dainty (usu pl 通常作复数) n small tasty piece of food, esp a small cake 量少而味美的食物; （尤指）小点心.
finicky
/ ˈfɪnɪkɪ; ˋfɪnɪkɪ/
1 : extremely or excessively particular, exacting, or meticulous in taste or standards <a> 2 : requiring much care, precision, or attentive effort <a> –fin·ick·i·ness noun</a></a>
morsel
/ ˈmɔːsl; ˋmɔrsl/
n ~ (of sth) small amount or piece of sth, esp food 少量, 一小块（尤指食物）: a tasty/dainty/choice morsel of food 一点美味的[可口的/精选的]食物 * not have a morsel of common sense 毫无常识.
damp
/ dæmp; dæmp/
adj (-er, -est) not completely dry; slightly wet 不完全乾燥的; 潮湿的: damp clothes 潮湿的衣服 * a damp surface 潮湿的表面 * Don’t sleep between damp sheets. 睡觉时不要用潮湿的被褥. (idm 习语) a damp squib (infml 口) event, etc that is much less impressive than expected 未达预期效果的事等: The party was a bit of a damp squib. 这次聚会有些扫兴.> damp n [U] 1 state of being damp 潮湿: Air the clothes to get the damp out. 晾晾衣服以驱潮气. * Don’t stay outside in the damp, ie in the damp atmosphere. 外面潮湿, 不要待在外面. 2 = fire-damp (fire1).damply adv.dampness n [U].damp-proof course (also `damp course) layer of material near the bottom of a wall to stop damp rising from the ground 防湿层（在墙基处阻止湿气由地面上升的一层建筑材料）.damp 2
/ dæmp; dæmp/ v [Tn] = dampen 1. [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (down) (a) reduce (noise, etc) 减低（声音等）: Soft material damps down vibrations. 柔软的材料可防震. (b) make (sth) less strong; restrain 使（某物）减弱; 抑制: damp (down) sb’s spirits, energy, ardour, etc 打击某人的情绪﹑ 干劲﹑ 热情等. (phr v) damp sth down cause sth to burn more slowly (by adding ash, etc or reducing the flow of air) 使某物燃烧缓慢（加入灰等或减弱气流）: We damped the fire down before we went to bed. 我们临睡觉前封好了火.
stanch
1 : to check or stop the flowing of also : to stop the flow of blood from (a wound) ex：stanch the bleeding 止血.2 archaic : ALLAY, EXTINGUISH 3 a : to stop or check in its course b : to make watertight : stop up –stancher noun
adj.1 a : WATERTIGHT, SOUND b : strongly built : SUBSTANTIAL 2 : steadfast in loyalty or principle <a></a>
dapper
1 a : neat and trim in appearance b : very spruce and stylish 2 : alert and lively in movement and manners
What a dapper little man! 好一个短小精悍的人!
–dapperly adverb –dapperness noun
dapple
1 : any of numerous usually cloudy and rounded spots or patches of a color or shade different from their background 2 : the quality or state of being dappled 3 : a dappled animal
v.transitive verb : to mark with dapples intransitive verb : to produce a dappled pattern
daredevil
adj.recklessly and often ostentatiously daring
deaden
v.transitive verb 1 : to impair in vigor or sensation : BLUNT 2 a : to deprive of brilliance b : to make vapid or spiritless c : to make (as a wall) impervious to sound
Unhappiness had deadened her to the lives of others. 她遭遇不幸, 因而对别人的生活也无动於衷.3 : to deprive of life : KILL intransitive verb : to become dead : lose life or vigor –deadener 'ded-nər, -dən-ər\ noun –deadeningly -niŋ-lē, -dən-iŋ-\ adverb
dearth
1 : scarcity that makes dear specifically : FAMINE 2 : an inadequate supply : LACK <a></a>
debacle
/ deɪˈbɑːkl; deˋbɑkl/
1 : a tumultuous breakup of ice in a river 2 : a violent disruption (as of an army) : ROUT 3 a : a great disaster b : a complete failure : FIASCO
disembark
/ ˏdɪsɪmˈbɑːk; ˏdɪsɪmˋbɑrk/
v (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (of people) leave a ship or an aircraft （指人）离船或下飞机等: disembark from a ferry 离渡船上岸. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) cause (people or goods) to leave a ship or an aircraft 使（人）离船或下飞机等; 从船上或飞机上卸下（货物）: disembark passengers from the plane 让乘客下飞机. > disembarkation / ˏdɪsembɑːˈkeɪʃn; ˏdɪsɛmbɑrˋkeʃən/ (also debarkation) n [U]: After disembarkation, we went through passport control. 我们下了飞机, 接受护照检查.
debouch
/ dɪˈbautʃ; dɪˋbaʊtʃ/
v.transitive verb : to cause to emerge : DISCHARGE intransitive verb 1 : to march out into open ground 2 : EMERGE, ISSUE
debunk
/ ˏdiːˈbʌŋk; diˋbʌŋk/ v
: to expose the sham or falseness of debunk fashionable opinions 指出流行一时的说法的不是.–debunker noun
debut
/ ˈdeɪbjuː; US dɪˈbjuː; dɪˋbju/
n first appearance in public as a performer (on stage, etc) 演员首次（登台等）演出: He marked his debut by beating the champion. 他初次上阵即击败了冠军而一鸣惊人. * She’s making her New York debut at Carnegie Hall. 她在卡内基音乐堂举行她在纽约的首次演出.
deciduous
1 : falling off or shed seasonally or at a certain stage of development in the life cycle 2 a : having deciduous parts b : having the dominant plants deciduous <a> 3 : EPHEMERAL –deciduousness noun</a>
declaim
/ dɪˈkleɪm; dɪˋklem/ v
intransitive verb 1 : to speak rhetorically specifically : to recite something as an exercise in elocution 2 : to speak pompously or bombastically : HARANGUE transitive verb : to deliver rhetorically specifically : to recite in elocution –declaimer noun –declamation \ˌde-klə-‘mā-shən\ noun
A preacher stood declaiming in the town centre. 传教士站在市镇中心慷慨陈词. * He declaims his poetry
~ against sb/sth attack sb/sth in words 抨击某人[某事物]: She wrote a book declaiming against our corrupt society. 她写了一本书抨击我们这腐败的社会.
declamatory / dɪˈklmətərɪ; US -tɔːrɪ; dɪˋklæmə-ˏtɔrɪ/ adj formal and rhetorical; (spoken) with great feeling 正式的及遣词讲究的; （说话）慷慨激昂的: her high-flown declamatory style 她的夸张而雄辩的风格.
decompose
transitive verb 1 : to separate into constituent parts or elements or into simpler compounds 2 : ROT intransitive verb : to break up into constituent parts by or as if by a chemical process : DECAY, ROT synonyms see DECAY –decomposability -ˌpō-zə-‘bi-lə-tē\ noun –decomposable -‘pō-zə-bəl\ adjective –decomposition (ˌ)dē-ˌkäm-pə-‘zi-shən\ noun
decorum
/ dɪˈkɔːrəm; dɪˋkɔrəm/
1 : literary and dramatic propriety : FITNESS 2 : propriety and good taste in conduct or appearance
In the presence of elderly visitors our son was a model of decorum. 我们的儿子在来访的长辈面前彬彬有礼.3 : ORDERLINESS 4 plural : the conventions of polite behavior
decry
1 : to depreciate (as a coin) officially or publicly 2 : to express strong disapproval of –decrier -‘krī(-ə)r\ noun synonyms DECRY, DEPRECIATE, DISPARAGE, BELITTLE mean to express a low opinion of. DECRY implies open condemnation with intent to discredit . DEPRECIATE implies a representing as being of less value than commonly believed . DISPARAGE implies depreciation by indirect means such as slighting or invidious comparison . BELITTLE usually suggests a contemptuous or envious attitude .
