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GRE by Peter > GRE 1 > Flashcards

GRE 1 Flashcards

1
Q

blatant

A

1 : noisy especially in a vulgar or offensive manner : CLAMOROUS
2 : completely obvious, conspicuous, or obtrusive especially in a crass or offensive manner : BRAZEN

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2
Q

obstreperous

A

1 : marked by unruly or aggressive noisiness : CLAMOROUS
2 : stubbornly resistant to control : UNRULY
obstreperous behaviour, children 难以管束的行为﹑ 儿童
He becomes obstreperous when he’s had a few drinks. 他喝了些酒就爱撒酒疯.

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3
Q

strident

A

: characterized by harsh, insistent, and discordant sound <a> also : commanding attention by a loud or obtrusive quality</a>

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4
Q

VOCIFEROUS, CLAMOROUS, BLATANT, STRIDENT, BOISTEROUS, OBSTREPEROUS

A

VOCIFEROUS, CLAMOROUS, BLATANT, STRIDENT, BOISTEROUS, OBSTREPEROUS mean so loud or insistent as to compel attention. VOCIFEROUS implies a vehement shouting or calling out . CLAMOROUS may imply insistency as well as vociferousness in demanding or protesting . BLATANT implies an offensive bellowing or insensitive loudness <a>. STRIDENT suggests harsh and discordant noise . BOISTEROUS suggests a noisiness and turbulence due to high spirits <a>. OBSTREPEROUS suggests unruly and aggressive noisiness and resistance to restraint .</a></a>

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5
Q

blatant

A

1 : noisy especially in a vulgar or offensive manner : CLAMOROUS
2 : completely obvious, conspicuous, or obtrusive especially in a crass or offensive manner : BRAZEN

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6
Q

blazon

A

/ ˈbleɪzn; ˋblezn/ n heraldic shield; coat of arms 纹章; 盾徽.
blazon v [Tn]
= emblazon.
= blaze4.

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7
Q

canoodle

A

PET, FONDLE

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8
Q

bleach

A

transitive verb
1 : to remove color or stains from
2 a : to make whiter or lighter especially by physical or chemical removal of color b : to remove, make dull, or sanitize as if by removing color
intransitive verb
1 : to grow white or lose color
2 of coral : to expel symbiotic zooxanthellae exposing a white skeleton
–bleachable 'blē-chə-bəl\ adjective

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9
Q

bleak

A

/ bliːk; blik/ adj (-er, -est)
(a) (of a landscape) bare; exposed; wind-swept （指景物）荒凉的, 裸露的, 光秃秃的: bleak hills, mountains, moors, etc 荒凉的丘陵﹑ 群山﹑ 旷野等. (b) (of the weather) cold and dreary （指天气）寒冷的, 阴沉的: a bleak winter day 冬天的一个阴冷日子.
(fig 比喻) not hopeful or encouraging; dismal; gloomy 无望的; 阴郁的; 黯淡的: a bleak outlook/prospect 黯淡的前景[前途] * The future looks bleak. 前途黯淡. > bleakly adv. bleakness n [U].

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10
Q

DISMAL, DREARY, BLEAK, GLOOMY, CHEERLESS, DESOLATE

A

DISMAL, DREARY, BLEAK, GLOOMY, CHEERLESS, DESOLATE mean devoid of cheer or comfort. DISMAL indicates extreme and utterly depressing gloominess . DREARY often interchangeable with dismal, emphasizes discouragement resulting from sustained dullness or futility <a>. BLEAK suggests chill, dull, and barren characteristics that utterly dishearten . GLOOMY often suggests lack of hope or promise . CHEERLESS stresses absence of anything cheering <a>. DESOLATE adds an element of utter remoteness or lack of human contact to any already disheartening aspect <a>.</a></a></a>

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11
Q

blemish

A

mark or stain that spoils the beauty or perfection of sb/sth （有损於人或事物的美观或完美的）污点或痕迹; 瑕疵: a blemish on a pear, carpet, table-cloth 梨上的烂斑﹑ 地毯上的污垢﹑ 桌布上的污点 * She has a blemish above her right eye. 她右眼上方有一个疤.
(fig 比喻) defect, fault or flaw 缺点; 过错; 毛病: His character/reputation is without (a) blemish. 他在品德[名誉]上毫无瑕疵.
> blemish v [Tn] spoil the beauty or perfection of (sb/sth); flaw; mar 有损於（某人[某事物]）美观或完美; 玷污; 损伤: a blemished peach 有烂斑的桃子 * The pianist’s performance was blemished by several wrong notes. 钢琴家的演奏由於弹错了几个音符而使人感到美中不足.

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12
Q

blight

A

/ blaɪt; blaɪt/ n
[U] (a) disease that withers plants 植物枯萎病. (b) [sing] fungus or insect causing this （引起植物枯萎病的）真菌或昆虫.
[C] ~ (on/upon sb/sth) (fig 比喻) destructive or harmful force 破坏或损害之力: cast/put a blight on sb/sth 打击某人[某事物] * Unemployment is a blight on our community. 失业是我们社会的一大祸患.
[U] ugly or neglected part (esp of cities) 丑陋的或疏於治理的部分（尤指城市）: the blight of inner-city slums 丑陋脏乱的旧城区的贫民区.
> blight v [Tn]
1 affect (sth) with blight; wither 使（某物）患枯萎病; 使枯萎: The apple trees were blighted by frost. 苹果树因严寒而枯萎.
2 spoil (sth); mar 损坏（某事物）; 损害: a career blighted by ill-health 因体弱多病所影响的事业.

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13
Q

blotch

A

: to mark or mar with blotches

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14
Q

blowhard

A

1 : BRAGGART

2 : WINDBAG

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15
Q

flatter

A

flætə(r); ˋflætɚ v [Tn] praise (sb) too much or insincerely, esp in order to gain favour for oneself 恭维, 奉承, 讨好（某人）: If you flatter your mother a bit she might invite us all to dinner. 你要是奉承你母亲几句, 说不定她会把我们全请去吃饭. [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] give a feeling of pleasure or honour to (sb) 使（某人）感到高兴或荣幸: I was very flattered by your invitation to talk at the conference. 承蒙你邀我在会上讲话, 深感荣幸. [Tn] represent (sb) in a way that makes him seem better-looking than he really is 使（某人）显得（较其实际相貌）好看: (ironic 反语) This photograph certainly doesn't flatter you, ie It makes you look rather ugly. 这张相片实在不如你本人好看. [nopassive 不用於被动语态: Tn, Dn.f] ~ oneself (that...)believe, usu mistakenly, that one has achieved sth or has certain abilities or good qualities 认为（通常指误以为）自己成就了某事物或有某种能力或优秀品质: Do you really think he likes you? You flatter yourself! 你真以为他喜欢你? 你那是自作多情! * He flatters himself that he speaks French well. 他自以为法语说得很好. > flatterer flætərə(r); ˋflætərɚ n person who flatters 谄媚者; 奉承者: Don’t believe him he’s a real flatterer. 别相信他–他纯粹是奉承.
flattering flætərɪŋ; ˋflætərɪŋ adj that flatters (flatter 3) a person 使一个人美过其实的: That's a very flattering dress Ann's wearing. 安穿着那条连衣裙显得更漂亮了. flattery flætərɪ; ˋflætərɪ n [U] insincere praise 奉承; 恭维话: With a little flattery I might persuade him to do the job. 我说几句好听的, 也许能说服他去做这工作. * (saying 谚) Flattery will get you nowhere, ie I will not be influenced by your flattering remarks. 你恭维奉承也无济於事.

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16
Q

braggadocio

A

1 : BRAGGART

2 a : empty boasting b : arrogant pretension : COCKINESS

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17
Q

blunder

A

intransitive verb
1 : to move unsteadily or confusedly
He blundered about the room, feeling for the light switch. 他在房间里磕磕绊绊地摸索电灯的开关.
2 : to make a mistake through stupidity, ignorance, or carelessness
The police blundered badly by arresting the wrong man. 警方抓错了人, 犯了荒唐的大错.
transitive verb
1 : to utter stupidly, confusedly, or thoughtlessly
2 : to make a stupid, careless, or thoughtless mistake in
–blunderer -dər-ər\ noun
–blunderingly -d(ə-)riŋ-lē\ adverb

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18
Q

ERROR, MISTAKE, BLUNDER, SLIP, LAPSE

A

ERROR, MISTAKE, BLUNDER, SLIP, LAPSE mean a departure from what is true, right, or proper. ERROR suggests the existence of a standard or guide and a straying from the right course through failure to make effective use of this . MISTAKE implies misconception or inadvertence and usually expresses less criticism than error . BLUNDER regularly imputes stupidity or ignorance as a cause and connotes some degree of blame . SLIP stresses inadvertence or accident and applies especially to trivial but embarrassing mistakes <a>. LAPSE stresses forgetfulness, weakness, or inattention as a cause <a>.</a></a>

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19
Q

brusque

A

/ bruːsk; US brʌsk; brʌsk/ adj (of a person, his manner, etc) rough and abrupt; curt （指人及人的举止等）粗暴和唐突, 无礼的: a brusque attitude 粗鲁的举止 * His reply was brusque. 他的回答很唐突. > brusquely adv. brusqueness n [U].

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20
Q

bucket

A

a drop in the bucket/ocean

v [I, Ip] ~ (down) (of rain) pour down heavily （指雨）倾盆而下: It/The rain bucketed down all afternoon. 瓢泼大雨下了一下午.

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21
Q

bulge

A

/ bʌldʒ; bʌldʒ/ n
rounded swelling; outward curve 鼓起; 凸出: What’s that bulge in your pocket? 你口 袋里鼓鼓囊囊的是什麽?
(infml 口) temporary increase in quantity 暂时增多: a population bulge 人口膨胀 * After the war there was a bulge in the birth-rate. 战後出生率激增.
> bulge v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (out) (with sth) form a bulge: swell outwards 鼓起; 凸起; 膨胀: I can’t eat any more. My stomach’s bulging. 我一点儿也吃不下了, 肚子都鼓起来了. * pockets bulging with apples 装着苹果而鼓起来的口袋.

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22
Q

bumptious

A

/ ˈbʌmpʃəs; ˋbʌmpʃəs/ adj (derog 贬) (of a person, his manner, etc) self-important and conceited （指人﹑ 举止等）自负的, 傲慢的, 骄横的: bumptiousofficials, behaviour 骄横的官员﹑ 行为. > bumptiouslyadv. bumptiousness n [U].

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23
Q

bungle

A

/ ˈbʌŋgl; ˋbʌŋɡl/ v [I, Tn] do (sth) badly or clumsily; spoil (a task) through lack of skill 笨手笨脚地做（某事物）; 粗制滥造; （因技术差或不熟练）把（工作）做糟: It looks as though you’ve bungled again. 看来你好像又把事情搞糟了. * Don’t let him mend your bike. He’s sure to bungle the job. 别让他修理你的自行车. 他肯定会弄得一团糟的. * The gang spent a year planning the robbery and then bungled it. 这伙人蓄谋抢劫已有一年之久, 然而到头来却失手了.
> bungle n (usu sing 通常作单数) bungled piece of work 拙劣的工作: The whole job was a gigantic bungle. 整件工作都糟透了.

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24
Q

burlesque

A

1 : a literary or dramatic work that seeks to ridicule by means of grotesque exaggeration or comic imitation
2 : mockery usually by caricature
3 : theatrical entertainment of a broadly humorous often earthy character consisting of short turns, comic skits, and sometimes striptease acts

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25
Q

bust

A
  1. to break or smash especially with force

2. ARREST *busted for carrying guns ― Saul Gottlieb

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26
Q

butt

A

[Tn, Tn.pr] hit or push (sb/sth) with the head (like a goat) 以头撞或顶（某人[某物]）（如山羊般）: butt sb in the stomach 撞某人的腹部.
[Tn.pr] hit (one’s head) on sth （自己的头部）撞到某物上: He butted his head against the shelf as he was getting up. 他起来时一头撞在搁架上了.
(phr v) butt in (on sb/sth) (infml 口) interrupt (sb/sth) or interfere (in sth) 干扰（某人[某事物]）; 干涉（某事物）: Don’t butt in like that when I’m speaking. 我讲话时别这样打断我的话. * May I butt in on your conversation? 我可以插句话吗?

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27
Q

cabal

A

/ kəˈbæl; kəˋbæl/ n [CGp, C] (group of people involved in a) secret political plot 政治阴谋（集团）.

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28
Q

cacophony

A

/ kəˈkɔfənɪ; kəˋkɑfənɪ/ n [U, C usu sing 通常作单数] loud unpleasant mixture of discordant sounds 响亮而不和谐的声音; 刺耳的声音. > cacophonous/-nEs; -nEs/ adj.

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29
Q

cadet

A

/ kəˈdet; kəˋdɛt/ n young person training to become a policeman or an officer in the armed forces 受训当警察或军官的年轻人: army/naval/air force cadets 陆[海/空]军学员 * a police cadet 见习警察.

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30
Q

cadge

A

/ kædʒ; kædʒ/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (from sb) (sometimes derog 有时作贬义) get or try to get (sth) (from sb) by asking, often unreasonably （向某人）索要或要求（某事物）（常为无缘故的）; 占便宜: Could I cadge a lift with you? 我能顺便坐你的汽车吗? * He’s always cadging meals from his friends. 他总吃朋友的便宜

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31
Q

calamity

A

/ kəlˈæmətɪ; kəˋlæmətɪ/ n serious misfortune or disaster 灾祸; 灾难: The earthquake was the worst calamity in the country’s history. 那次地震是全国有史以来最严重的灾难. * (joc 谑) There are worse calamities than failing your driving test. 比起你驾驶考试不合格来说, 更大的灾难还多着呢.

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32
Q

cauldron

A

(also caldron) / ˈkɔːldrən; ˋkɔldrən/ n large deep pot for boiling things in 大锅.

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33
Q

caliper

A

测径器

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34
Q

callow

A

/ ˈkæləu; ˋkælo/ adj

: lacking adult sophistication : IMMATURE

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35
Q

calumniate

A

1 : to utter maliciously false statements, charges, or imputations about
2 : to injure the reputation of by calumny

calumny
/ ˈkæləmnɪ; ˋkæləmnɪ/ n (fml 文)
[C] false statement about sb, made to damage his character 诬蔑; 中伤: a victim of vicious calumnies 恶毒诬蔑的受害者.
[U] slander 诽谤: accuse sb of calumny 控告某人诽谤.

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36
Q

candid

A

/ ˈkændɪd; ˋkændɪd/ adj not hiding one’s thoughts; frank and honest 率直的; 坦白而诚实的: a candid opinion, statement, person 直言﹑ 直说﹑ 直性人 * Let me be quite candid with you: your work is not good enough. 不瞒你说, 你的工作不怎麽好. > candidly adv: Candidly (ie Speaking frankly), David, I think you’re being unreasonable. 大卫, 说实话我认为你不讲道理. candidness n [U].

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37
Q

cane

A

竹杖; 藤条; 棍棒.
v [Tn] punish (sb) by beating with a cane 用藤条或竹棍等责打（某人）: The headmaster caned the boys for disobedience. 校长用藤条责打不听话的男学生.

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38
Q

canny

A

/ ˈkænɪ; ˋkænɪ/ adj (-ier, -iest) shrewd and careful, esp in business matters 精明仔细的（尤指在生意上）.

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39
Q

canonical

A

/kəˈnɔnɪkəl US kəˈnɑː-/ adj
according to canon law
technical in the simplest mathematical form

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40
Q

cant

A

/ kænt; kænt/ n
sloping surface or position 倾斜的面或位置.
sudden movement that tilts or overturns sth 突然一动（可使某物倾斜或翻转）.
> cant v [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (over) (cause sth to) tilt, overturn （使某物）倾斜, 翻转: cant a boat to repair it 把船翻过来修理.

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41
Q

cantankerous

A

: difficult or irritating to deal with
*a cantankerous mule
–can·tan·ker·ous·ly adverb

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42
Q

canvass

A

/ ˈkænvəs; ˋkænvəs/ v
[I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sb) (for sth) go around an area asking (people) for (political support) （在政治方面）游说: go out canvassing (for votes) （为拉选票）出去游说 * The Labour candidate will canvass the constituency next month. 工党候选人下月将向全体选民游说拉票.
[Tn] find out the opinions of (eg voters before an election) 调查（如选举前选民）的意见.
[Tn] suggest (an idea, etc) for discussion 为讨论而提出（意见等）: canvass the idea/notion/theory 为讨论而提出意见[想法/主张].

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43
Q

capitulate

A

v [I, Ipr] ~ (to sb) surrender (to sb), esp on agreed conditions （向某人）投降（尤指根据商定的条件）.

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44
Q

caprice

A

/ kəˈpriːs; kəˋpris/ n
(a) [C] sudden change in attitude or behaviour with no obvious cause; whim 态度或行为无明显缘故的突然改变; 突如其来的念头. (b) [U] tendency to such changes 有上述突然改变的倾向.
[C] short lively piece of music in an irregular style 短小的随想曲.

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45
Q

captious

A

/ ˈkæpʃəs; ˋkæpʃəs/ adj (fml 文) fond of criticizingor raising objections about unimportant matters; quibbling 好吹毛求疵的; 好挑剔的. > captiously adv. captiousness n [U].

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46
Q

carafe

A

/ kəˈræf; kəˋræf/ n
glass container in which wine or water are served at meals （餐桌上盛酒或水的）玻璃瓶. =>illus at bottle 见bottle之插图.
amount contained in this 一瓶的量: I can’t drink more than half a carafe. 我顶多能喝半瓶.

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47
Q

carouse

A

/ kəˈrauz; kəˋraʊz/ v [I] (dated 旧) drink and be merry with others (at a noisy meal, party, etc) （在热闹的宴会上）狂饮作乐.

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48
Q

cataclysm

A

/ ˈkætəklɪzəm; ˋkætəˏklɪzəm/ n sudden violentchange or disaster, eg a flood, an earthquake, a revolution or a war 突发的剧烈变动或灾难（如洪水﹑ 地震﹑ 革命或战争）. > cataclysmic / ˏktəˈklɪzmɪk;ˏkætəˋklɪzmɪk/ adj: the cataclysmic events of 1939-45 1939-1945年间的战乱.

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49
Q

cater

A

intransitive verb
1 : to provide a supply of food
2 : to supply what is required or desired
transitive verb : to provide food and service for
–ca·ter·er -tər-ər\ noun

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50
Q

catharsis

A

/ kəˈθɑːsɪs; kəˋθɑrsɪs/ n (pl -ses / -siːz; -siz/)
[C, U] (instance of the) release of strong feelings through the effect of art, esp drama （通过艺术作用, 尤指戏剧）强烈情感的发抒.
[U] (medical 医) emptying of the bowels 导泻; 通便.
> cathartic / kəˈθɑːtɪk; kəˋθɑrtɪk/ adj causing catharsis; purgative 导泻的; 通便的. n (medical 医) purgative drug 泻药.

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51
Q

catholic

A

/ ˈkæθəlɪk; ˋkæθəlɪk/ adj including many or most things; general; universal 包罗万象的; 广泛的; 普遍的: have catholic tastes, interests, views, etc 广泛的爱好﹑ 兴趣﹑ 意见等.

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52
Q

caulk

A

(also esp US calk) / kɔːk; kɔk/ v [Tn] (a) make (esp a boat) watertight by filling the seams or joints with waterproof material （用防水材料填充缝隙或连接处）使（尤指船）不漏水. (b) fill up (esp cracks in wood) with a sticky substance 用黏性物质填塞（尤指木缝）; 泥（缝）.

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53
Q

cauterize

A

/ ˈkɔːtəraɪz; ˋkɔtəˏraɪz/ v [Tn] burn the surface of (body tissue) with a caustic substance or hot iron to destroy infection or stop bleeding （用腐蚀性物质或烙铁）烧灼（表皮组织）以消毒或止血: cauterize a snake-bite 烧灼蛇咬伤口

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54
Q

caveat

A

/ ˈkævɪæt, also ˈkeɪvɪæt; ˋkævɪˏæt, ˋkevɪˏæt/ n
(fml 文) warning; proviso 警告; 限制性条款: I recommend the deal, but with certain caveats. 我介绍这笔交易, 但有几项要提请注意.
(law 律) procedure for requesting a court to suspend proceedings until the opposition has been heard 中止诉讼的申请.

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55
Q

cavort

A

/ kəˈvɔːt; kəˋvɔrt/ v [I, Ip] ~ (about/around) jump about excitedly 欢跃; 跳跃: Stop cavorting around and sit still, just for five minutes! 别欢蹦乱跳的, 坐好了, 就五分钟!

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56
Q

celestial

/ sɪˈlestɪəl; US -tʃl; səˋlɛstʃəl/ adj

A

[attrib 作定语] of the sky 天的; 天空的: celestial bodies, eg the sun and the stars 天体（如太阳和星球）.
of heaven; divine 天上的; 神的; 天才的; 非凡的: (fig 比喻) the celestial beauty of her voice 她歌喉之美如闻天籁.

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57
Q

cellar

/ ˈselə(r); ˋsɛlɚ/ n

A

underground room for storing things （贮藏东西用的）地下室, 地窖: a coal cellar 地下煤窖.

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58
Q

cement

/ sɪˈment; səˋmɛnt/

A

1 [Tn] cover (sth) with cement(1) 用水泥铺（某物）.
2 [Tn, Tn.p] ~ A and B (together) join things together (as) with cement （如）用水泥粘合东西: He cemented the bricks into place. 他用水泥砌砖.
3 [Tn] (fig 比喻) establish (sth) firmly; strengthen 将（某事物）结合在一起; 加强; 巩固: cement a friendship 加强友谊.

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59
Q

census

/ ˈsensəs; ˋsɛnsəs/ n (pl ~es)

A

n (pl ~es) official counting of a country’s population or of other classes of things, eg traffic, for statistical purposes 人口统计; 人口调查; 人口普查.

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60
Q

centaur

/ ˈsentɔː(r); ˋsɛntɔr/ n

A

: any of a race of creatures fabled to be half human and half horse and to live in the mountains of Thessaly

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61
Q

centurion

/ senˈtjuərɪən; US -ˈtuər-; sɛnˋtʊrɪən/ n

A

n (in ancient Rome) officer commanding a unit of 100 soldiers （古罗马的）百人队队长.

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62
Q

ceramic

/ sɪˈræmɪk; səˋræmɪk/ adj

A

of or relating to pottery 陶器的; 与陶器有关的.

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63
Q

chafe

/ tʃeɪf; tʃef/ v

A

transitive verb
1 : IRRITATE, VEX
2 : to warm by rubbing especially with the hands
3 a : to rub so as to wear away : ABRADE *the strap chafed his skin b : to make sore by or as if by rubbing
intransitive verb
1 : to feel irritation, discontent, or impatience : FRET * chafes at the rules
2 : to rub and thereby cause wear or irritation

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64
Q

chaff

/ tʃɑːf; US tʃæf; tʃæf/

A

n [U]
outer covering of corn, etc, separated from the grain by threshing or winnowing 谷物的皮谷. Cf 参看 husk.
hay or straw cut up as food for cattle （切碎作饲料用的）乾草, 草料.

separate the sheep from the goats distinguish good people from bad people 把好人同坏人分开. separate the ,wheat from the chaff distinguish valuable people or things from worthless ones 把有价值的人或事物同无价值的分开: We have to sift through the application forms very carefully to separate the wheat from the chaff. 我们得把申请书仔细筛选一下以甄别优劣.
v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (about sth) (dated or fml 旧或文) tease sb in a good-natured way （善意地）戏弄某人, 开某人的玩笑: They chaffed him about his love-life. 他们拿他的爱情生活开玩笑.
> chaff n [U] good-natured teasing or joking （善意的）戏弄或玩笑.

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65
Q

chalice

/ ˈtʃælɪs; ˋtʃælɪs/

A

n large cup for holding wine, esp one from which consecrated wine is drunk at the Eucharist 大酒杯; （尤指）圣餐杯.

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66
Q

chameleon

/ kəˈmiːlɪən; kəˋmilɪən/

A

any of various types of small lizard that can change colour according to its surroundings 避役（能变色的小蜥蜴）; 变色龙.
(fig 比喻) person who changes his behaviour or opinions to suit the situation 改变行为或看法以适应情况的人.

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67
Q

char

/ tʃɑː(r); tʃɑr/

A

v (-rr-) (a) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become black by burning; scorch （使某物）燃烧而变黑; 烧焦: charred wood 烧焦的木头. (b) [Tn] reduce (sth) to charcoal by burning 使（某物）燃烧成焦炭: the charred remains of the bonfire 营火的余烬.

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68
Q

charisma

/ kəˈrɪzmə; kəˋrɪzmə/

A

n (pl ~s or ~ta)
[U] power to inspire devotion and enthusiasm 吸引人效忠的能力; 号召力: a politician with charisma 有一呼百应能力的政客.
[C] (religion 宗) power or talent given by God 神授的力量或才能.
> charismatic / ˏkærɪzˈmætɪk; ˏkærɪzˋmætɪk/ adj
1 having charisma 有号召力的; 有神授能力的: a charismatic figure, leader, politician, etc 有号召力的人物﹑ 领袖﹑ 政治家等.
2 (of a religious group) emphasizing the divine gifts, eg the power to heal the sick （指宗教组织）崇尚神赐天赋的（如治病的力量）. charismatically / -klɪ; -klɪ/ adv.

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69
Q

ATTRACT, ALLURE, CHARM, CAPTIVATE, FASCINATE, ENCHANT

A

ATTRACT, ALLURE, CHARM, CAPTIVATE, FASCINATE, ENCHANT mean to draw another by exerting a powerful influence. ATTRACT applies to any degree or kind of ability to exert influence over another *students attracted by the school’s locale. ALLURE implies an enticing by what is fair, pleasing, or seductive *an alluring smile. CHARM implies the power of casting a spell over the person or thing affected and so compelling a response *charmed by their hospitality, but it may, like CAPTIVATE suggest no more than evoking delight or admiration *her performances captivated audiences FASCINATE suggests a magical influence and tends to stress the ineffectiveness of attempts to resist *a story that continues to fascinate children ENCHANT is perhaps the strongest of these terms in stressing the appeal of the agent and the degree of delight evoked in the subject *hopelessly enchanted by her beauty

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70
Q

chary

/ ˈtʃeərɪ; ˋtʃɛrɪ/

A

adj (-ier, -iest) ~ (of sth) 1 cautious; wary 小心的; 谨慎的; 仔细的: chary of lending money 贷款谨慎的.
sparing 节省的; 舍不得的: chary of giving praise, ie seldom praising people 不轻易赞扬人的. > charily adv.

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71
Q

CHASE, PURSUE, FOLLOW, TRAIL

A

CHASE, PURSUE, FOLLOW, TRAIL mean to go after or on the track of something or someone. CHASE implies going swiftly after and trying to overtake something fleeing or running *a dog chasing a cat. PURSUE suggests a continuing effort to overtake, reach, or attain *pursued the criminal through narrow streets. FOLLOW puts less emphasis upon speed or intent to overtake *friends followed me home in their car. TRAIL may stress a following of tracks or traces rather than a visible object *trail deer *trailed a suspect across the country.