deduct
1 : to take away (an amount) from a total : SUBTRACT
Tax is deducted from your salary. 税款从薪金中扣除.2 : DEDUCE, INFER
deed
1 : something that is done 2 : a usually illustrious act or action : FEAT, EXPLOIT <a>adjective</a>
instrument
/ ˈɪnstrumənt; ˋɪnstrəmənt/
n
implement or apparatus used in performing an action, esp for delicate or scientific work 器具; 器械; 仪器: a surgicalinstrument, eg a scalpel 外科器械（如手术刀） * an opticalinstrument, eg a microscope 光学仪器（如显微镜） * instruments of torture 刑具.
apparatus for producing musical sounds, eg a piano, violin, flute or drum 乐器（如钢琴﹑ 小提琴﹑ 笛或鼓）: learning to play an instrument 学习演奏乐器 * the instruments of the orchestra 演奏管弦乐的乐器.
measuring device giving information about the operation of an engine, etc or in navigation （发动机等或航海﹑ 航空中用的）测量仪器, 仪表: a ship’s instruments 船用测量仪器 * [attrib 作定语] an instrument panel 仪表盘. =>Usage at machine 用法见machine.
(a) ~ of sb/sth person used and controlled by another person, organization, etc, often without being aware of it 受人利用或控制的人（常为不自觉的）: We humans are merely the instruments of fate. 我们人类只不过是天命的工具. (b) ~ of sth person or thing that brings sth about 促成某事的人或物: The organization he had built up eventually became the instrument of his downfall. 他创建起来的组织到头来却成为促使他倒台的根本原因了.
~ (of sth) formal (esp legal) document 正式的（尤指合法的）文件﹑ 文书: The king signed the instrument of abdication. 国王签署了逊位的文告.
> instrumentation / ˏɪnstrumenˈteɪʃn; ˏɪnstrəmɛnˋteʃən/n [U]
1 arrangement of music for instruments 为器乐的 编曲: The instrumentation is particularly fine. 这首器乐曲编得特别细致.
2 instruments (instrument 3) 测量仪器; 仪表: monitoring the spacecraft’s instrumentation 监控宇航器的检测仪表.
deface
1 : to mar the appearance of : injure by effacing significant details 2 : IMPAIR 3 obsolete : DESTROY –defacement -‘fās-mənt\ noun –defacer noun
default
n.1 : failure to do something required by duty or law : NEGLECT 2 archaic : FAULT 3 : a failure to pay financial debts 4 a : failure to appear at the required time in a legal proceeding b : failure to compete in or to finish an appointed contest 5 a : a selection made usually automatically or without active consideration due to lack of a viable alternative b : a selection automatically used by a computer program in the absence of a choice made by the user –in default of : in the absence of
2default 2 n.
Function: intransitive verb
Date: 15th century
1 : to fail to fulfill a contract, agreement, or duty: as a : to fail to meet a financial obligation b : to fail to appear in court c : to fail to compete in or to finish an appointed contest also : to forfeit a contest by such failure 2 : to make a default selection transitive verb 1 : to fail to perform, pay, or make good 2 a : FORFEIT b : to exclude (a player or a team) from a contest by default –defaulter noun
defect
1 a : an imperfection that impairs worth or utility : SHORTCOMING b : an imperfection (as a vacancy or an unlike atom) in a crystal lattice 2 [Latin defectus] : a lack of something necessary for completeness, adequacy, or perfection : DEFICIENCY <a></a>
2defect 2 n.
1 : to forsake one cause, party, or nation for another often because of a change in ideology 2 : to leave one situation (as a job) often to go over to a rival –defector -‘fek-tər\ noun
defer
1defer 1 v.
1 : PUT OFF, DELAY 2 : to postpone induction of (a person) into military service –deferrer noun synonyms DEFER, POSTPONE, SUSPEND, STAY mean to delay an action or proceeding. DEFER implies a deliberate putting off to a later time . POSTPONE implies an intentional deferring usually to a definite time . SUSPEND implies temporary stoppage with an added suggestion of waiting until some condition is satisfied . STAY often suggests the stopping or checking by an intervening agency or authority .
2defer 2 v.
transitive verb : to delegate to another intransitive verb : to submit to another’s wishes, opinion, or governance usually through deference or respect ren-chə-lē\ adverb
delegate
/ ˈdelɪgət; ˋdɛlɪɡət/ n person chosen or elected by others to express their views (eg at a meeting or conference) 代表（如出席会议者）.
delegate 2
/ ˈdelɪgeɪt; ˋdɛləˏɡet/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tnt] ~ sb (to sth) (a) choose or send sb as a representative 挑选或委派某人作代表: delegate sb to a conference/to attend a conference 选派某人作代表出席会议. (b) choose sb to carry out (duties, a task, etc) 挑选或委派某人执行（职责﹑ 任务等）: The new manager was delegated to reorganize the department. 派这位新经理重新组织该部门. [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (to sb) entrust (duties, rights, etc) to sb in a lower position or grade 将（职责﹑ 权利等）委托给下级; 授权给: A boss must know how to delegate (work). 当老板的要知人善任. * The job had to be delegated to an assistant. 这项工作得交给助手去做.
defiance
/ dɪˈfaɪəns; dɪˋfaɪəns/
1 : the act or an instance of defying : CHALLENGE 2 : disposition to resist : willingness to contend or fight –in defiance of : contrary to : DESPITE
deficit
‘de-fə-sət, Brit also di-‘fis-ət or ‘dē-fə-sə
1 a (1) : deficiency in amount or quality <a> (2) : a lack or impairment in a functional capacity <a> b : DISADVANTAGE 2 a : an excess of expenditure over revenue b : a loss in business operations</a></a>
defile
: to make unclean or impure: as a : to corrupt the purity or perfection of : DEBASE b : to violate the chastity of : DEFLOWER c : to make physically unclean especially with something unpleasant or contaminating d : to violate the sanctity of : DESECRATE e : SULLY, DISHONOR
definitive
/ dɪˈfɪnətɪv; dɪˋfɪnətɪv/
adj clear and having final authority; that cannot or need not be changed 明确的; 有权威的; 不能或不必改变的; 决定性的: a definitive answer, solution, verdict, etc 明确的答覆﹑ 确切的解决方法﹑ 陪审团的最终裁决 * Her book is the definitive work on Milton. 她的书是论述米尔顿的权威着作. * a definitive edition, eg one revised by the author himself 选定版（如作者亲自修订的版本）. > definitively adv.
deflate
transitive verb 1 : to release air or gas from 2 : to reduce in size, importance, or effectiveness 3 : to reduce (a price level) or cause (a volume of credit) to contract intransitive verb : to lose firmness through or as if through the escape of contained gas –deflator also deflater -‘flā-tər\ noun
deflect
transitive verb : to turn aside especially from a straight course or fixed direction intransitive verb : to turn aside : DEVIATE
–deflectable -‘flek-tə-bəl\ adjective
–deflective -tiv\ adjective
defoliate
: to deprive of leaves especially prematurely –defoliation (ˌ)dē-ˌfō-lē-‘ā-shən\ noun –defoliator (ˌ)dē-‘fō-lē-ˌā-tər\ noun
defraud v.
: to deprive of something by deception or fraud
foment
: to promote the growth or development of : ROUSE, INCITE
defy
transitive verb
1 archaic : to challenge to combat 2 : to challenge to do something considered impossible : DARE 3 : to confront with assured power of resistance : DISREGARD 4 : to resist attempts at : WITHSTAND
2defy 2 v.
: CHALLENGE, DEFIANCE
crook
(infml 口) person who is habitually dishonest 一贯耍花招的人; 行骗或行窃的老手: The crooks got away with (ie The criminals stole) most of the money. 那坏蛋把那笔钱的大部分都偷走了. * That used-car salesman is a real crook. 那个卖旧汽车的商人是个地地道道的骗子. bend or curve, eg in a river or path 弯曲; 弯子; （河流﹑ 道路等的）弯曲处: carry sth in the crook of one’s arm, ie on one’s arm, at the inside of the bent elbow 臂弯里挎着某物. (a) long stick with a rounded hook at one end, as used in former times by shepherds for catching sheep 一端有弯钩的长棍杖（如旧时牧羊人捕羊所用的）. (b) long staff similar to this, carried ceremonially by a bishop; crosier 主教举行仪式时手持的权杖（形如牧羊人之手杖）. (idm 习语) by hook or by crook by one means or another, no matter what happens 用种种方法; 千方百计.> crook v [Tn] bend (esp one’s finger or arm) 使（尤指手指或手臂）弯曲: She crooked her little finger as she drank her tea. 她喝茶时弯起小指头. crook adj [usu pred 通常作表语] (Austral infml 澳, 口) ill 有病: I’m feeling a bit crook. 我感到有点不适.crook-back n, adj (arch 古) hunch-back(ed) 驼背（的）.
crook-backed adj
crusade
/ kruːˈseɪd; kruˋsed/
any one of the military expeditions by the European Christian countries to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the Middle Ages 十字军（远征）.
~ (for/against sth); ~ (to do sth) any struggle or campaign for sth believed to be good, or against sth believed to be bad （为争取好的或反对坏的事物的）斗争或运动: a crusade against corruption 反腐化运动.
> crusade v [I, Ipr] ~ (for/against sth) take part in a crusade 参加十字军; 参与某种正义行动: crusading for fairer treatment of minorities 参与争取少数民族平等权利的运动. crusader n person taking part in a crusade 十字军战士; 某种正义行动的参与者.
crust
/ krʌst; krʌst/ n
(a) [C, U] hard outer surface of a loaf of bread; pastry covering of a pie, tart, etc 面包皮; 糕饼等的酥皮: a white loaf with a crisp brown crust 有焦皮的白面包 * Cut the crusts off when you make sandwiches. 做三明治时要把焦皮切掉. =>illus at bread 见bread之插图. (b) [C] (esp rhet 尤作修辞) slice of bread, esp a thin dry one 面包片（尤指薄而乾的）: (fig 比喻) He’d share his last crust with you, ie is very unselfish. 他就是剩下最後一片面包也会与你分享. [C, U] hard surface 硬的表面: a thin crust of ice, frozen snow, etc 薄薄的一层冰﹑ 冻结的雪等 * the Earth’s crust, ie the part nearest its surface 地壳. [C, U] hard deposit on the inside of a bottle of wine, esp old port （葡萄酒的）沉淀物. (idm 习语) the upper crust (infml or joc 口或谑) the highest social class 社会的最高阶层: belong to the upper crust 属於上流社会.
> crust v (phr v) crust over become covered with a crust 表层变硬: The surface of the liquid gradually crusted over. 液体表面渐渐地结了一层皮. crusted adj 1 [usu pred 通常作表语] ~ (with sth) having a hardened covering; encrusted 有硬壳; 结壳: walls crusted with dirt 积满污垢的墙. 2 [usu attrib 通常作定语] (of port) blended from different vintages and matured in bottles （指红葡萄酒）由不同年份的葡萄酒混合装瓶使之醇和.
crutch
support in the form of a pole, placed under the armpit to help a lame person to walk（病人用的）拐杖: a pair of crutches 一副拐杖 * go about on crutches 撑着一副拐杖走来走去. =>illus 见插图. (fig 比喻) person or thing that provides help or support 提供帮助或支持的人或事物: He uses his wife as a kind of crutch because of his lack of confidence. 他缺乏自信心, 总把妻子当作主心骨. = crotch.
crux
/ krʌks; krʌks/
1 : a puzzling or difficult problem : an unsolved question 2 : an essential point requiring resolution or resolving an outcome 3 : a main or central feature (as of an argument)
cryptic
/ `krɪptɪk; ˋkrɪptɪk/
adj with a meaning that is hidden or not easily understood; mysterious 含有隐义的; 晦涩难懂的; 神秘的: a cryptic remark, message, smile, etc 令人困惑的言语﹑ 信息﹑ 微笑等.
> cryptically / -klɪ; -klɪ/ adv: `Yes and no,’ she replied cryptically. ‘又是又不是,’她神乎其神地回答说.
cubicle
1 : a sleeping compartment partitioned off from a large room 2 a : a small partitioned space especially : one with a desk used for work in a business office b : CARREL
cue
~ (for sth/to do sth) thing said or done to signal sb’s turn to say or do sth, esp in a theatrical or other performance 提示, 暗示（尤指戏剧等演出中对某人起暗示作用的道白或动作）: Actors have to learn their cues (ie the last words of the speeches just before their own speeches) as well as their own lines. 演员不仅要记住台词, 还要记住其他演员的暗示. * When I nod my head, that’s your cue to interrupt the meeting. 我一点头, 就是暗示你把会议中断. * (fig 比喻) And they all lived happily ever afterwards which sounds like the cue (ie an appropriate moment) for a song. 从此以後他们全都过上了幸福的生活–这句话听起来像是舞台提示, 说完就开始唱歌. example of how to behave, what to do, etc （行为﹑ 行动等的）榜样: take one’s cue from sb, ie be guided by the way sb does sth 照某人的样子去做 * Follow her cue, and one day you’ll be a great scholar. 你以她为榜样, 总有一天会成为博学之士. (idm 习语) (right) on cue at exactly the appropriate or expected moment 就在这时候: He said she would be back very soon and, right on cue, she walked in. 他说她很快就回来, 说着说着, 她走进来了.> cue v (pres p cueing) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sb (in) give a cue to sb (to do sth) 提示, 暗示某人（做某事）: I’ll cue you in (ie give you a signal to start) by nodding my head. 我一点头, 你就开始.
taper
n length of wax-covered thread like a very thin candle burned to give light or to light other candles, etc 蜡捻子, 细蜡烛（点燃後用以照明或引火）: put a taper to the fire 用蜡捻儿引火.
taper 2
/ ˈteɪpə(r); ˋtepɚ/ v [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (off) (to sth) become or make (sth) gradually narrower 逐渐变窄; 使（某物）逐渐变窄: tapering at the ends 末端渐窄 * a blade that tapers off to a fine point 缩窄成细尖的叶片 * The trouser legs are slightly tapered. 裤腿逐渐向里收窄了一些. Cf 参看 flare2. [Ip, Tn.p] ~ (sth) off (cause sth to) become less in amount, etc or to cease gradually （使某物）变少, 变小; （使某物）逐渐终止: The number of applicants for the course has been tapering off recently. 申请上该课程的人近来已逐渐减少. * taper off production 逐渐停产.> taper n (usu sing 通常作单数) gradual narrowing of a long object （长形物体的）逐渐变窄: trousers with a slight taper 裤脚稍瘦进一些的长裤.