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72
Q

chasm

/ ˈkæzəm; ˋkæzəm/

A

n deep opening in the ground; abyss; gorge （地上的）深坑; 深渊; 峡谷.
(fig 比喻) wide difference of feelings or interests between people, groups, etc （人﹑ 团体等的情感或利益的）巨大差距, 分歧: the vast chasm separating rich and poor 贫富的鸿沟.

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73
Q

chaste

A

1 : innocent of unlawful sexual intercourse
2 : CELIBATE
3 : pure in thought and act : MODEST
4 a : severely simple in design or execution : AUSTERE b : CLEAN, SPOTLESS
–chaste·ly adverb
–chaste·ness 'chās(t)-nəs\ noun
synonyms CHASTE, PURE, MODEST, DECENT mean free from all taint of what is lewd or salacious. CHASTE primarily implies a refraining from acts or even thoughts or desires that are not virginal or not sanctioned by marriage vows *they maintained chaste relations. PURE differs from CHASTE in implying innocence and absence of temptation rather than control of one’s impulses and actions *the pure of heart. MODEST and DECENT apply especially to deportment and dress as outward signs of inward chastity or purity *preferred more modest swimsuits *decent people didn’t go to such movies.

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74
Q

chastise

/ tʃæˈstaɪz; tʃæsˋtaɪz/

A

punish (sb) severely, esp by beating 严惩（某人）（尤指责打）.

> chastisement / tʃæˈstaɪzmənt, also ˈtʃæstɪzmənt; tʃæsˋtaɪzmənt; ˋtʃæstɪzmənt/ n [C, U] (fml 文) severe punishment 严惩.

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75
Q

cherub

A

/ ˈtʃerəb; ˋtʃɛrəb/ n
(pl ~im / ˈtʃerəbɪm; ˋtʃɛrə-bɪm/) (Bible 圣经) one of the second highest order of angels, usu represented in paintings as a plump child with wings 二级天使（通常绘作圆胖有翼的孩子）. =>illus at angel 见angel之插图. Cf 参看 seraph.
(pl ~s) (a) (in art) angelic plump child with wings （艺术上的）天使般的圆胖而有翼的孩子. (b) sweet or innocent-looking child 可爱的或天真无邪的孩子.
> cherubic / tʃɪˈruːbɪk; tʃəˋrubɪk/ adj (esp of a child) with a plump and innocent face （尤指孩子）有着胖乎乎而天真无邪的面孔的.

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76
Q

chicanery

/ ʃɪˈkeɪnərɪ; ʃɪˋkenərɪ/ n

A

/ ʃɪˈkeɪnərɪ; ʃɪˋkenərɪ/ n
[U] use of clever but misleading talk in order to trick sb, esp in legal matters; dishonest practice 耍花招哄骗别人（尤指於法律事务中）; 不诚实的行为: accuse a politician of chicanery 谴责一政客的欺骗手段.
[C] trick or deception 哄骗; 欺骗.

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77
Q

chide

A

REPROVE, REBUKE, REPRIMAND, ADMONISH, REPROACH, CHIDE mean to criticize adversely. REPROVE implies an often kindly intent to correct a fault . REBUKE suggests a sharp or stern reproof . REPRIMAND implies a severe, formal, often public or official rebuke . ADMONISH suggests earnest or friendly warning and counsel . REPROACH and CHIDE suggest displeasure or disappointment expressed in mild reproof or scolding .

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78
Q

chimera

/ kaɪˈmɪərə; kaɪˋmɪrə/

A

n
imaginary monster made up of parts of several different animals （由几种动物的各部分构成的）假想的怪物.
(fig 比喻) wild or impossible idea 不可能实现的想法; 幻想; 妄想.
> chimerical / kaɪˈmerɪkl; kaɪˋmɛrɪkl/ adj unreal; fanciful 不真实的; 奇异的: chimerical ideas, schemes, etc 异想天开的主意﹑ 计划等.

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79
Q

chisel

/ ˈtʃɪzl; ˋtʃɪzl/

A

n tool with a sharp cutting edge at the end, for shaping wood, stone or metal 凿子; 錾子. =>illus 见插图.
> chisel v (-ll-; US also -l-)
[Tn, Tn.pr] (a) ~ sth (into sth) cut or shape sth with a chisel 用凿子或錾子凿开或凿成某物: The sculptor chiselled the lump of marble into a fine statue. 雕刻家把大理石块凿成优美的雕像. * (fig 比喻) a woman with (finely) chiselled features, ie a sharply defined face 眉清目秀的女人. (b) ~ sth (out of sth) form sth using a chisel 用凿子做成某物: a temple chiselled out of solid rock 在岩石中凿出的庙宇.
[Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (out of sth) (sl 俚) cheat or swindle sb 欺骗或诈骗某人.

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80
Q

chivalry

/ ˈʃɪvəlrɪ; ˋʃɪvlrɪ/

A

[U]
(a) (in the Middle Ages) ideal qualities expected of a knight, such as courage, honour, courtesy and concern for the weak and helpless （中世纪的）骑士精神（如勇气﹑ 荣誉感﹑ 谦恭及扶助弱小等）. (b) religious, moral and social system of the Middle Ages, based on these qualities 骑士制度: the age of chivalry 骑士制度时代.
courtesy and considerate behaviour, esp towards women 谦恭有礼及体贴殷勤（尤指对女子）.
> chivalrous / ˈʃɪvlrəs; ˋʃɪvlrəs/ adj
1 (in the Middle Ages) showing the qualities of a perfect knight （中世纪的）表现出完美的骑士精神的.
2 (of men) courteous and considerate towards women; gallant （指男子）对女子谦恭有礼及体贴殷勤的, 有骑士风度的: a chivalrous old gentleman 彬彬有体的绅士. chivalrously adv.

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81
Q

choice

A

be spoilt for choice have so many possibilities to choose from that it is difficult to choose 因供选择的事物过多而无从下手. spare the rod and spoil the child for choicepreferably 宁可. of one’s choicethat one chooses 某人所选定的: First prize in the competition will be a meal at the restaurant of your choice. 获头奖者可自选饭店用一餐. out of/from choicewillingly 愿意地: do sth out of choice 出於自愿做某事物. you pays your money and you takes your choice > choiceadj (-r, -st)1[esp attrib 尤作定语] (esp of fruit and vegetables) of very good quality （尤指水果和蔬菜）优质的.2carefully chosen 精选的: She summed up the situation in a few choice phrases. 她言简意赅地总结了情况. * (joc 谑) He used some pretty choice (ie rude or offensive) language! 他使用粗鄙的语言!

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82
Q

choke

/ tʃəuk; tʃok/

A

v
[I, Ipr] ~ (on sth) be unable to breathe because one’s windpipe is blocked by sth 窒息: She choked (to death) on a fish bone. 鱼刺把她卡住而窒息（致死）.
[Tn] cause (sb) to stop breathing by squeezing or blocking the windpipe; (of smoke, etc) make (sb) unable to breathe easily （掐住或阻塞气管）使（某人）停止呼吸; （指烟等）使（某人）难以呼吸; 呛: choke the life out of sb 扼死某人 * The fumes almost choked me. 烟雾几乎把我呛死.
[I, Ipr, Tn] ~ (with sth) (cause sb to) become speechless （使某人）说不出话来: She was choking with emotion. 她激动得说不出话来. * Anger choked his words. 他气得说不出话来.
[Tn, Tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Tn.p esp passive 尤用於被动语态] ~ sth (up) (with sth) block or fill (a passage, space, etc); clog or smother sth 阻塞, 充满（通道﹑ 空间等）; 填满某物; 窒息某物: The drains are choked (up) with dead leaves. 下水道被枯叶堵住. * The garden is choked with weeds. 花园杂草丛生.
(phr v) choke sth back restrain or suppress sth 克制﹑ 抑制﹑ 忍住或压制某事物: choke back one’s tears, anger, indignation 忍住眼泪﹑ 愤怒﹑ 义愤. choke sth down swallow sth with difficulty 困难地咽下某物. choke sb off (infml 口) (a) interrupt sb rudely or abruptly 粗鲁地或突然阻止某人. (b) reprimand sb severely (for doing sth) 严厉申斥某人（之所为）.
> choke n
1 act or sound of choking 窒息; 窒息时发出的声音.
2 (knob which operates the) valve controlling the flow of air into a petrol engine 阻风门（开关）（控制进入汽油机空气量的阀门）: Won’t your car start? Try giving it a bit more choke, ie letting more air into the engine by pulling out the choke. 你的汽车不能启动啦? 把阻风门开大一点儿（外拉阻风门钮让更多的空气进入发动机）. =>illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xii.
choked adj [pred 作表语] ~ (about sth) (infml 口) upset; angry 心烦; 愤怒: He was pretty choked about being dropped from the team. 他因为队里未选用他而耿耿於怀.

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83
Q

choleric

/ ˈkɔlərɪk; ˋkɑlərɪk/

A

1 : easily moved to often unreasonable or excessive anger : hot-tempered
2 : ANGRY, IRATE

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84
Q

choreograph

/ ˈkɔrɪəgrɑːf, also -græf; US ˈkɔːrɪəgræf; ˋkɔrɪəˏɡræf/

A

[Tn] design and arrange steps and dances for (a ballet, etc) 为（芭蕾舞等）设计舞步与编舞; 设计舞蹈动作.

85
Q

chromatic

/ krəuˈmætɪk; kroˋmætɪk/

A

adj
(a) of colour 有颜色的. (b) in bright colours 颜色鲜艳的.
(music 音) having the notes of the chromatic scale 有半音阶的; 半音的.
# chro,matic `scale (music 音) series of notes rising or falling in semitones 半音音阶.

86
Q

chronic

/ ˈkrɔnɪk; ˋkrɑnɪk/ adj

A

adj
(esp of a disease) lasting for a long time; continually recurring （尤指疾病）长期的, 慢性的; 连续复发的: chronic bronchitis, arthritis, etc 慢性支气管炎﹑ 关节炎等 * the country’s chronic unemployment problem 国家的长期失业问题. Cf 参看 acute.
having had a disease or a habit for a long time 长期患病的; 长期有某种习惯的: a chronic alcoholic, invalid, etc 长期酗酒的﹑ 病弱的等.
(Brit sl 俚) very bad 极坏的: The film was absolutely chronic. 这个电影糟透了. > chronically / ˈkrɔnɪklɪ; ˋkrɑnɪklɪ/ adv: the chronically ill 患有慢性病的.

87
Q

churl

/ tʃɜːl; tʃəl/

A

bad-mannered or bad-tempered person 举止或脾气不佳的人; 粗暴的人. > churlish adj: It seems churlish to refuse such a generous offer. 拒绝这样慷慨的建议未免有些失礼. churlishly adv. churlishness n [U].

88
Q

cinder

/ ˈsɪndə(r); ˋsɪndɚ/

A

[C] small piece of partly burnt coal, wood, etc that is no longer burning but may still be hot 煤渣, 炭渣, 炉渣等（不再燃烧但仍可能有余热）.
cinders [pl] ashes 灰.
(idm 习语) burn, etc sth to a `cinder cook (food) until it is hard and black 将（食物）做?胡: The cakes were burnt to a cinder. 饼烤?胡了.

89
Q

circumscribe

/ ˈsɜːkəmskraɪb; ˏsəkəmˋskraɪb/

A

v [Tn]
(fml 文) restrict (sth) within limits; confine 将（某事物）限制於一定范围内; 约束: a life circumscribed by poverty 受制於贫穷的一生.
draw a line round (a geometrical figure) so that it touches all the outside points 画（几何图形的）外接圆: circumscribe a square 画正方形的外接圆.
> circumscription / ˏsɜːkəmˈskrɪpʃn; ˏsəkəmˋskrɪpʃən/n [U] circumscribing or being circumscribed 限制; 受限制; 画外接圆.

90
Q

CIRCUMSTANTIAL, MINUTE, PARTICULAR, DETAILED

A

CIRCUMSTANTIAL, MINUTE, PARTICULAR, DETAILED mean dealing with a matter fully and usually point by point. CIRCUMSTANTIAL implies fullness of detail that fixes something described in time and space <a>. MINUTE implies close and searching attention to the smallest details <a>. PARTICULAR implies a precise attention to every detail <a>. DETAILED stresses abundance or completeness of detail <a>.</a></a></a></a>

91
Q

circumvent

/ ˏsɜːkəmˈvent; ˏsəkəmˋvɛnt/

A

v [Tn] (fml 文) find a way of overcoming or avoiding (sth) 设法克服或避免（某事物）; 规避; 回避: circumvent a law, rule, problem, difficulty 规避一法规﹑ 规则﹑ 问题﹑ 困难. > circumvention / ˏsɜːkəmˈvenʃn; ˏsəkəmˋvɛnʃən/ n [U].

92
Q

civility

A

1 archaic : training in the humanities

2 a : civilized conduct especially : COURTESY, POLITENESS b : a polite act or expression

93
Q

clairvoyance

/ kleəˈvɔɪəns; klɛrˋvɔɪəns/ n

A

n [U] supposedpower of seeing in the mind either future events or things that exist or are happening out of sight （超人的）视力, 洞察力.

94
Q

clam

/ klæm; klæm/ n

A

large shellfish with a hinged shell 蛤; 蛤蜊; 蚌.
> clam v (-mm-)
[I] (US) (usu 通常作 go clamming) dig for clams (on a beach) （在沙滩上）挖蛤.
(phr v) clam up (infml 口) become silent; refuse to speak 沉默不语; 拒不说话: He always clammed up when we asked him about his family. 我们一问到他的家庭时, 他总是闭口不言.
# `clambake n (US) picnic on the sea-shore at which clams and other seafood are cooked and eaten 烤蚌野餐（在海滨以蛤和其他海味为主的野餐）.

95
Q

clandestine

/ klænˈdestɪn; klænˋdɛstɪn/

A

adj (fml 文) done secretly; kept secret; surreptitious 秘密的; 保密的; 暗中的: a clan,destine `marriage 秘密结婚.

96
Q

clan

/ klæn; klæn/ n

A

n [CGp]
group of families, esp in Scotland, descended from a common ancestor 宗族; 家族; （尤指苏格兰的）氏族: the Campbell clan/the clan Campbell 坎贝尔氏族.
(infml 口) large family forming a close group 大家族; 大家庭.
group of people closely connected by similar aims, interests, etc; coterie 集团; 帮会; 宗派.
> clannish adj (often derog 常作贬义) (of members of a group) associating closely with each other and showing little interest in other people （指集团的成员）抱成一团的.

97
Q

clasp

A

n device for fastening things (eg the ends of a belt or a necklace) together 钩子, 扣子, 扣环（如腰带或项链的两端）: The clasp of my brooch is broken. 我胸针的钩子坏了.
(a) firm hold with the hand; grasp; grip 紧握; 抓; 攥: He held her hand in a firm clasp. 他紧紧握着她的手. (b) embrace 拥抱.
# `clasp-knife n folding knife with a catch for holding the blade open 弹簧摺刀. clasp 2
/ klɑːsp; US klæsp; klæsp/ v
(a) [Tn, Tn.p] hold (sb/sth) tightly in the hand 握紧（某人[某物]）; 紧握; 攥: She was clasping a knife. 她攥着一把刀. * They clasped hands (ie held each other’s hands) briefly before saying goodbye. 他们匆匆握手告别. * His hands were clasped (together) in prayer. 他祈祷时双手十指交叉（在一起）握着. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] hold (sb) tightly with the arms; embrace 抱紧（某人）; 拥抱: He clasped her to his chest. 他把她紧紧地抱在怀里. * They stood clasped in each other’s arms. 他们站着相互拥抱.
[I, Tn, Tn.pr] be fastened or fasten (sth) with a clasp1(1) 被扣紧; 被钩紧: clasp a bracelet round one’s wrist 将手镯戴在手腕上.

98
Q

cleft

A

/ kleft; klɛft/ n crack or split occurring naturally (eg in the ground or in rock) （自然形成的）裂缝, 裂口（如地上或岩石中的）.

99
Q

clemency /ˈklemənsi/

A

forgiveness and less severe punishment for a crime
grant/give sb clemency
　She was granted clemency after killing her violent husband.

100
Q

SUMMIT, PEAK, PINNACLE, CLIMAX, APEX, ACME, CULMINATION

A

SUMMIT, PEAK, PINNACLE, CLIMAX, APEX, ACME, CULMINATION mean the highest point attained or attainable. SUMMIT implies the topmost level attainable . PEAK suggests the highest among other high points . PINNACLE suggests a dizzying and often insecure height . CLIMAX implies the highest point in an ascending series . APEX implies the point where all ascending lines converge . ACME implies a level of quality representing the perfection of a thing <a>. CULMINATION suggests the outcome of a growth or development representing an attained objective .</a>

101
Q

clinch

/ klɪntʃ; klɪntʃ/

A

v
[Tn] fix (a nail or rivet) firmly in place by hammering sideways the end that sticks out 敲弯（穿出的钉尖）使之牢固.
[Tn] (infml 口) confirm or settle (sth) finally 最终确定或解决（某事物）: clinch a deal/an argument/a bargain 成交[解决争端/谈妥买卖].
[I] (esp of boxers) hold each other tightly with the arms （尤指拳击手）互相扭抱: The boxers clinched and the referee had to separate them. 拳击手扭抱在一起, 裁判让他们分开. * (infml 口) The scene ended as the lovers clinched. 这一幕结束时, 情人相互拥抱在一起.
> clinch n (a) (in boxing) act or instance of clinching (clinch 3) （拳击中）扭抱: get into a clinch 扭抱在一起 * break a clinch 将扭抱的拳击手分开. (b) (infml 口) embrace 拥抱.
clincher n (infml 口) point or remark that settles an argument, etc 起决定性作用的论点或言语.

102
Q

clipper

A

n
clippers [pl] instrument for clipping nails, hair, hedges, etc 剪指甲﹑ 毛发﹑ 树篱等的工具; 剪刀; 指甲刀; 推子; 羊毛剪: (a pair of) nailclippers （一把）指甲剪. =>illus 见插图.
fast sailing-ship快速帆船.

103
Q

clique

A

: a narrow exclusive circle or group of persons especially : one held together by common interests, views, or purposes

104
Q

clog

A

/ klɔg; klɑɡ/ n shoe made entirely of wood or with a wooden sole 全木制的或有木底的鞋; 木屐.
# `clog-dance n dance performed by people wearing clogs 木屐舞. clog 2
/ klɔg; klɑɡ/ v (-gg-) [I, Ipr, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) (with sth) (cause sth to) become blocked with thick or sticky material （稠的或黏的材料）阻塞, 塞住: The pipes are clogging up. 管子渐渐被堵塞. * a drain clogged up with dead leaves 枯叶堵住的排水道 * pores clogged with dirt 被脏物堵塞的毛孔 * That heavy oil will clog up the machinery, ie prevent it from working properly. 这种重油会妨碍机器的运转. * (fig 比喻) Don’t clog (up) your memory with useless facts. 别满脑子装着那些没用的事.

105
Q

cloister

A

/ ˈklɔɪstə(r); ˋklɔɪstɚ/ n
[C, often pl 常作复数] covered passage around an open court or quadrangle, with a wall on the outer side and columns or arches on the inner side, esp within a convent or college, or attached to a cathedral 回廊.
(a) [C] convent or monastery 修道院. (b) [sing] life in a convent or monastery 修道院的生活: the calm of the cloister 修道院的幽静.
> cloister v [Tn, Tn.p] ~ oneself/sb (away) shut oneself/sb away (as if) in a cloister 使自己[某人]与世隔绝（像在修道院内）: He cloistered himself away with his books. 他只顾埋头读书. cloistered adj secluded; sheltered 隐居的; 隐匿的: a cloistered life 隐居的生活.

106
Q

clot

A

/ klɔt; klɑt/ n
half-solid lump formed from a liquid, eg from blood when it is exposed to the air （液体结成的）凝块（如血块）: blood clots 血块.
(Brit infml joc 口, 谑) stupid person; fool 笨蛋; 傻瓜: You silly clot! 你这个大笨蛋!
> clot v (-tt-) [I, Tn] (cause sth to) form clots （使某物）凝固: A haemophiliac’s blood will not clot properly. 血友病患者的血液凝固不良.
# ,clotted `cream (Brit) thick cream made by scalding milk 凝结的乳脂（将乳类加热煮沸而成）.

107
Q

cloture

/ ˈkləutʃə(r); ˋklotʃɚ/

A

: the closing or limitation of debate in a legislative body especially by calling for a vote
–cloture transitive verb

108
Q

: the closing or limitation of debate in a legislative body especially by calling for a vote
–cloture transitive verb
cloudburst

A

1 : a sudden copious rainfall

2 : a sudden outpouring : DELUGE <a></a>

109
Q

clout

/ klaut; klaʊt/ n (infml 口)

A

n (infml 口)
[C] heavy blow with the hand or a hard object （用手或硬物）猛击, 敲, 打: get a clout across the back of the head 脑後受到狠狠一击.
[U] power or influence 权力; 影响力: This union hasn’t much clout with the Government. 这个组织对政府没有什麽影响力.
> clout v [Tn] (infml 口) hit (sb/sth) heavily with the hand or a hard object （用手或硬物）猛击, 打（某人[某物]）.

110
Q

clown

/ klaun; klaʊn/ n

A

/ klaun; klaʊn/ n
comic entertainer (esp in a circus) who paints his face and dresses in a ridiculous way and performs funny or foolish tricks 滑稽演员; （尤指马戏团的）小丑.
person who is always behaving comically 举止一贯滑稽可笑的人.
> clown v [I, Ip] ~ (about/around) (usu derog 通常作贬义) act in a foolish or comical way, like a clown 扮小丑: Stop clowning around! 不要再像小丑那样胡闹了!

111
Q

cluster

/ ˈklʌstə(r); ˋklʌstɚ/

A

n
number of things of the same kind growing closely together （丛生的）簇, 丛, 团, 串: a cluster of berries, flowers, curls 一簇浆果﹑ 花﹑ 鬈发 * ivy growing in thick clusters 成丛生长的常春藤.
number of people, animals or things grouped closely together （任何的）群, 堆, 组, 团, 串: a cluster of houses, spectators, bees, islands, diamonds, stars 密密匝匝的房屋﹑ 观众﹑ 蜜蜂﹑ 岛屿﹑ 钻石﹑ 星星 * a consonant cluster, eg str in strong 辅音连缀（如strong中的 str）.
> cluster v (phr v) cluster/be clustered (together) round sb/sth form a cluster round sb/sth; surround sb/sth closely 聚集在某人[某物]的周围; 丛生; 群聚: roses clustering round the window 绕着窗户丛生的玫瑰花 * The village clusters round the church. 村子的房屋围绕在教堂的四周. * Reporters (were) clustered round the Prime Minister. 记者把首相团团围住.

112
Q

coagulate

/ kəuˈægjuleɪt; koˋæɡjəˏlet/

A

v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) change from a liquid to a thick and semi-solid state; clot （使液体）变为半固体状态; 凝固: Blood coagulates in air. 血液遇到空气就凝结. * Air coagulates blood. 空气能使血液凝结. > coagulation / kəu-ˏgjuˈleɪʃn; koˏæɡjəˋleʃən/ n [U].

113
Q

coalesce

/ ˏkəuəˈles; ˏkoəˋlɛs/

A

v [I] (fml 文) combine and form one group, substance, mass, etc 联合; 结合; 合并: The views of party leaders coalesced to form a coherent policy. 党的领导人的各种观点已统一为一致的政策. > coalescence / ˏkəuəˈlesns; ˏkoəˋlɛsns/ n [U].

114
Q

coal

/ kəul; kol/ n

A

carry coals to `Newcastle take goods to a place where they are already plentiful; supply sth unnecessarily 多此一举.

haul sb up (before sb) (infml 口) bring sb to be tried or reprimanded 把某人带上来审问或训斥: He was hauled up before the local magistrates for disorderly conduct. 他因妨害治安被送交地方法官究办.
heap coals of `fire on sb’s head make sb feel remorse for treating one badly by treating him well in return 对某人以德报怨而使之愧悔.

115
Q

coalition

/ ˏkəuəˈlɪʃn; ˏkoəˋlɪʃən/

A

n
[U] action of uniting into one body or group 结合; 联合.
[CGp] temporary alliance between political parties, usu in order to form a government 政党间的暂时联合（通常为成立联合政府的）: form a coalition 结成同盟 * a left-wing coalition 左翼联盟 * [attrib 作定语] a coalition government 联合政府.

116
Q

cobble

A

n rounded stone formerly used for covering the surfaces of roads, etc （旧时用於铺路面等的）圆石, 鹅卵石: The cart clattered over the cobble-stones. 马车??地驶过石子路.
> cobble v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] cover the surface of (a road) with cobbles 用圆石铺（路）面: cobbled streets 用圆石铺的街道. cobble 2
/ ˈkɔbl; ˋkɑbl/ v
[Tn] repair (shoes) 修补（鞋）.
[Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (together) put sth together or make sth hastily or clumsily 胡乱拼凑; 粗制滥造: The student cobbled together an essay in half an hour. 这个学生用半小时草草拼凑了一篇文章.

117
Q

cocoon

/ kəˈkuːn; kəˋkun/

A

n
silky covering made by an insect larva to protect itself while it is a chrysalis 茧.
any soft protective covering 任何保护性软套: wrapped in a cocoon of blankets 裹在毯子里.
> cocoon v [esp passive 尤用於被动语态: Tn, Tn.pr] cover or wrap (sb/sth) in a cocoon 将（某人[某物]）盖在或裹在保护层里: cocooned in luxury 在奢侈的环境中.

118
Q

coda

/ ˈkəudə; ˋkodə/ n

A

final passage of a piece of music （乐曲的）尾声.

119
Q

coddle

/ ˈkɔdl; ˋkɑdl/

A

1 : to cook (as eggs) in liquid slowly and gently just below the boiling point
2 : to treat with extreme or excessive care or kindness : PAMPER *accused the court of coddling criminals

120
Q

coerce

/ kəuˈɜːs; koˋəs/

A

1:to restrain or dominate by force *religion in the past has tried to coerce the irreligious ― W. R. Inge2:to compel to an act or choice *was coerced into agreeing3:to achieve by force or threat *coerce compliance

121
Q

THINK, COGITATE, REFLECT, REASON, SPECULATE, DELIBERATE

A

THINK, COGITATE, REFLECT, REASON, SPECULATE, DELIBERATE mean to use one’s powers of conception, judgment, or inference. THINK is general and may apply to any mental activity, but used alone often suggests attainment of clear ideas or conclusions . COGITATE implies deep or intent thinking . REFLECT suggests unhurried consideration of something recalled to the mind . REASON stresses consecutive logical thinking . SPECULATE implies reasoning about things theoretical or problematic . DELIBERATE suggests slow or careful reasoning before forming an opinion or reaching a conclusion or decision .