cuisine
/ kwɪˈziːn; kwɪˋzin/
n [U] (French 法) (style of) cooking 烹饪（风味）: French, Italian, etc cuisine 法国﹑ 意大利菜 * a restaurant where the cuisine is excellent 饭菜精美的餐馆.
culinary
/ ˈkʌlɪnərɪ; US -nerɪ; ˋkjuləˏnɛrɪ/
: of or relating to the kitchen or cookery –culinarily \ˌkə-lə-‘ner-ə-lē, ˌkyü-, ˌkü-\ adverb
culpable
/ ˈkʌlpəbl; ˋkʌlpəbl/
1 archaic : GUILTY, CRIMINAL 2 : meriting condemnation or blame especially as wrong or harmful
culminate
intransitive verb 1 of a celestial body : to reach its highest altitude also : to be directly overhead 2 a : to rise to or form a summit b : to reach the highest or a climactic or decisive point
a long struggle that culminated in success 终於取得胜利的长期斗争 * Her career culminated in her appointment as director. 她一生事业的顶峰是当上了董事. * a series of border clashes which culminated in full-scale war 导致全面战争的一连串的边界冲突事件.transitive verb : to bring to a head or to the highest point
cult
1 : formal religious veneration : WORSHIP 2 : a system of religious beliefs and ritual also : its body of adherents 3 : a religion regarded as unorthodox or spurious also : its body of adherents 4 : a system for the cure of disease based on dogma set forth by its promulgator 5 a : great devotion to a person, idea, object, movement, or work (as a film or book) especially : such devotion regarded as a literary or intellectual fad b : the object of such devotion c : a usually small group of people characterized by such devotion
cultivate
1 : to prepare or prepare and use for the raising of crops also : to loosen or break up the soil about (growing plants) 2 a : to foster the growth of b : CULTURE 2A c : to improve by labor, care, or study : REFINE 3 : FURTHER, ENCOURAGE 4 : to seek the society of : make friends with You must cultivate people who can help you in business. 你得结交在业务上对你有用的人.–cultivatable \-ˌvā-tə-bəl\ adjective cultivated adj (of people, manners, etc) having or showing good taste and refinement （指人﹑ 态度等）趣味高雅的, 有修养的.cultivation / ˏkʌltɪˈveɪʃn; ˏkʌltəˋveʃən/ n [U] cultivating (cultivate 1) or being cultivated 耕作; 耕种: the cultivation of the soil 耕作 * land that is under cultivation, ie is being cultivated 耕种的土地 * bring land into cultivation 开垦荒地.cultivator / ˈkʌltɪveɪtə(r); ˋkʌltəˏvetɚ/ n 1 machine for breaking up soil, destroying weeds, etc 耕耘机. 2 person who cultivates (cultivate
cumber
1 archaic : TROUBLE, HARASS 2 a : to hinder or encumber by being in the way b : to clutter up
encumber
1 : WEIGH DOWN, BURDEN 2 : to impede or hamper the function or activity of : HINDER 3 : to burden with a legal claim (as a mortgage)
encumbrance / ɪnˈkʌbrəns; ɪnˋkʌmbrəns/ n [C] person or thing that encumbers 防碍者; 障碍物; 累赘; 负担
cumbersome
1 dialect : BURDENSOME, TROUBLESOME 2 : unwieldy because of heaviness and bulk 3 : slow-moving : PONDEROUS
cunning
1 : dexterous or crafty in the use of special resources (as skill or knowledge) or in attaining an end <a> a cunning device for cracking nuts 打开坚果用的巧妙器械.2 : displaying keen insight <a> 3 : characterized by wiliness and trickery He’s a cunning old fox. 他是诡计多端的老狐狸.4 : prettily appealing : CUTE <a> cunning baby, kitten, etc 逗人爱的婴儿﹑ 小猫等.
n.1 obsolete a : KNOWLEDGE, LEARNING b : magic art 2 : dexterous skill and subtlety (as in inventing, devising, or executing) When he couldn’t get what he wanted openly and honestly, he resorted to low cunning. 他用光明正大的方法得不到的东西, 就采取卑鄙的欺诈手段.3 : CRAFT, SLYNESS</a></a></a>
gull
gull 1
1 / gʌl; ɡʌl/ (also `seagull) n any of several types of large long-winged sea-bird with usu white and grey or black feathers 鸥. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page v. gull 2
/ gʌl; ɡʌl/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into/out of sth) (arch 古) cheat sb (so that he has to do or give up sth); deceive sb 欺骗某人（以使其不得不做或放弃某事物）; 欺诈某人.
> gull n (arch 古) person who is easily deceived; simpleton 易受欺骗的人; 笨人; 傻子.
curdle
/ ‘kɜ:dl; ˋkədl/
v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) form into curds （使某物）结成凝乳: The milk has curdled, ie become sour. 牛奶凝结了（变酸了）. * Lemon juice curdles milk. 柠檬汁可使牛奶结成凝乳. * (fig 比喻) a scream which was enough to curdle one’s blood/make one’s blood curdle, ie fill one with horror 让人心惊胆战的尖叫声.
cursory
/ `kɜ:sərɪ; ˋkəsərɪ/
adj (often derog 常作贬义) done quickly and not thoroughly; (too) hurried 粗略的; 草率的; 仓促的: a cursory glance, look, inspection, etc 匆匆的一瞥﹑ 粗略的一看﹑ 草草的检查等 * He put aside the papers after a cursory study. 他把文件稍一过目就放到一边了. > cursorily / ‘kɜ:sərəlɪ; ˋkəsərəlɪ/ adv.
cutlery
1 : the business of a cutler
2 : edged or cutting tools specifically : implements for cutting and eating food
curt
1 a : sparing of words : TERSE b : marked by rude or peremptory shortness : BRUSQUE <a> 2 : shortened in linear dimension</a>
BLUFF, BLUNT, BRUSQUE, CURT, CRUSTY, GRUFF
mean abrupt and unceremonious in speech and manner. BLUFF connotes good-natured outspokenness and unconventionality <a>. BLUNT suggests directness of expression in disregard of others’ feelings <a>. BRUSQUE applies to a sharpness or ungraciousness <a>. CURT implies disconcerting shortness or rude conciseness <a>. CRUSTY suggests a harsh or surly manner sometimes concealing an inner kindliness <a>. GRUFF suggests a hoarse or husky speech which may imply bad temper but more often implies embarrassment or shyness .</a></a></a></a></a>
cylinder
/ ˈsɪlɪndə(r); ˋsɪlɪndɚ/
(a) (geometry 几) solid or hollow curved body with circular ends and straight sides 圆柱, （圆）柱体（实心或空心）; 柱面. =>illus at cube 见cube之插图. (b) thing shaped like this 圆柱状物: The string is wound round a cardboard cylinder. 线缠绕在纸筒上. * the cylinder of a revolver, ie the part in which the cartridges are placed 左轮手枪的旋转弹膛. cylinder-shaped hollow part inside which the piston moves in an engine （发动机的）汽缸: a six-cylinder engine/car 六缸发动机[六缸发动机汽车]. =>illus at piston 见piston之插图. (idm 习语) working/firing on all cylinders (infml 口) (operating) with full power or effort 开足马力; 竭尽全力: The office is working on all cylinders to get the job finished. 办公室人员正在竭尽全力争取把这工作干完.> cylindrical / sɪˈlɪndrɪkl; sɪˋlɪndrɪkl/ adj cylinder-shaped 圆柱形的; 圆筒状的.cylinder block part of an engine that contains the cylinders (cylinder2) 汽缸体; 汽缸组.cylinder head removable part that fits onto the top of a cylinder block 汽缸盖.
dabble
/ ˈdæbl; ˋdæbl/
transitive verb : to wet by splashing or by little dips or strokes : SPATTER intransitive verb 1 a : to paddle, splash, or play in or as if in water b : to reach with the bill to the bottom of shallow water in order to obtain food 2 : to work or involve oneself superficially or intermittently especially in a secondary activity or interest
daft
/ dɑːft; US dæft; dæft/
adj (-er, -est) (infml 口) foolish; silly 傻的; 愚蠢的: Don’t be so daft! 别那麽傻了! * He’s gone a bit daft (in the head), ie He has become slightly insane. 他（头脑）有些发痴. > daftness n [U].
daguerreotype
/ dəˈgerətaɪp; dəˋɡɛrəˏtaɪp/
n early type of photograph using a chemically treated plate （早期的）银板照相.
dainty
/ ˈdeɪntɪ; ˋdentɪ/
adj (-ier, -iest)
(of things) small and pretty （指物）小巧的, 精致的: dainty porcelain, lace, etc 小巧精致的瓷器﹑ 花边等.
(a) (of people) neat and delicate(2) in build or movement （指人）（体形或举止）娇美的, 秀丽的, 优美的: a dainty child 娇小玲珑的孩子. (b) (of people) having refined taste1(5) and manners; fastidious, esp about food （指人）讲究的, （尤指对食物）挑剔的: a dainty eater 饮食讲究的人.
having a pleasant taste; delicious 可口的; 美味的: a dainty morsel 美味的少量食物.
> daintily adv in a dainty way 优美地; 精致地; 娇美地; 讲究地: a daintily dressed doll 服饰精美的娃娃.
daintiness n [U].
dainty (usu pl 通常作复数) n small tasty piece of food, esp a small cake 量少而味美的食物; （尤指）小点心.
finicky
/ ˈfɪnɪkɪ; ˋfɪnɪkɪ/
1 : extremely or excessively particular, exacting, or meticulous in taste or standards <a> 2 : requiring much care, precision, or attentive effort <a> –fin·ick·i·ness noun</a></a>
morsel
/ ˈmɔːsl; ˋmɔrsl/
n ~ (of sth) small amount or piece of sth, esp food 少量, 一小块（尤指食物）: a tasty/dainty/choice morsel of food 一点美味的[可口的/精选的]食物 * not have a morsel of common sense 毫无常识.
damp
/ dæmp; dæmp/
adj (-er, -est) not completely dry; slightly wet 不完全乾燥的; 潮湿的: damp clothes 潮湿的衣服 * a damp surface 潮湿的表面 * Don’t sleep between damp sheets. 睡觉时不要用潮湿的被褥. (idm 习语) a damp squib (infml 口) event, etc that is much less impressive than expected 未达预期效果的事等: The party was a bit of a damp squib. 这次聚会有些扫兴.> damp n [U] 1 state of being damp 潮湿: Air the clothes to get the damp out. 晾晾衣服以驱潮气. * Don’t stay outside in the damp, ie in the damp atmosphere. 外面潮湿, 不要待在外面. 2 = fire-damp (fire1).damply adv.dampness n [U].damp-proof course (also `damp course) layer of material near the bottom of a wall to stop damp rising from the ground 防湿层（在墙基处阻止湿气由地面上升的一层建筑材料）.damp 2
/ dæmp; dæmp/ v [Tn] = dampen 1. [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (down) (a) reduce (noise, etc) 减低（声音等）: Soft material damps down vibrations. 柔软的材料可防震. (b) make (sth) less strong; restrain 使（某物）减弱; 抑制: damp (down) sb’s spirits, energy, ardour, etc 打击某人的情绪﹑ 干劲﹑ 热情等. (phr v) damp sth down cause sth to burn more slowly (by adding ash, etc or reducing the flow of air) 使某物燃烧缓慢（加入灰等或减弱气流）: We damped the fire down before we went to bed. 我们临睡觉前封好了火.
stanch
1 : to check or stop the flowing of also : to stop the flow of blood from (a wound) ex：stanch the bleeding 止血.2 archaic : ALLAY, EXTINGUISH 3 a : to stop or check in its course b : to make watertight : stop up –stancher noun
adj.1 a : WATERTIGHT, SOUND b : strongly built : SUBSTANTIAL 2 : steadfast in loyalty or principle <a></a>
dapper
1 a : neat and trim in appearance b : very spruce and stylish 2 : alert and lively in movement and manners
What a dapper little man! 好一个短小精悍的人!
–dapperly adverb –dapperness noun
dapple
1 : any of numerous usually cloudy and rounded spots or patches of a color or shade different from their background 2 : the quality or state of being dappled 3 : a dappled animal
v.transitive verb : to mark with dapples intransitive verb : to produce a dappled pattern
daredevil
adj.recklessly and often ostentatiously daring
deaden
v.transitive verb 1 : to impair in vigor or sensation : BLUNT 2 a : to deprive of brilliance b : to make vapid or spiritless c : to make (as a wall) impervious to sound
Unhappiness had deadened her to the lives of others. 她遭遇不幸, 因而对别人的生活也无动於衷.3 : to deprive of life : KILL intransitive verb : to become dead : lose life or vigor –deadener 'ded-nər, -dən-ər\ noun –deadeningly -niŋ-lē, -dən-iŋ-\ adverb
dearth
1 : scarcity that makes dear specifically : FAMINE 2 : an inadequate supply : LACK <a></a>
debacle
/ deɪˈbɑːkl; deˋbɑkl/
1 : a tumultuous breakup of ice in a river 2 : a violent disruption (as of an army) : ROUT 3 a : a great disaster b : a complete failure : FIASCO
disembark
/ ˏdɪsɪmˈbɑːk; ˏdɪsɪmˋbɑrk/
v (a) [I, Ipr] ~ (from sth) (of people) leave a ship or an aircraft （指人）离船或下飞机等: disembark from a ferry 离渡船上岸. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth (from sth) cause (people or goods) to leave a ship or an aircraft 使（人）离船或下飞机等; 从船上或飞机上卸下（货物）: disembark passengers from the plane 让乘客下飞机. > disembarkation / ˏdɪsembɑːˈkeɪʃn; ˏdɪsɛmbɑrˋkeʃən/ (also debarkation) n [U]: After disembarkation, we went through passport control. 我们下了飞机, 接受护照检查.
debouch
/ dɪˈbautʃ; dɪˋbaʊtʃ/
v.transitive verb : to cause to emerge : DISCHARGE intransitive verb 1 : to march out into open ground 2 : EMERGE, ISSUE
debunk
/ ˏdiːˈbʌŋk; diˋbʌŋk/ v
: to expose the sham or falseness of debunk fashionable opinions 指出流行一时的说法的不是.–debunker noun
debut
/ ˈdeɪbjuː; US dɪˈbjuː; dɪˋbju/
n first appearance in public as a performer (on stage, etc) 演员首次（登台等）演出: He marked his debut by beating the champion. 他初次上阵即击败了冠军而一鸣惊人. * She’s making her New York debut at Carnegie Hall. 她在卡内基音乐堂举行她在纽约的首次演出.
deciduous
1 : falling off or shed seasonally or at a certain stage of development in the life cycle 2 a : having deciduous parts b : having the dominant plants deciduous <a> 3 : EPHEMERAL –deciduousness noun</a>
declaim
/ dɪˈkleɪm; dɪˋklem/ v
intransitive verb 1 : to speak rhetorically specifically : to recite something as an exercise in elocution 2 : to speak pompously or bombastically : HARANGUE transitive verb : to deliver rhetorically specifically : to recite in elocution –declaimer noun –declamation \ˌde-klə-‘mā-shən\ noun
A preacher stood declaiming in the town centre. 传教士站在市镇中心慷慨陈词. * He declaims his poetry
~ against sb/sth attack sb/sth in words 抨击某人[某事物]: She wrote a book declaiming against our corrupt society. 她写了一本书抨击我们这腐败的社会.