122
Q

cognizance

/ ˈkɔgnɪzəns; ˋkɑɡnəzəns/

A

n [U]
(fml 文) knowledge; awareness 知觉; 获知; 认识: have cognizance of sth 认识到某事物.
(esp law 尤用於法律) scope or extent of sb’s knowledge or concern 审理; 审理权; 审判权: These matters fall within/go beyond the cognizance of this court. 这些问题在本法庭审理范围之内[外].
(idm 习语) take cognizance of sth (esp law 尤用於法律) take notice of sth; acknowledge sth officially 注意到某事物; 正式获知某事物; 受理: take cognizance of new evidence 注意到新的证据.
> cognizant adj [pred 作表语] ~ of sth (fml 文) having knowledge of sth; aware of sth 知道某事物; 认识某事物.

123
Q

colander

(also cullender) / ˈkʌləndə(r); ˋkʌləndɚ/ n

A

metal or plastic bowl with many small holes in it, used to drain water from vegetables, etc, esp after cooking 滤盆; 滤锅; 漏勺.

124
Q

collage

/ ˈkɔlɑːʒ; US kəˈlɑːʒ; kəˋlɑʒ/ n

A

n [C, U] (picture made by) fixing pieces of paper, cloth, photographs, etc to a surface （用纸片﹑ 布片﹑ 照片等碎片）拼贴; 拼贴画.
a collage of ideas

125
Q

hodgepodge

A

a heterogeneous mixture : JUMBLE

a hodgepodge of styles

126
Q

collate

/ kəˈleɪt; kəˋlet/ v

A

[Tn, Tn.pr] ~ A and B/~ A with B examine and compare (two books, manuscripts, etc) in order to find the differences between them 核对, 校对（书﹑ 底稿等）: collate a new edition with an earlier one 将新版本与旧版本进行核对.
[Tn] collect together and arrange (information, pages of a book, etc) in the correct order 检点并整理（书页等）.
> collation / kəˈleɪʃn; kəˋleʃən/ n [U] action of collating 核对; 整理.

127
Q

bolt

A

a bolt from the blue unexpected (and usu unwelcome) event; complete surprise 意外的（通常为不受欢迎的）事件; 晴天霹雳: The news of his death was (like) a bolt from the blue. 他逝世的消息犹如晴天霹雳. the nuts and bolts (infml 口) basic practical details 基本要点: dealing with the nuts and bolts of the project 处理该计画的基本要点shoot one’s bolt (infml 口) make one’s final effort, so that there is nothing further one can do to achieve one’s aim 竭尽全力.
> bolt v
1 (a) [I, Tn] fasten (sth) with a bolt1(1) 将（某物）闩上: The gate bolts on the inside. 这大门是从里面闩上的. * Remember to bolt all the doors and windows. 别忘将所有门窗闩住. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p]. ~ A to B; ~ A and B (together) fasten objects (together) with bolts (bolt1 2) 用螺栓将物体固定住: The vice is bolted to the work-bench. 老虎钳是用螺栓拧在工作台上的. * The various parts of the car are bolted together. 这辆汽车的各种配件是用螺栓装在一起的.
2 (phr v) bolt sb in/out prevent sb from leavingentering a room, house, etc by bolting the doors, etc 将门等闩上不让某人出[入].

bolt 2
bəult; bolt v
[I] (a) (esp of a horse) run away suddenly out of control （尤指马）惊（突然失控逃跑）: The horse bolted in terror at the sound of the gun. 枪声把马吓惊了. (b) (of a person) run away quickly （指人）迅速逃跑: When the police arrived the burglars bolted. 警察来到时, 窃贼立即逃跑了.
[Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (down) swallow (food) quickly 匆匆吞咽（食物）: Don’t bolt your food you’ll get indigestion! 别这麽狼吞虎咽–你会消化不良的!
[I] (of plants) grow quickly upwards and stop flowering when seeds are produced （指植物）迅速成长结子而不再开花: My lettuces have bolted. 我种的莴苣已经结子了.
(idm 习语) lock the stable door after the horse has bolted try to prevent or avoid loss, damage, etc when it is already too late 亡马锁厩, 为时已晚; 贼去关门.
> bolt n
1 [sing] act of bolting (bolt2 1b); sudden dash 逃跑; 猛冲.
2 (idm 习语) make a bolt/dash/run for it try to escapeto reach sth quickly 试图迅速逃走[抵达某处]: When the police arrived he made a bolt for itfor the door. 警方来到时, 他慌忙逃走[夺门而逃]了.
bolt-hole n place to which one can escape 可供逃奔的地方.

bolt 3
bəult; bolt adv (idm 习语) bolt upright very straight; quite upright 挺直地; 直立地: sit bolt upright 挺直地坐着.

128
Q

bonnet

A

have a bee in one’s bonnet (about sth) (infml 口) have a particular idea which occupies one’s thoughts continually 头脑中总是不断地想着某一件事: Our teacher has a bee in his bonnet about punctuation. 我们的老师没完没了地琢磨着标点符号.

129
Q

BEARING, DEPORTMENT, DEMEANOR, MIEN, MANNER, CARRIAGE

A

BEARING, DEPORTMENT, DEMEANOR, MIEN, MANNER, CARRIAGE mean the outward manifestation of personality or attitude. BEARING is the most general of these words but now usually implies characteristic posture *a woman of regal bearing. DEPORTMENT suggests actions or behavior as formed by breeding or training *your deportment was atrocious. DEMEANOR suggests one’s attitude toward others as expressed in outward behavior *the haughty demeanor of the headwaiter. MIEN is a literary term referring both to bearing and demeanor *a mien of supreme self-satisfaction. MANNER implies characteristic or customary way of moving and gesturing and addressing others *the imperious manner of a man used to giving orders. CARRIAGE applies chiefly to habitual posture in standing or walking *the kind of carriage learned at boarding school.

130
Q

PUNISH, CHASTISE, CASTIGATE, CHASTEN, DISCIPLINE, CORRECT

A

PUNISH, CHASTISE, CASTIGATE, CHASTEN, DISCIPLINE, CORRECT mean to inflict a penalty on in requital for wrongdoing. PUNISH implies subjecting to a penalty for wrongdoing *punished for stealing. CHASTISE may apply to either the infliction of corporal punishment or to verbal censure or denunciation *chastised his son for neglecting his studies. CASTIGATE usually implies a severe, typically public censure *an editorial castigating the entire city council. CHASTEN suggests any affliction or trial that leaves one humbled or subdued *chastened by a landslide election defeat. DISCIPLINE implies a punishing or chastening in order to bring under control *parents must discipline their children. CORRECT implies punishing aimed at reforming an offender *the function of prison is to correct the wrongdoer.

131
Q

gauche

/ gəuʃ; ɡoʃ/ adj

A

1 a : lacking social experience or grace also : not tactful : CRUDE *it would be gauche to mention the subject I find him terribly gauche. 我认为他太不圆通了b : crudely made or done *a gauche turn of phrase. * a gauche manner, person, remark 不雅 的举止﹑ 人﹑ 言语. a rather gauche style, technique, etc 拙劣的文体﹑ 技艺等.
2 : not planar *gauche conformation of molecules
AWKWARD, CLUMSY, MALADROIT, INEPT, GAUCHE mean not marked by ease (as of performance, movement, or social conduct). AWKWARD is widely applicable and may suggest unhandiness, inconvenience, lack of muscular control, embarrassment, or lack of tact *periods of awkward silence. CLUMSY implies stiffness and heaviness and so may connote inflexibility, unwieldiness, or lack of ordinary skill *a clumsy mechanic. MALADROIT suggests a tendency to create awkward situations *a maladroit politician. INEPT often implies complete failure or inadequacy *a hopelessly inept defense attorney. GAUCHE implies the effects of shyness, inexperience, or ill breeding *felt gauche and unsophisticated at formal parties.

132
Q

colloquium

/kəˈləukwiəm US -ˈlou-/

A

a usually academic meeting at which specialists deliver addresses on a topic or on related topics and then answer questions relating to them

133
Q

collude

/ kəˈluːd; kəˋlud/ v

A

: CONSPIRE, PLOT colluded to keep prices high

134
Q

commute

kə`mju:t; kəˋmjut v

A

[I, Ipr, Ip] travel regularly by bus, train or car between one’s place of work (usu in a city) and one’s home (usu at a distance) 通勤（乘汽车或火车经常往返於市区工作处与郊区住所之间）: She commutes from Oxford to London every day. 她每天通勤於牛津和伦敦之间. * She lives in Oxford and commutes (in). 她住在牛津而通勤来往.
[Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (to sth) replace (one punishment) by another that is less severe 减（刑）: commute a death sentence (to one of life imprisonment) 将死刑减刑（改为无期徒刑） * She was given a commuted sentence. 她获减刑判决.
[Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (forinto sth) change sth, esp one form of payment, for or into sth else 改变某事物（尤指付款方式）: commute one’s pension 改变退休金的付款方式 * commute an annuity into a lump sum 将年金改为一次性总付款.
* commutable kəmju:təbl; kəˋmjutəbl adj ~ (forinto sth) that can be made, paid, etc in a different form 可用不同方式制造﹑ 偿付等的: A pension is often commutable into a lump sum. 养老金常可改为一次性总付款. commutation ,kɔmju:teɪʃn; ,kɑmjʊˋteʃən n
1 [C, U] replacement of one punishment by another that is less severe 减刑: He appealed for (a) commutation of the death sentence to life imprisonment. 他已上诉请求将死刑减为无期徒刑.
2 (a) [U] replacing one method of payment by another, eg a lump sum instead of a pension 变换付款方法（如以一次性总付款代替年金）. (b) [C] payment made in this way 以上述方式付的款. commutation ticket (US) bus or train ticket valid for a fixed number of trips during a given period of time （公共汽车或火车的）长期车票. Cf 参看 season ticket (season).
commuter n person who commutes (commute 1) 通勤者: The five o’clock train is always packed with commuters. 五点钟那趟车总是挤满了通勤者. * [attrib 作定语] the commuter belt, ie the area around a large city, from which people commute to work 通勤者居住带（环绕在大城市周围的通勤者居住区）.

135
Q

reprieve

rɪ`pri:v; rɪˋpriv

A

ostpone or cancel a punishment for (sb), esp the death sentence 缓期执行或撤消对（某人）的惩罚（尤指死刑）: reprieve a condemned prisoner 缓期执行已决犯的死刑.
(fig 比喻) give temporary relief from danger, trouble, etc to (sbsth) 暂时缓解（某人[某事物]）的危险﹑ 困难等: The tree that was due to be cut down has been reprieved for six months. 原定砍伐的那棵树已经推迟六个月再砍.
* reprieve n
1 (a) [U] postponement or cancellation of a punishment, esp the death sentence 刑罚（尤指死刑）的缓期执行或撤消: the reprieve of the hostages 对人质的暂缓处决. (b) [C] order for this to happen 缓刑令（尤指死刑的）: grant (sb) a reprievea reprieve to sb 准许（某人）缓期受刑 * The prisoner won a last-minute reprieve. 那囚犯在临刑前获得了缓刑.
2 [U, C] (fig 比喻) temporary relief from danger, trouble, etc （危险﹑ 因难等的）暂时缓解.

136
Q

compact

kəm`pækt; kəmˋpækt

A

adj
(a) closely packed together 装填紧密的: a compact mass of sand 坚实的沙堆 * Stamp the soil down so that it’s compact. 把泥土踩结实. (b) neatly fitted in a small space （在一个小空间里）整齐填满的: a compact flat, car, kit 小型的单元﹑ 汽车﹑ 箱子等 * The computer looks compact and functional. 这个计算机看起来小巧而实用.
(of literary style) condensed; concise （指文体）简洁的, 紧凑的.
* compact v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] press (sth) firmly together 将（某物）紧压在一起: The compacted snow on the pavement turned to ice. 人行道上被踩实的雪已变成了冰.
compactly adv.
compactness n [U].
compact disc also ,kɔmpkt `dɪsk; ,kɑmpæktˋdɪsk small disc for reproducing recorded sound by laser action 激光唱片.

compact 2
`kɔmpækt; ˋkɑmpækt n agreement or contract between two or more parties 协议; 条约; 契约; 合同: The two states made a compact to co-operate against terrorism. 两国签订了反恐怖主义合作协议.

137
Q

compartment

kəm`pɑ:tmənt; kəmˋpɑrtmənt

A

compartment

kəm`pɑ:tmənt; kəmˋpɑrtmənt

138
Q

encompass

ɪn`kʌmpəs; ɪnˋkʌmpəs

A

v [Tn] (fml 文)
include or comprise sth 包含或包括某事物: The general arts course at the university encompasses a wide range of subjects. 大学文科包括的科目范围很广.
(also compass) (dated 旧) surround 包围; 环绕: a lake encompassed by mountains 群山环抱的湖.

139
Q

dispassionate

dɪ`spæʃənət; dɪsˋpæʃənɪt

A

adj (approv 褒) not influenced by emotion; impartial 不动感情的; 冷静的; 公平的: a dispassionate view, observer, judgement 客观公正的见解﹑ 观察家﹑ 评判. * dispassionately adv: She listened dispassionately but with great interest to both arguments. 她平心静气地听着, 然而对双方的理由都极为注意.

impassioned
/ ɪmˈpæʃnd; ɪmˋpæʃənd/ adj showingstrong deep feeling 充满激情的; 热烈的: an impassionedplea for mercy 希望获得宽恕的热切恳求.

140
Q

compendious

kəm`pendɪəs; kəmˋpɛndɪəs

A

adj (fml 文) giving a lot of information briefly 扼要的; 简要的; 简明的; 精练的; 简练的: a compendious writer, handbook, catalogue 文笔简练的作家﹑ 简明手册﹑ 要目.
compendium
kəm`pendɪəm; kəmˋpɛndɪəm n (pl ~s or -ia) ~ (of sth) 1 brief but full account; summary 简洁而全面的叙述; 摘要; 概要; 纲要: This encyclopedia is truly a compendium of knowledge. 这部百科全书真正是知识宝库.
(Brit) set of different board games sold in one box （装在一个盒子里出售的）各种棋类游戏用具.