declamatory / dɪˈklmətərɪ; US -tɔːrɪ; dɪˋklæmə-ˏtɔrɪ/ adj formal and rhetorical; (spoken) with great feeling 正式的及遣词讲究的; （说话）慷慨激昂的: her high-flown declamatory style 她的夸张而雄辩的风格.
decompose
transitive verb 1 : to separate into constituent parts or elements or into simpler compounds 2 : ROT intransitive verb : to break up into constituent parts by or as if by a chemical process : DECAY, ROT synonyms see DECAY –decomposability -ˌpō-zə-‘bi-lə-tē\ noun –decomposable -‘pō-zə-bəl\ adjective –decomposition (ˌ)dē-ˌkäm-pə-‘zi-shən\ noun
decorum
/ dɪˈkɔːrəm; dɪˋkɔrəm/
1 : literary and dramatic propriety : FITNESS 2 : propriety and good taste in conduct or appearance
In the presence of elderly visitors our son was a model of decorum. 我们的儿子在来访的长辈面前彬彬有礼.3 : ORDERLINESS 4 plural : the conventions of polite behavior
decry
1 : to depreciate (as a coin) officially or publicly 2 : to express strong disapproval of –decrier -‘krī(-ə)r\ noun synonyms DECRY, DEPRECIATE, DISPARAGE, BELITTLE mean to express a low opinion of. DECRY implies open condemnation with intent to discredit . DEPRECIATE implies a representing as being of less value than commonly believed . DISPARAGE implies depreciation by indirect means such as slighting or invidious comparison . BELITTLE usually suggests a contemptuous or envious attitude .
deduct
1 : to take away (an amount) from a total : SUBTRACT
Tax is deducted from your salary. 税款从薪金中扣除.2 : DEDUCE, INFER
deed
1 : something that is done 2 : a usually illustrious act or action : FEAT, EXPLOIT <a>adjective</a>
instrument
/ ˈɪnstrumənt; ˋɪnstrəmənt/
n
implement or apparatus used in performing an action, esp for delicate or scientific work 器具; 器械; 仪器: a surgicalinstrument, eg a scalpel 外科器械（如手术刀） * an opticalinstrument, eg a microscope 光学仪器（如显微镜） * instruments of torture 刑具.
apparatus for producing musical sounds, eg a piano, violin, flute or drum 乐器（如钢琴﹑ 小提琴﹑ 笛或鼓）: learning to play an instrument 学习演奏乐器 * the instruments of the orchestra 演奏管弦乐的乐器.
measuring device giving information about the operation of an engine, etc or in navigation （发动机等或航海﹑ 航空中用的）测量仪器, 仪表: a ship’s instruments 船用测量仪器 * [attrib 作定语] an instrument panel 仪表盘. =>Usage at machine 用法见machine.
(a) ~ of sb/sth person used and controlled by another person, organization, etc, often without being aware of it 受人利用或控制的人（常为不自觉的）: We humans are merely the instruments of fate. 我们人类只不过是天命的工具. (b) ~ of sth person or thing that brings sth about 促成某事的人或物: The organization he had built up eventually became the instrument of his downfall. 他创建起来的组织到头来却成为促使他倒台的根本原因了.
~ (of sth) formal (esp legal) document 正式的（尤指合法的）文件﹑ 文书: The king signed the instrument of abdication. 国王签署了逊位的文告.
> instrumentation / ˏɪnstrumenˈteɪʃn; ˏɪnstrəmɛnˋteʃən/n [U]
1 arrangement of music for instruments 为器乐的 编曲: The instrumentation is particularly fine. 这首器乐曲编得特别细致.
2 instruments (instrument 3) 测量仪器; 仪表: monitoring the spacecraft’s instrumentation 监控宇航器的检测仪表.
deface
1 : to mar the appearance of : injure by effacing significant details 2 : IMPAIR 3 obsolete : DESTROY –defacement -‘fās-mənt\ noun –defacer noun
default
n.1 : failure to do something required by duty or law : NEGLECT 2 archaic : FAULT 3 : a failure to pay financial debts 4 a : failure to appear at the required time in a legal proceeding b : failure to compete in or to finish an appointed contest 5 a : a selection made usually automatically or without active consideration due to lack of a viable alternative b : a selection automatically used by a computer program in the absence of a choice made by the user –in default of : in the absence of
2default 2 n.
Function: intransitive verb
Date: 15th century
1 : to fail to fulfill a contract, agreement, or duty: as a : to fail to meet a financial obligation b : to fail to appear in court c : to fail to compete in or to finish an appointed contest also : to forfeit a contest by such failure 2 : to make a default selection transitive verb 1 : to fail to perform, pay, or make good 2 a : FORFEIT b : to exclude (a player or a team) from a contest by default –defaulter noun
defect
1 a : an imperfection that impairs worth or utility : SHORTCOMING b : an imperfection (as a vacancy or an unlike atom) in a crystal lattice 2 [Latin defectus] : a lack of something necessary for completeness, adequacy, or perfection : DEFICIENCY <a></a>
2defect 2 n.
1 : to forsake one cause, party, or nation for another often because of a change in ideology 2 : to leave one situation (as a job) often to go over to a rival –defector -‘fek-tər\ noun
defer
1defer 1 v.
1 : PUT OFF, DELAY 2 : to postpone induction of (a person) into military service –deferrer noun synonyms DEFER, POSTPONE, SUSPEND, STAY mean to delay an action or proceeding. DEFER implies a deliberate putting off to a later time . POSTPONE implies an intentional deferring usually to a definite time . SUSPEND implies temporary stoppage with an added suggestion of waiting until some condition is satisfied . STAY often suggests the stopping or checking by an intervening agency or authority .
2defer 2 v.
transitive verb : to delegate to another intransitive verb : to submit to another’s wishes, opinion, or governance usually through deference or respect ren-chə-lē\ adverb
delegate
/ ˈdelɪgət; ˋdɛlɪɡət/ n person chosen or elected by others to express their views (eg at a meeting or conference) 代表（如出席会议者）.
delegate 2
/ ˈdelɪgeɪt; ˋdɛləˏɡet/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Tnt] ~ sb (to sth) (a) choose or send sb as a representative 挑选或委派某人作代表: delegate sb to a conference/to attend a conference 选派某人作代表出席会议. (b) choose sb to carry out (duties, a task, etc) 挑选或委派某人执行（职责﹑ 任务等）: The new manager was delegated to reorganize the department. 派这位新经理重新组织该部门. [I, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (to sb) entrust (duties, rights, etc) to sb in a lower position or grade 将（职责﹑ 权利等）委托给下级; 授权给: A boss must know how to delegate (work). 当老板的要知人善任. * The job had to be delegated to an assistant. 这项工作得交给助手去做.
defiance
/ dɪˈfaɪəns; dɪˋfaɪəns/
1 : the act or an instance of defying : CHALLENGE 2 : disposition to resist : willingness to contend or fight –in defiance of : contrary to : DESPITE
deficit
‘de-fə-sət, Brit also di-‘fis-ət or ‘dē-fə-sə
1 a (1) : deficiency in amount or quality <a> (2) : a lack or impairment in a functional capacity <a> b : DISADVANTAGE 2 a : an excess of expenditure over revenue b : a loss in business operations</a></a>
defile
: to make unclean or impure: as a : to corrupt the purity or perfection of : DEBASE b : to violate the chastity of : DEFLOWER c : to make physically unclean especially with something unpleasant or contaminating d : to violate the sanctity of : DESECRATE e : SULLY, DISHONOR
definitive
/ dɪˈfɪnətɪv; dɪˋfɪnətɪv/
adj clear and having final authority; that cannot or need not be changed 明确的; 有权威的; 不能或不必改变的; 决定性的: a definitive answer, solution, verdict, etc 明确的答覆﹑ 确切的解决方法﹑ 陪审团的最终裁决 * Her book is the definitive work on Milton. 她的书是论述米尔顿的权威着作. * a definitive edition, eg one revised by the author himself 选定版（如作者亲自修订的版本）. > definitively adv.
deflate
transitive verb 1 : to release air or gas from 2 : to reduce in size, importance, or effectiveness 3 : to reduce (a price level) or cause (a volume of credit) to contract intransitive verb : to lose firmness through or as if through the escape of contained gas –deflator also deflater -‘flā-tər\ noun
deflect
transitive verb : to turn aside especially from a straight course or fixed direction intransitive verb : to turn aside : DEVIATE
–deflectable -‘flek-tə-bəl\ adjective
–deflective -tiv\ adjective
defoliate
: to deprive of leaves especially prematurely –defoliation (ˌ)dē-ˌfō-lē-‘ā-shən\ noun –defoliator (ˌ)dē-‘fō-lē-ˌā-tər\ noun
defraud v.
: to deprive of something by deception or fraud
foment
: to promote the growth or development of : ROUSE, INCITE
defy
transitive verb
1 archaic : to challenge to combat 2 : to challenge to do something considered impossible : DARE 3 : to confront with assured power of resistance : DISREGARD 4 : to resist attempts at : WITHSTAND
2defy 2 v.
: CHALLENGE, DEFIANCE
degradation
ˌde-grə-‘dā-shə
1 : the act or process of degrading 2 a : decline to a low, destitute, or demoralized state b : moral or intellectual decadence : DEGENERATION –degradative 'de-grə-ˌdā-tiv\ adjective
reconstitute
: to constitute again or anew especially : to restore to a former condition by adding water
reconstitute dried milk, powdered soup, etc 加水使奶粉﹑ 汤粉等复原.
a reconstituted board, panel, committee,etc 经过改组的董事会﹑ 专门小组﹑ 委员会等. >–reconstitution (ˌ)rē-ˌkän(t)-stə-‘tü-shən, -‘tyü-\ noun
deify
/ ˈdiːɪfaɪ; ˋdiəˏfaɪ/
1 a : to make a god of b : to take as an object of worship
Primitive peoples deified the sun. 原始民族将太阳奉作神.2 : to glorify as of supreme worth
deification / ˏdiːɪfɪˈkeɪʃn; ˏdiəfəˋkeʃən/ n [U] deifying or being deified 神化: the deification of a Roman emperor 对罗马皇帝的神化.
deign
/ deɪn; den/
intransitive verb : to condescend reluctantly and with a strong sense of the affront to one’s superiority that is involved : STOOP He walked past me without even deigning to look at me. 他从我身旁走过, 竟没有屈尊看我一眼.
delectable
adj.
1 : highly pleasing : DELIGHTFUL <a> 2 : DELICIOUS <a> –delectability -ˌlek-tə-‘bi-lə-tē\ noun –delectably -blē\ adverb</a></a>
2delectable 2
: something that is delectable especially : a delicious food item
deleterious
/ ˏdelɪˈtɪərɪəs; ˏdɛləˋtɪrɪəs/
: harmful often in a subtle or unexpected way have a deleterious effect on a child’s development 对孩子的发育有不良影响–deleteriously adverb
PERNICIOUS, BANEFUL, NOXIOUS, DELETERIOUS, DETRIMENTAL
mean exceedingly harmful. PERNICIOUS implies irreparable harm done through evil or insidious corrupting or undermining . BANEFUL implies injury through poisoning or destroying . NOXIOUS applies to what is both offensive and injurious to the health of a body or mind . DELETERIOUS applies to what has an often unsuspected harmful effect <a>. DETRIMENTAL implies obvious harmfulness to something specified .</a>
delicacy n.
‘de-li-kə-sē
1 obsolete a : the quality or state of being luxurious b : INDULGENCE 2 : something pleasing to eat that is considered rare or luxurious 3 a : the quality or state of being dainty : FINENESS the delicacy of her features 她那清秀的容貌. b : FRAILTY 1 4 : fineness or subtle expressiveness of touch (as in painting or music) the delicacy of the fabric, a child’s skin 纤维的柔软﹑ 小孩皮肤的娇嫩.5 a : precise and refined perception and discrimination b : extreme sensitivity : PRECISION 6 a : refined sensibility in feeling or conduct She spoke with delicacy of our recent loss. 她机敏婉转地谈到我们最近的损失. * b : the quality or state of being squeamish
Don’t forget the delicacy of our position, ie Remember the need for tact, etc. 不要忘记我们的处境, 需谨慎从事.7 : the quality or state of requiring delicate handling
the delicacy of her playing, workmanship, carving 她演奏﹑ 手艺﹑ 雕刻的精巧.
delineate
di-‘li-nē-ˌāt, dē-
1 a : to indicate or represent by drawn or painted lines b : to mark the outline of 2 : to describe, portray, or set forth with accuracy or in detail –delineator -ē-ˌā-tər\ noun
delirious
/ dɪˈlɪrɪəs; dɪˋlɪrɪəs/ adj
1 : of, relating to, or characteristic of delirium 2 : affected with or marked by delirium –deliriously adverb –deliriousness noun
delude
/ dɪˈluːd; dɪˋlud/
v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth/into doing sth) deliberately mislead sb; deceive sb 诳 惑某人; 欺骗某人; 哄骗某人: a poor deluded fool 受骗的可怜傻瓜 * delude sb with empty promises 以虚假的诺言哄骗某人 * delude oneself with false hopes 以虚幻的希望欺骗自己 * delude sb/oneself into believing that… 欺骗某人[自己]误以为….
DELUSION, ILLUSION, HALLUCINATION, MIRAGE
mean something that is believed to be true or real but that is actually false or unreal. DELUSION implies an inability to distinguish between what is real and what only seems to be real, often as the result of a disordered state of mind . ILLUSION implies a false ascribing of reality based on what one sees or imagines . HALLUCINATION implies impressions that are the product of disordered senses, as because of mental illness or drugs . MIRAGE in its extended sense applies to an illusory vision, dream, hope, or aim .
demagogue
/ ˈdeməgɔg; ˋdɛməˏɡɑɡ/
1 : a leader who makes use of popular prejudices and false claims and promises in order to gain power 2 : a leader championing the cause of the common people in ancient times –demagoguery -ˌgä-g(ə-)rē\ noun –demagogy -ˌgä-gē, -ˌgä-jē, -ˌgō-jē\ noun
demise
/ dɪˈmaɪz; dɪˋmaɪz/
ransitive verb 1 : to convey (as an estate) by will or lease 2 obsolete : CONVEY, GIVE 3 : to transmit by succession or inheritance intransitive verb 1 : DIE, DECEASE 2 : to pass by descent or bequest
noun.1 : the conveyance of an estate 2 : transfer of the sovereignty to a successor 3 a : DEATH b : a cessation of existence or activity c : a loss of position or status
This loss led to the demise of the business. 这一损失导致了公司的倒闭.