141
Q

colonnade

,kɔlə`neɪd; ,kɑləˋned

A

n row of columns, usu with equal spaces between them and often supporting a roof, etc 列柱; 柱廊.
* colonnaded ,kɔlə`neɪdɪd; ,kɑləˋnedɪd adj having a colonnade 有柱廊的.

142
Q

colossus

/ kəˈlɔsəs; kəˋlɑsəs/ n (pl -lossi / -ˈlɔsaɪ;-ˋlɑsaɪ/ or ~es / -ˈlɔsəsɪz; -ˋlɑsəsɪz/)

A

statue much larger than life size （远超於实体的）塑像; 巨像.
person or thing of very great size, importance, ability, etc 非常巨大﹑ 重要﹑ 有能量等的人或事物: Mozart is a colossus among composers. 莫札特是作曲家中的巨匠.

143
Q

coltish

A

1 a : not subjected to discipline b : FRISKY, PLAYFUL coltish antics
2 : of, relating to, or resembling a colt coltish legs
–coltishly adverb
–coltishness noun

144
Q

coma

ˈkəumə; ˋkomə

A

n state of deep unconsciousness, usu lasting a long time and caused by severe injury or illness 昏迷（状态）: go into a coma 进入昏迷状态 * He was in a coma for several weeks. 他昏迷了几个星期.
* comatose ˈkəumətəus; ˋkoməˏtos adj
in a coma; deeply unconscious 昏迷的; 不省人事的.
sleepy; drowsy; sluggish 想睡的; 困乏的; 怠惰的; 没精打彩的: feeling comatose after a large meal 大吃一顿後感到困倦.

145
Q

combustible

kəmˈbʌstəbl; kəmˋbʌstəbl

A

adj
that can catch fire and burn easily 可燃的; 易燃的: Petrol is (highly) combustible. 汽油（极）易燃.
(fig 比喻) (of people) excitable （指人）易激动的: a combustible temperament 易冲动的脾气.
* combustible n (usu pl 通常作复数) combustible substance or material 易燃物; 可燃物.

146
Q

comely

A

1: pleasurably conforming to notions of good appearance, suitability, or proportion
2 : having a pleasing appearance : not homely or plain
1: pleasurably conforming to notions of good appearance, suitability, or proportion
2 : having a pleasing appearance : not homely or plain

147
Q

handsome

A

1 chiefly dialect : APPROPRIATE, SUITABLE
2 : moderately large : SIZABLE a painting that commanded a handsome price
3 : marked by skill or cleverness : ADROIT
4 : marked by graciousness or generosity : LIBERAL handsome contributions to charity
5 : having a pleasing and usually impressive or dignified appearance

148
Q

plaque

/ plɑːk; US plæk; plæk/

A 
n flat (usu round) piece of stone, metal or porcelain fixed on a wall as an ornament or a memorial （装於墙上作饰物或纪念物的石质﹑ 金属或瓷制的）饰板（通常为圆形）: A simple plaque marks the spot where the martyr died. 有一块朴素的饰板用以纪念该烈士的殉难处. plaque 2  
/ plɑːk; US plæk; plæk/ n [U] (medical 医) soft substance that forms on teeth and encourages the growth of harmful bacteria 牙斑: It is necessary to remove plaque by brushing one's teeth. 需刷牙以去除牙斑. Cf 参看 tartar1 1.
149
Q

commence

/ kəˈmens; kəˋmɛns/ v

A

transitive verb : to enter upon : BEGIN commence proceedings
intransitive verb
1 : to have or make a beginning : START the meeting will commence soon
2 chiefly British : to take a degree at a university

150
Q

MIX, MINGLE, COMMINGLE, BLEND, MERGE, COALESCE, AMALGAMATE

A

MIX, MINGLE, COMMINGLE, BLEND, MERGE, COALESCE, AMALGAMATE, FUSE mean to combine into a more or less uniform whole. MIX may or may not imply loss of each element’s identity mix the salad greens mix a drink. MINGLE usually suggests that the elements are still somewhat distinguishable or separately active fear mingled with anticipation in my mind. COMMINGLE implies a closer or more thorough mingling a sense of duty commingled with a fierce pride drove her. BLEND implies that the elements as such disappear in the resulting mixture blended several teas to create a balanced flavor. MERGE suggests a combining in which one or more elements are lost in the whole in his mind reality and fantasy merged. COALESCE implies an affinity in the merging elements and usually a resulting organic unity telling details that coalesce into a striking portrait. AMALGAMATE implies the forming of a close union without complete loss of individual identities refugees who were readily amalgamated into the community. FUSE stresses oneness and indissolubility of the resulting product a building in which modernism and classicism are fused.

151
Q

commission

kəˈmɪʃn; kəˋmɪʃən

A

n
[C] ~ (to do sth) action, task or piece of work given to sb to do （交付某人进行的）行动﹑ 任务或工作; 委托: She has received many commissions to design public buildings.她接受多项委托, 设计公共建筑.
(often 常作 Commission) [C] (a) group of people authorized to carry out a task （受权执行任务的）委员会: the Civil Service Commission, ie the body that selects staff for the Civil Service 公务员叙用委员会（遴选公务员的机构）. (b) ~ (on sth) group of people officially set up to make an inquiry and write a report 考查团; 调查团: a Royal Commission on (ie reporting on) betting and gambling 由英王委派的赌博调查团.
[U] ~ (of sth) (fml 文) doing (sth wrong or illegal 做（坏事或不法的事）): the commission of a crime 犯罪 * a sin of commission (ie actually doing sth wrong) rather than omission 违法罪（主动做坏事）而不是疏忽罪.
[C, U] payment to sb for selling goods which increases with the quantity of goods sold 佣金; 回扣; 酬劳金: You get (a) 10% commission on everything you sell. 你可从售出的每种货物中得到10%佣金. * earn 2000 (in) commission 挣得2000英镑酬劳金 * She is working for us on commission, ie is not paid a salary. 她按挣回扣方式为我们工作（没有薪水）.
[C] (document signed by the monarch appointing sb to the) rank of an officer in the armed services （帝王签署授予某人的）军官资格（的委任状）: He resigned his commission to take up a civilian job. 他辞去军职而从事平民工作.
(idm 习语) in/into commission (esp of a ship) ininto service （尤指船﹑ 舰）在使用中, 服现役: Some wartime vessels are still in commission. 有些战时的军舰仍在服役. out of commission (a) (esp of a ship) not in service （尤指船﹑ 舰）不在使用中; 退出现役: With several of their planes temporarily out of commission, the airline is losing money. 航空公司因有几架飞机暂时不能使用而正在赔钱. (b) (fig 比喻) not available; not working 不能得到; 不工作: I got flu and was out of commission for a week. 我得了流感,一星期没工作.
* commission v
1 (a) [Tn, Dn.t] give a commission(1) to (sb) 交付（某人）任务或工作; 委托: commission an artist to paint a picture 委托画家画一幅画. (b) [Tn] give sb the job of making (sth) 交付某人制作（某物）的工作: He commissioned a statue of his wife. 他请人制作他妻子的雕像.
2 [usu passive 通常用於被动语态: Tn, Cn.n, Cn.na] ~ sb as sth appoint sb officially by means of a commission (5) 正式授予某人军官资格（的委任状）: She was commissioned (as a) lieutenant in the Women’s Army Corps. 她被委任为陆军妇女队的中尉.
3 [Tn] bring (machinery, equipment, etc) into operation 使（机器﹑ 设备等）开始使用: The nuclear plant now being built is expected to be commissioned in five years’ time. 正在建造的核电站预计在五年後投产.

152
Q

ommit

kəˈmɪt; kəˋmɪt v (-tt-)

A

[Tn] do (sth illegal, wrong or foolish) 做（不合法的﹑ 错的或愚蠢的事）; 犯: commit murder, suicide, theft, a blunder, an unforgiveable error, etc 犯凶杀﹑ 自杀﹑ 偷窃﹑ 大错﹑ 不可原谅的错误等.
[Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth to sth give or transfer sbsth to (a state or place) for safe keeping, treatment, etc 将某人[某事物]置於（某状态）或交与或转交（某处）保留﹑ 处理等: commit a man to prison, ie have him put in prison 把一男子送进监狱 * commit a patient to a mental hospital 把病人送进精神病院 * commit sth to paperto writing, ie write sth down 把某事写下来 * The body was committed to the flames, ie was burnt. 遗体被火化. * commit a list to memory, ie memorize it 记住一份名单.
[Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sb/oneself (to sthto doing sth) make it impossible for sboneself not to do sth, or to do sth else, esp because of a promise; pledge sboneself 使某人[自己]不能不做某事或不做另事（尤指因有承诺）; 向某人[自己]保证: I can’t come on Sunday: I’m already committed, ie I’ve arranged to do sth else. 星期天我不能来, 我有事. * commit oneself to a course of action 决定采取一行动 * Signing this form commits you to buying the goods. 你签此表格後就一定要买这批货. * The company has committed funds to an advertising campaign. 公司已决定拨款作广告宣传. * This regiment is already committed to (ie It has been settled that it will fight on) the eastern front. 该团承担东线的战斗任务. * He has committed himself to support his brother’s children. 他已答应抚养他弟弟的孩子.
[Tn, Tn.pr] ~ oneself (on sth) give one’s opinion openly so that it is difficult to change it 公开表明自己的意见（因而难以更改）: I asked her what she thought, but she refused to commit herself. 我问她她是怎麽想的, 但她拒不表示意见. Cf 参看 non-committal.
[Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) send sb to a higher court to be tried 将（某人）送交高一级法院受审: The magistrates committed him for trial at the Old Bailey. 地方法官把他送往伦敦中央刑事法院受审.
* committal kəˈmɪtl; kəˋmɪtl n [U] action of committing (commit 2), esp to prison 交与; 转交; （尤指）入狱, 交押, 收监: [attrib 作定语] At the committal proceedings the police withdrew their case. 警方在转交诉讼程序中撤销了案件.
committed adj (usu approv 通常作褒义) devoted (to a cause, one’s job, etc) （对事业﹑ 本职工作等）尽忠的,坚定的: a committed Christian, doctor, teacher, communist虔诚的基督徒﹑ 尽责的医生﹑ 严师﹑ 坚定的共产党员. Cf 参看 uncommitted.
commitment n
1 [U] ~ (to sth) committing or being committed (commit 2): the commitment of a patient to a mental hospital 把病人送进精神病院 * the commitment of funds to medicine 对医学方面的拨款.
2 [C] ~ (to sthto do sth) thing one has promised to do; pledge; undertaking 承诺; 允诺; 保证; 承担: I’m overworked at the moment I’ve taken on too many commitments. 我目前劳累过度–应承的事情太多了. * a commitment to pay 100 to charity 承担捐赠慈善事业100英镑的义务.
3 [U] (approv 褒) state of being dedicated or devoted (to sth) 致力, 献身（於某事物）:We’re looking for someone with a real sense of commitmentto the job. 我们在寻求对此工作真正能尽职尽责的人.

153
Q

commotion

/ kəˈməuʃn; kəˋmoʃən/

A

1 : a condition of civil unrest or insurrection
2 : steady or recurrent motion
3 : mental excitement or confusion
4 a : an agitated disturbance : TO-DO b : noisy confusion : AGITATION

154
Q

squall

A

ntransitive verb : to cry out raucously : SCREAM
transitive verb : to utter in a strident voice
–squaller noun
squally adj having squalls (squall 1) 有狂风的: a squally February day 二月里狂风大作的一天 * squally showers of rain or sleet 狂风中的一阵阵雨或雨夹雪.

155
Q

PITY, COMPASSION, COMMISERATION, CONDOLENCE, SYMPATHY

A

PITY, COMPASSION, COMMISERATION, CONDOLENCE, SYMPATHY mean the act or capacity for sharing the painful feelings of another. PITY implies tender or sometimes slightly contemptuous sorrow for one in misery or distress felt pity for the captives. COMPASSION implies pity coupled with an urgent desire to aid or to spare treats the homeless with great compassion. COMMISERATION suggests pity expressed outwardly in exclamations, tears, or words of comfort murmurs of commiseration filled the loser’s headquarters. CONDOLENCE applies chiefly to formal expression of grief to one who has suffered loss expressed their condolences to the widow. SYMPATHY often suggests a tender concern but can also imply a power to enter into another’s emotional experience of any sort went to my best friend for sympathy in sympathy with her desire to locate her natural parents.

156
Q

PAY, COMPENSATE, REMUNERATE, SATISFY, REIMBURSE, INDEMNIFY, REPAY, RECOMPENSE

A

PAY, COMPENSATE, REMUNERATE, SATISFY, REIMBURSE, INDEMNIFY, REPAY, RECOMPENSE mean to give money or its equivalent in return for something. PAY implies the discharge of an obligation incurred paid their bills on time. COMPENSATE implies a making up for services rendered or help given an attorney well compensated for her services. REMUNERATE more clearly suggests paying for services rendered and may extend to payment that is generous or not contracted for promised to remunerate the searchers handsomely. SATISFY implies paying a person what is demanded or required by law all creditors will be satisfied in full. REIMBURSE implies a return of money that has been expended for another’s benefit reimbursed employees for expenses. INDEMNIFY implies making good a loss suffered through accident, disaster, warfare indemnified the families of the dead miners. REPAY stresses paying back an equivalent in kind or amount repay a favor with a favor. RECOMPENSE suggests due return in amends, friendly repayment, or reward *hotel guests were recompensed for their inconvenience

157
Q

competence

A

1 : a sufficiency of means for the necessities and conveniences of life provided his family with a comfortable competence ― Rex Ingamells
2 : the quality or state of being competent: as a : the properties of an embryonic field that enable it to respond in a characteristic manner to an organizer b : readiness of bacteria to undergo genetic transformation
3 : the knowledge that enables a person to speak and understand a language ― compare PERFORMANCE 6

158
Q

complacency

A

1 : self-satisfaction especially when accompanied by unawareness of actual dangers or deficiencies \ There’s no room for complacency; we must continue to try to improve. 我们不能自满, 必须继续努力改进.
2 : an instance of complacency

159
Q

complaisance

kəm`pleɪzəns; kəmˋplezns

A

complaisance

kəm`pleɪzəns; kəmˋplezns

160
Q

comply

A

1 obsolete : to be ceremoniously courteous
2 : to conform, submit, or adapt (as to a regulation or to another’s wishes) as required or requested comply with federal law the devices comply with industry standards
compliant adj.
1 : ready or disposed to comply : SUBMISSIVE a corrupt regime aided by a compliant press
2 : conforming to requirements compliant software
–compliantly adverb

161
Q

comprise

kəm`praɪz; kəmˋpraɪz

A

v [Tn] (not in the continuous tenses 不用於进行时态) (a) have as parts or members; be made up of 包括; 包含; 构成; 组成: a committee comprising people of widely differing views 由观点极不相同的成员组成的委员会. (b) be the parts or members of (sth); together form 为（某事物）的部分或成员; 组成; 包括: Two small boys and a dog comprised the street entertainer’s only audience. 两个小男孩和一条狗成了街头艺人仅有的观众.
NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Note the use of comprise. 注意comprise一词的用法. It can mean
consist of or be composed of ie be formed of 这个词可意为
consist of或be composed of, 即由…形成﹑ 组成或构成: The British Parliament comprises/consists of/is composed of the House of Commons and the House of Lords. 英国国会是由下议院和上议院组成的.
compose or constitute, ie form 亦可意为
compose或constitute, 即形成﹑ 组成或构成: The House of Commons and the House of Lords comprisecomposeconstitute the British Parliament. 下议院和上议院组成了英国国会. This use of comprise is less common and careful speakers avoid be comprised of in sense 1. comprise一词的这一用法并不多见, 用词考究的人避免用be comprised of於上述第1义.

162
Q

comprehensive

,kɔmprɪ`hensɪv; ,kɑmprɪˋhɛnsɪv

A

comprehensive

,kɔmprɪ`hensɪv; ,kɑmprɪˋhɛnsɪv

163
Q

compunction

kəm`pʌŋkʃn; kəmˋpʌŋkʃən

A

compunction

kəm`pʌŋkʃn; kəmˋpʌŋkʃən

164
Q

PENITENCE, REPENTANCE, CONTRITION, COMPUNCTION, REMORSE mean regret for sin or wrongdoing. PENITENCE implies sad and humble realization of and regret for one’s misdeeds absolution is dependent upon sincere penitence. REPENTANCE adds the implication of a resolve to change repentance accompanied by a complete change of character. CONTRITION stresses the sorrowful regret that constitutes true penitence tearful expressions of contrition. COMPUNCTION implies a painful sting of conscience especially for contemplated wrongdoing had no compunctions about taking back what is mine. REMORSE suggests prolonged and insistent self-reproach and mental anguish for past wrongs and especially for those whose consequences cannot be remedied thieves untroubled by feelings of remorse.

A

PENITENCE, REPENTANCE, CONTRITION, COMPUNCTION, REMORSE mean regret for sin or wrongdoing. PENITENCE implies sad and humble realization of and regret for one’s misdeeds absolution is dependent upon sincere penitence. REPENTANCE adds the implication of a resolve to change repentance accompanied by a complete change of character. CONTRITION stresses the sorrowful regret that constitutes true penitence tearful expressions of contrition. COMPUNCTION implies a painful sting of conscience especially for contemplated wrongdoing had no compunctions about taking back what is mine. REMORSE suggests prolonged and insistent self-reproach and mental anguish for past wrongs and especially for those whose consequences cannot be remedied thieves untroubled by feelings of remorse.

165
Q

concatenate

A

: to link together in a series or chain
concatenation
kən,kætɪ`neɪʃn; kən,kætnˋeʃən n ~ (of sth) (fml 文) series of things or events linked together 一系列互相关联的事物: an unfortunate concatenation of mishaps 接连的不幸.

166
Q

conceit

/ kənˈsiːt; kənˋsit/ n

A

n
[U] excessive pride in oneself or in one’s powers, abilities, etc 骄傲; 自负; 自高自大: The conceit of the man – comparing his own work with Picasso’s! 这个自高自大的人–竟把自己的作品跟毕加索的相比!
[C] (fml 文) cleverly-phrased witty expression (esp in a work of literature) 俏皮诙谐的词语（尤指於文学作品中）; 字字珠玑.
> conceited adj full of conceit 极其自负的: insufferably conceited 难以容忍地自负. conceitedly/-IdlI; -IdlI/ adv.

167
Q

IDEA, CONCEPT, CONCEPTION, THOUGHT, NOTION, IMPRESSION

A

IDEA, CONCEPT, CONCEPTION, THOUGHT, NOTION, IMPRESSION mean what exists in the mind as a representation (as of something comprehended) or as a formulation (as of a plan). IDEA may apply to a mental image or formulation of something seen or known or imagined, to a pure abstraction, or to something assumed or vaguely sensed innovative ideas my idea of paradise. CONCEPT may apply to the idea formed by consideration of instances of a species or genus or, more broadly, to any idea of what a thing ought to be a society with no concept of private property. CONCEPTION is often interchangeable with CONCEPT; it may stress the process of imagining or formulating rather than the result our changing conception of what constitutes art. THOUGHT is likely to suggest the result of reflecting, reasoning, or meditating rather than of imagining commit your thoughts to paper. NOTION suggests an idea not much resolved by analysis or reflection and may suggest the capricious or accidental you have the oddest notions. IMPRESSION applies to an idea or notion resulting immediately from some stimulation of the senses the first impression is of soaring height.

168
Q

PACIFY, APPEASE, PLACATE, MOLLIFY, PROPITIATE, CONCILIATE

A

PACIFY, APPEASE, PLACATE, MOLLIFY, PROPITIATE, CONCILIATE mean to ease the anger or disturbance of. PACIFY suggests a soothing or calming pacified by a sincere apology. APPEASE implies quieting insistent demands by making concessions appease their territorial ambitions. PLACATE suggests changing resentment or bitterness to goodwill a move to placate local opposition. MOLLIFY implies soothing hurt feelings or rising anger a speech that mollified the demonstrators. PROPITIATE implies averting anger or malevolence especially of a superior being propitiated his parents by dressing up. CONCILIATE suggests ending an estrangement by persuasion, concession, or settling of differences conciliating the belligerent nations.

169
Q

rapacious

A

1 : excessively grasping or covetous
fall into the clutches of a rapacious landlord 落入一个贪婪的地主手中 * rapacious business methods 唯利是图的生意经.
2 : living on prey
3 : RAVENOUS a rapacious appetite

VORACIOUS, GLUTTONOUS, RAVENOUS, RAPACIOUS mean excessively greedy. VORACIOUS applies especially to habitual gorging with food or drink teenagers are often voracious eaters. GLUTTONOUS applies to one who delights in eating or acquiring things especially beyond the point of necessity or satiety an admiral who was gluttonous for glory. RAVENOUS implies excessive hunger and suggests violent or grasping methods of dealing with food or with whatever satisfies an appetite a nation with a ravenous lust for territorial expansion. RAPACIOUS often suggests excessive and utterly selfish acquisitiveness or avarice rapacious developers indifferent to environmental concerns.

170
Q

CONCISE, TERSE, SUCCINCT, LACONIC, SUMMARY, PITHY, COMPENDIOUS

A

CONCISE, TERSE, SUCCINCT, LACONIC, SUMMARY, PITHY, COMPENDIOUS mean very brief in statement or expression. CONCISE suggests the removal of all that is superfluous or elaborative a concise description. TERSE implies pointed conciseness a terse reply. SUCCINCT implies the greatest possible compression a succinct letter of resignation. LACONIC implies brevity to the point of seeming rude, indifferent, or mysterious an aloof and laconic stranger. SUMMARY suggests the statement of main points with no elaboration or explanation a summary listing of the year’s main events. PITHY adds to SUCCINCT or TERSE the implication of richness of meaning or substance a comedy sharpened by pithy one-liners. COMPENDIOUS applies to what is at once full in scope and brief and concise in treatment a compendious dictionary.

171
Q

conclave

A

Pronunciation: ‘kän-ˌklāv
Function: noun
Etymology: Middle English, from Middle French or Medieval Latin; Middle French, from Medieval Latin, from Latin, room that can be locked up, from com- + clavis key ― more at CLAVICLE
Date: 1524
1 : a private meeting or secret assembly especially : a meeting of Roman Catholic cardinals secluded continuously while choosing a pope
2 : a gathering of a group or association

172
Q

mollify

A

[Tn] lessen the anger of (sb); make calmer; soothe 使（某人）息怒; 使平静; 抚慰: He tried to find ways of mollifying her.他想方设法安慰她. * mollification ,mɔlɪfɪ`keɪʃn;,mɑləfəˋkeʃən n [U].

173
Q

concomitant

kən`kɔmɪtənt; kənˋkɑmətənt

A

adj ~ (with sth) (fml 文) accompanying; happening together 伴随的; 同时发生或出现的: concomitant circumstances, events, etc 伴随的情况﹑ 事情等 * travel and all its concomitant discomforts 旅行及随之而来的不适.
* concomitant n ~ (of sth) (fml 文) thing that typically happens with sth else 伴随发生的事; 伴随物: the infirmities that are the concomitants of old age 年老而虚弱.

174
Q

concur

kən`kɜ:(r); kənˋkə v (-rr-) (fml 文)

A

[I, Ipr] ~ (with sbsth) (in sth) agree; express agreement 同意; 表示意见一致: She has expressed her opposition to the plan, and I fully concur (with her) (in this matter). 她对计划表示反对, （在这一问题上）我完全同意（她的意见）.
[I, It] (of events, etc) happen together; coincide （指事情等）同时发生: Everything concurred to produce a successful result. 所有的事都同时发生而产生了圆满的结果.
* concurrence kənkʌrəns; kənˋkəəns n (fml 文) 1 [U, sing] agreement 同意; 一致: With your concurrence (ie If you agree), I will confirm the arrangement. 你若同意, 我就把这项安排定下来了. * a concurrence (ie similarity) of ideas, views, etc 意见﹑ 观点等一致. 2 [sing] occurrence at the same time 同时发生或出现: an unfortunate concurrence of events 事情不幸同时发生. concurrent kənkʌrənt; kənˋkəənt adj ~ (with sth) existing, happening or done at the same time 同时存在的﹑ 发生的或完成的: developments concurrent with this 与此同时发生的事物. concurrently adv: He was given two prison sentences, to run concurrently. 他两罪均判监禁, 同期执行.

175
Q

concussion

kən`kʌʃn; kənˋkʌʃən

A

concussion

kən`kʌʃn; kənˋkʌʃən n [C, U]

176
Q

condone

kən`dəun; kənˋdon

A

v [Tn, Tg, Tsg] treat or regard (an offence) as if it were not serious or wrong; overlook; forgive 容忍（过失）; 宽恕; 原谅: condone violence, adultery, fraud, etc 宽恕暴行﹑ 奸情﹑ 欺诈行为等 * Not punishing them amounts to condoning their crime. 不惩罚他们就等於纵容他们的罪行. * condonation ,kɔndəu`neɪʃn; ,kɑndoˋneʃən n [U] (fml 文).

177
Q

condescend

A

1 a : to descend to a less formal or dignified level : UNBEND b : to waive the privileges of rank
2 : to assume an air of superiority

178
Q

conduct

A

1 : to bring by or as if by leading : GUIDE conduct tourists through a museum
2 a : to lead from a position of command conduct a siege conduct a class b : to direct or take part in the operation or management of conduct an experiment conduct a business conduct an investigation c : to direct the performance of conduct an orchestra conduct an opera
3 a : to convey in a channel b : to act as a medium for conveying or transmitting
4 : to cause (oneself) to act or behave in a particular and especially in a controlled manner
intransitive verb
1 of a road or passage : to show the way : LEAD
2 a : to act as leader or director b : to have the quality of transmitting light, heat, sound, or electricity
–conductibility \kən-ˌdək-tə-‘bi-lə-tē\ noun
–conductible -‘dək-tə-bəl\ adjective
conduction kənˈdʌkʃn; kənˋdʌkʃən n [U] conductingof electric current along wires or of heat by contact （电流或热量的）传导; 导电; 导热.
conductive kənˈdʌktɪv; kənˋdʌktɪv adj that can conduct heat, electricity, etc 导热的; 导电的; 能传导的. conductivity ˏkɔndʌkˈtɪvətɪ; ˏkɑndʌkˋtɪvətɪ n [U] property or power of conducting heat, electricity, etc 传导（热﹑ 电等的）性质或能力; 传导性; 传导力.