demography
/ dɪˈmɔgrəfɪ; dɪˋmɑɡrəfɪ/
: the statistical study of human populations especially with reference to size and density, distribution, and vital statistics –demographer -fər\ noun
demolish
1 a : TEAR DOWN, RAZE They’ve demolished the slum district. 贫民区已拆除. b : to break to pieces : SMASH 2 a : to do away with : DESTROY b : to strip of any pretense of merit or credence –demolisher noun –demolishment -lish-mənt\ noun
demolition / ˏdemə-ˈlɪʃn; ˏdɛməˋlɪʃən/ n [U, C]: the demolition of the houses 房屋的拆除 * [attrib 作定语] demolition contractors 做拆除工作的承包者.
demotic
/ dɪˈmɔtɪk; dɪˋmɑtɪk/
1 : of, relating to, or written in a simplified form of the ancient Egyptian hieratic writing 2 : POPULAR, COMMON 3 : of or relating to the form of Modern Greek that is based on everyday speech
den
/ den; dɛn/ n
1 : the lair of a wild usually predatory animal 2 a (1) : a hollow or cavern used especially as a hideout (2) : a center of secret activity b : a small usually squalid dwelling 3 : a comfortable usually secluded room 4 : a subdivision of a Cub Scout pack made up of two or more boys
denigrate
/ ˈdenɪgreɪt; ˋdɛnəˏɡret/ v
1 : to attack the reputation of : DEFAME adjective
denizen
/ ˈdenɪzn; ˋdɛnəzn/ n
1 : INHABITANT 2 : a person admitted to residence in a foreign country especially : an alien admitted to rights of citizenship 3 : one that frequents a place
denouement
/ ˏdeɪˈnuːmɔŋ; US ˏdeɪnuːˈmɔːŋ; denuˋmɔŋ/
1 : the final outcome of the main dramatic complication in a literary work 2 : the outcome of a complex sequence of events
In a surprising denouement, she becomes a nun. 结局出人意表, 她当修女了.
dent
/ dent; dɛnt/
(also dint) hollow place in a hard even surface made by a blow or pressure 凹陷; 凹部; 凹痕: a dent in the boot of my car 我的汽车行李箱上的凹痕.
(idm 习语) (make) a dent in sth (infml 口) (cause) a reduction in sth 减少; 削减; 削弱: a dent in one’s pride 自尊心的挫伤 * The repairs made a dent in our funds, ie cost us a lot. 这次修理用去了我们很多钱.
> dent v (a) [Tn] make a dent or dents in (sth) 在（某物）上造成凹痕: The back of the car was badly dented in a collision. 这辆汽车後部在碰撞中造成很大的凹陷.(b) [I] get a dent or dents 出现凹痕: a metal that dents easily 容易出现凹痕的金属.
denture
/ ˈdentʃə(r); ˋdɛntʃɚ/
a set of dentures 一副假牙
toupee
/ ˈtuːpeɪ; US tuːˈpeɪ; tuˋpe/
n patch of false hair worn to cover a bald spot; small wig （遮掩秃斑的）小撮假发; 小型假发.
deplete
/ dɪˈpliːt; dɪˋplit/
1 : to empty of a principal substance 2 : to lessen markedly in quantity, content, power, or value
Our stock of food is greatly depleted. 我们的食物储备已消耗殆尽. * This expense has depleted our funds. 这笔花费已使我们的资金所剩无几. * a lake depleted of fish, ie with many of the fish gone 几乎无鱼的湖.–depletable -‘plē-tə-bəl\ adjective –depleter -‘plē-tər\ noun –depletion -‘plē-shən\ noun –depletive -‘plē-tiv\ adjective
deplore
/ dɪˈplɔː(r); dɪˋplɔr/
1 a : to feel or express grief for b : to regret strongly 2 : to consider unfortunate or deserving of deprecation She deplored his scandalous actions. 她谴责他那令人愤慨的行为.–deplorer -‘plȯr-ər\ noun –deploringly -iŋ-lē\ adverb
deplorable / dɪˈplɔːrəbl; dɪˋplɔrəbl/ adj that is, or should be, condemned （应）受谴责的: a deplorable attitude, speech 应受谴责的态度﹑ 讲话 * The acting was deplorable! 这种演技糟透了! deplorably / -əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv.
depose
/ dɪˈpəuz; dɪˋpoz/
ransitive verb 1 : to remove from a throne or other high position 2 : to put down : DEPOSIT 3 [Middle English, from Medieval Latin deponere, from Late Latin] a : to testify to under oath or by affidavit b : AFFIRM, ASSERT c : to take a deposition of depose to having seen sth 宣誓证明曾目睹某事物 * depose that one saw sth 宣誓证明亲眼见到某事物intransitive verb : to bear witness
deprave
/ dɪˈpreɪv; dɪˋprev/ v.
1 archaic : to speak ill of : MALIGN 2 : to make bad : CORRUPT especially : to corrupt morally
a man depraved by bad company 被坏朋友带坏的人.
deracinate
1 : UPROOT
2 : to remove or separate from a native environment or culture especially : to remove the racial or ethnic characteristics or influences from
exterminate
: to get rid of completely usually by killing off –extermination -ˌstər-mə-‘nā-shən\ noun –exterminator -‘stər-mə-ˌnā-tər\ noun synonyms EXTERMINATE, EXTIRPATE, ERADICATE, UPROOT mean to effect the destruction or abolition of something. EXTERMINATE implies complete and immediate extinction by killing off all individuals . EXTIRPATE implies extinction of a race, family, species, or sometimes an idea or doctrine by destruction or removal of its means of propagation . ERADICATE implies the driving out or elimination of something that has established itself <a>. UPROOT implies a forcible or violent removal and stresses displacement or dislodgment rather than immediate destruction .</a>
derelict
/ ˈderəlɪkt; ˋdɛrəˏlɪkt/
1 : abandoned especially by the owner or occupant also : RUN-DOWN 2 : lacking a sense of duty : NEGLIGENT
dereliction / ˏderəˈlɪkʃn; ˏdɛrəˋlɪkʃən/ n [U] being derelict 遗弃; 弃置: a house in a state of dereliction 弃置的房屋. (idm 习语) ,dereliction of `duty (fml 文) (deliberate) failure to do what one ought to do 失职: be guilty of a serious dereliction of duty 犯严重失职罪
negligent
1 a : marked by or given to neglect especially habitually or culpably b : failing to exercise the care expected of a reasonably prudent person in like circumstances 2 : marked by a carelessly easy manner –negligently adverb synonyms NEGLIGENT, NEGLECTFUL, LAX, SLACK, REMISS mean culpably careless or indicative of such carelessness. NEGLIGENT implies inattention to one’s duty or business . NEGLECTFUL adds a more disapproving implication of laziness or deliberate inattention <a>. LAX implies a blameworthy lack of strictness, severity, or precision <a>. SLACK implies want of due or necessary diligence or care . REMISS implies blameworthy carelessness shown in slackness, forgetfulness, or neglect .</a></a>
lax
1 a of the bowels : LOOSE, OPEN b : having loose bowels 2 : deficient in firmness : not stringent <a> 3 a : not tense, firm, or rigid : SLACK <a> b : having an open or loose texture c : having the constituents spread apart <a> 4 : articulated with the muscles involved in a relatively relaxed state (as the vowel \i\ in contrast with the vowel \ē)</a></a></a>
remiss
/ rɪˈmɪs; rɪˋmɪs/
1 : negligent in the performance of work or duty : CARELESS 2 : showing neglect or inattention : LAX synonyms see NEGLIGENT –remissly adverb –remissness noun