179
Q

confect

A

1 : to put together from varied material
2 a : PREPARE b : PRESERVE
–confect 'kän-ˌ\ noun

180
Q

confer

A

intransitive verb : to compare views or take counsel : CONSULT
transitive verb
1 : to bestow from or as if from a position of superiority conferred an honorary degree on her knowing how to read was a gift conferred with manhood ― Murray Kempton
2 : to give (as a property or characteristic) to someone or something a reputation for power will confer power ― John Spanier

181
Q

confide

/ kənˈfaɪd; kənˋfaɪd/ v

A

intransitive verb
1 : to have confidence : TRUST
2 : to show confidence by imparting secrets confide in a friend
transitive verb
1 : to tell confidentially
2 : to give to the care or protection of another : ENTRUST

182
Q

CONFIRM, CORROBORATE, SUBSTANTIATE, VERIFY, AUTHENTICATE, VALIDATE

A

CONFIRM, CORROBORATE, SUBSTANTIATE, VERIFY, AUTHENTICATE, VALIDATE mean to attest to the truth or validity of something. CONFIRM implies the removing of doubts by an authoritative statement or indisputable fact confirmed the reports. CORROBORATE suggests the strengthening of what is already partly established witnesses corroborated his story. SUBSTANTIATE implies the offering of evidence that sustains the contention the claims have yet to be substantiated. VERIFY implies the establishing of correspondence of actual facts or details with those proposed or guessed at all statements of fact in the article have been verified. AUTHENTICATE implies establishing genuineness by adducing legal or official documents or expert opinion handwriting experts authenticated the diaries. VALIDATE implies establishing validity by authoritative affirmation or by factual proof validated the hypothesis by experiments.

183
Q

confiscate

A

1 : appropriated by the government : FORFEITED
2 : deprived of property by confiscation
v.
1 : to seize as forfeited to the public treasury
2 : to seize by or as if by authority
The headmaster confiscated Tommy’s pea-shooter. 校长没收了汤米的射豆枪. * If you are caught smuggling goods into the country, they will probably be confiscated. 假若查出你向该国走私货物, 你的货物准得没收.
–confiscation \ˌkän-fə-‘skā-shən\ noun
–confiscator 'kän-fə-ˌskā-tər\ noun
–confiscatory \kən-‘fis-kə-ˌtȯr-ē\ adjective

184
Q

conflagration

A

1 : FIRE especially : a large disastrous fire

2 : CONFLICT, WAR

185
Q

conflate

kən`fleɪt; kənˋflet

A

v [Tn usu passive 通常用於被动语态] combine (two sets of information, texts, etc) into one 将（两种资料﹑ 文本等）合而为一; 混合: The results of the two experiments were conflated. 这两项实验的结果合并在一起了. * Can these two definitions be conflated, or must they be kept separate? 这两个定义可以合成一个呢, 还是必须分开? * conflation kən`fleɪʃn; kənˋfleʃən n [U, C].

186
Q

DISCORD, STRIFE, CONFLICT, CONTENTION, DISSENSION, VARIANCE mean a state or condition marked by a lack of agreement or harmony. DISCORD implies an intrinsic or essential lack of harmony producing quarreling, factiousness, or antagonism a political party long racked by discord. STRIFE emphasizes a struggle for superiority rather than the incongruity or incompatibility of the persons or things involved during his brief reign the empire was never free of civil strife. CONFLICT usually stresses the action of forces in opposition but in static applications implies an irreconcilability as of duties or desires the conflict of freedom and responsibility. CONTENTION applies to strife or competition that shows itself in quarreling, disputing, or controversy several points of contention about the new zoning law. DISSENSION implies strife or discord and stresses a division into factions religious dissension threatened to split the colony. VARIANCE implies a clash between persons or things owing to a difference in nature, opinion, or interest cultural variances that work against a national identity.

A

DISCORD, STRIFE, CONFLICT, CONTENTION, DISSENSION, VARIANCE mean a state or condition marked by a lack of agreement or harmony. DISCORD implies an intrinsic or essential lack of harmony producing quarreling, factiousness, or antagonism a political party long racked by discord. STRIFE emphasizes a struggle for superiority rather than the incongruity or incompatibility of the persons or things involved during his brief reign the empire was never free of civil strife. CONFLICT usually stresses the action of forces in opposition but in static applications implies an irreconcilability as of duties or desires the conflict of freedom and responsibility. CONTENTION applies to strife or competition that shows itself in quarreling, disputing, or controversy several points of contention about the new zoning law. DISSENSION implies strife or discord and stresses a division into factions religious dissension threatened to split the colony. VARIANCE implies a clash between persons or things owing to a difference in nature, opinion, or interest cultural variances that work against a national identity.

187
Q

congenial

A

1 : having the same nature, disposition, or tastes : KINDRED congenial companions
2 a : existing or associated together harmoniously b : PLEASANT especially : agreeably suited to one’s nature, tastes, or outlook a congenial atmosphere c : SOCIABLE, GENIAL a congenial host
–congeniality -ˌjē-nē-‘a-lə-tē, -ˌjēn-‘ya-\ noun
–congenially -‘jē-nē-ə-lē, -‘jēn-yə-\ adverb

188
Q

congest

kən-‘jest

A

transitive verb
1 : to concentrate in a small or narrow space
2 : to cause an excessive accumulation especially of blood or mucus in (as an organ or part)
3 : CLOG traffic congested the highways
intransitive verb : to become congested
–congestion -‘jes-chən, -‘jesh-\ noun
–congestive -‘jes-tiv\ adjective

189
Q

conglomerate

A

intransitive verb : to gather into a mass or coherent whole numbers of dull people conglomerated round her ― Virginia Woolf
transitive verb : ACCUMULATE

190
Q

congruous

A

1 a : being in agreement, harmony, or correspondence b : conforming to the circumstances or requirements of a situation : APPROPRIATE a congruous room to work in ― G. B. Shaw
2 : marked or enhanced by harmonious agreement among constituent elements a congruous theme
–congruously adverb
–congruousness noun

191
Q

conjoin

A

ransitive verb : to join together (as separate entities) for a common purpose
intransitive verb : to join together for a common purpose

192
Q

injunction

in-‘jəŋ(k)-shən

A

1 : the act or an instance of enjoining : ORDER, ADMONITION
2 : a writ granted by a court of equity whereby one is required to do or to refrain from doing a specified act
–injunctive -‘jəŋ(k)-tiv\ adjective

193
Q

enjoin

A

1 : to direct or impose by authoritative order or with urgent admonition enjoined us to be careful
2 a : FORBID, PROHIBIT was enjoined by conscience from telling a lie b : to prohibit by a judicial order : put an injunction on a book had been enjoined prior to publication ― David Margolick

COMMAND, ORDER, BID, ENJOIN, DIRECT, INSTRUCT, CHARGE mean to issue orders. COMMAND and ORDER imply authority and usually some degree of formality and impersonality. COMMAND stresses official exercise of authority a general commanding troops. ORDER may suggest peremptory or arbitrary exercise ordered his employees about like slaves. BID suggests giving orders peremptorily (as to children or servants) she bade him be seated. ENJOIN implies giving an order or direction authoritatively and urgently and often with admonition or solicitude a sign enjoining patrons to be quiet. DIRECT and INSTRUCT both connote expectation of obedience and usually concern specific points of procedure or method, INSTRUCT sometimes implying greater explicitness or formality directed her assistant to hold all calls the judge instructed the jury to ignore the remark. CHARGE adds to ENJOIN an implication of imposing as a duty or responsibility charged by the President with a secret mission.

194
Q

connive

A

1 : to pretend ignorance of or fail to take action against something one ought to oppose the government connived in the rebels’ military buildup
2 a : to be indulgent or in secret sympathy : WINK b : to cooperate secretly or have a secret understanding
3 : CONSPIRE, INTRIGUE accused his opponents of conniving to defeat the proposal
–conniver noun
connivance kəˈnaɪvəns; kəˋnaɪvəns n [U] ~ (atin sth) conniving (at a wrong action) 默许, 纵容（错误的行为）: a crime carried out with the connivance of/in connivance with the police 在警方的纵容下所犯的罪行.
conniving adj acting slyly and unpleasantly so as to harm others 搞阴谋的; 暗算他人的: You conniving bastard! 你这个阴险的家伙!

195
Q

conscience

A

ease sb’s conscience/mind free sb from guilt, worry, etc 消除某人的内疚﹑ 忧虑等: It would ease my mind to know where he was. 要知道他在哪儿我就放心了. have sth on one’s conscience feel troubled about sth one has done or failed to do 因做了某事或未能做某事而内疚: He has several murders on his conscience. 他因为谋害了几个人而受到良心的谴责. in all conscience by any reasonable standard 当然; 的确; 凭良心: You cannot in all conscience regard that as fair pay. 你在良心上总不能认为那样的报酬算是合理的吧. on one’s conscience making one feel one has done wrong, or left sth undone 使人觉得自己做错了事或该做某事而未做: It’s still on my conscience that I didn’t warn her in time. 我未能及时提醒她, 这事至今使我耿耿於怀. search one’s heartconscience =* search.
conscience money money paid to make one feel less guilty, esp when one should have paid it before 为求心安而付出的钱（尤指早就应付的钱）.
conscience-stricken -strɪkən; -ˏstrɪkən filled with remorse 於心不安的; 受良心责备的.

196
Q

conscientious adj.

A

1 : governed by or conforming to the dictates of conscience : SCRUPULOUS a conscientious public servant
2 : METICULOUS, CAREFUL a conscientious listener

197
Q

conscript

A

v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (into sth) force sb by law to serve in the armed forces 徵召某人服兵役: conscripted into the army 被徵入伍 * (fig 比喻) I got conscripted into the team when their top player was injured. 他们的尖子队员受了伤, 就把我召去了.

198
Q

seminary

A

1 : an environment in which something originates and from which it is propagated a seminary of vice and crime
2 a : an institution of secondary or higher education b : an institution for the training of candidates for the priesthood, ministry, or rabbinate

199
Q

consequential

,kɔnsɪ`kwenʃl; ,kɑnsəˋkwɛnʃəl

A

adj (fml 文)
following as a result or an effect (esp indirect) 随之发生的（尤指间接发生的）; 余波所及的: She was injured and suffered a consequential loss of earnings. 她受了伤因而收入受损.
(a) of far-reaching importance 有深远重要性的. (b) (derog 贬) (of a person) self-important; pompous （指人）自高自大的, 自负的. * consequentially -ʃəlɪ; -ʃəlɪ adv.

200
Q

perspicacious

A

: of acute mental vision or discernment : KEEN
a perspicacious analysis of the problem 对问题的精辟分析 * It was very perspicacious of you to find the cause of the trouble so quickly. 你真是明察秋毫, 问题的原因这麽快就找出来了.

201
Q

ravish

A

1 a : to seize and take away by violence b : to overcome with emotion (as joy or delight) ravished by the scenic beauty c : RAPE 2
2 : PLUNDER, ROB

202
Q

consternation

A

: amazement or dismay that hinders or throws into confusion the two⋯stared at each other in consternation, and neither knew what to do ― Pearl Buck
filled with consternation 惊恐万状 * To her consternation, he asked her to make a speech. 她感到惊慌的是他要求她发言.

203
Q

construe

A

transitive verb
1 : to analyze the arrangement and connection of words in (a sentence or sentence part)
2 : to understand or explain the sense or intention of usually in a particular way or with respect to a given set of circumstances construed my actions as hostile
intransitive verb : to construe a sentence or sentence part especially in connection with translating
–construable -‘strü-ə-bəl\ adjective

204
Q

consul

/ ˈkɔnsl; ˋkɑnsl/

A

1 a : either of two annually elected chief magistrates of the Roman republic b : one of three chief magistrates of the French republic from 1799 to 1804
2 : an official appointed by a government to reside in a foreign country to represent the commercial interests of citizens of the appointing country
–consular -s(ə-)lər\ adjective
–consulship -səl-ˌship\ noun
consular ˈkɔnsjulə(r); US -səl-; ˋkɑnslɚ adj of a consul 领事的; 执政官的.
consulship -ʃɪp; -ˏʃɪp n
1 position of a consul 领事或执政官的职位: appointed to the consulship 被任命为领事或执政官.
2 period of time during which a consul holds his position 领事或执政官的任

205
Q

ADJACENT, ADJOINING, CONTIGUOUS, JUXTAPOSED

A

ADJACENT, ADJOINING, CONTIGUOUS, JUXTAPOSED mean being in close proximity. ADJACENT may or may not imply contact but always implies absence of anything of the same kind in between a house with an adjacent garage. ADJOINING definitely implies meeting and touching at some point or line had adjoining rooms at the hotel. CONTIGUOUS implies having contact on all or most of one side offices in all 48 contiguous states. JUXTAPOSED means placed side by side especially so as to permit comparison and contrast *a skyscraper juxtaposed to a church

206
Q

contemplate

A

transitive verb
1 : to view or consider with continued attention : meditate on contemplate the vastness of the universe
2 : to view as contingent or probable or as an end or intention contemplate marriage
intransitive verb : PONDER, MEDITATE

207
Q

contend

A

ntransitive verb
1 : to strive or vie in contest or rivalry or against difficulties : STRUGGLE
2 : to strive in debate : ARGUE
transitive verb
1 : MAINTAIN, ASSERT contended that he was right Several teams are contending for (ie trying to win) the prize. 有几个队在争夺锦标. * She’s had a lot of problems to contend with. 她有许多问题要解决. * the captains of the contending (ie rival) teams 参与争夺的各个队的队长.
2 : to struggle for : CONTESTI would contend that unemployment is our most serious social evil. 我认为失业是我们社会最为严重的弊病.

208
Q

conterminous

A

1 : having a common boundary conterminous countries
2 : COTERMINOUS
3 : enclosed within one common boundary *the 48 conterminous states

209
Q

continence

A

1 : SELF-RESTRAINT especially : a refraining from sexual intercourse
2 : the ability to retain a bodily discharge voluntarily fecal continence

GRE by Peter (5 decks)

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