Granulocyte Series

Question 1

Name the six maturation stages of the neutrophilic cell series beginning with the myeloblast:

Answer 1

Myeloblast; Promyelocyte; Myelocyte; Metamyelocyte; Band Neutrophil; Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil/Segmented Neutrophil

Question 2

Name the Neutrophil;

15-20 microns, Round to Oval nucleus (2-5 nucleoli)/Fine chromatin, Moderate basophilia cytoplasm

Answer 2

Myeloblast

Question 3

Name the Neutrophil;

14-20 microns, Round to Oval nucleus (1-3 nucleoli)/Slightly coarser chromatin, Basophilic cytoplasm

Answer 3

Promyelocyte

Question 4

Name the Neutroplhil;
12-18 microns, Round to oval nucleus (may have one flatten side, nucleoli usually not visible)/ Coarser and more condensed Chromatin, Slightly basophilic cytoplasm (may be clear area close to the nucleus)

Answer 4

Myelocyte

Question 5

Name the Neutrophil;

10-15 microns, Indented kidney bean shaped nucleus/Coarsely clumped chromatin, Pale blue to pink cytoplasm

Answer 5

Metamyelocyte

Question 6

Name the Neutrophil;
10-15 microns, Nucleus C or S shaped but no threadlike filament/Chromatin must be visible in the filament, Coarsely clumped Chromatin, Pale blue to pink cytoplasm

Answer 6

Band Neutrophil (Band)

Question 7

10-15 microns, Nucleus is 2-5 lobes connected by thin filaments without visible chromatin, Coarsely clumped chromatin, Pale blue to pink cytoplasm

Answer 7

Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil (Poly, PMN)
Segmented Neutrophil (Seg)

Question 8

Explain Non-specific Granules

Answer 8

• First Degree
• Appear at the Promyelocyte Stage (B)
• Rich in Peroxidase

Question 9

Explain Specific Granules

Answer 9

• Second Degree
• Appear at the Myelocyte Stage (C, G, K)
• Rich in LAP (Leukocyte Akaline Phosphatase)

Question 10

Name the Three Compartments in Which Granulocytes are Found Within the Body:

Answer 10

• Bone Marrow
• Peripheral Blood (Circulation)
• Tissue

Question 11

Discuss Granulocyte Kinetics In Terms of;
-(Approximate) Time present
-Maturation stage of cells
BONE MARROW

Answer 11

-Mitotic Pool
3-6 days
Myeloblast, Promyelocyte, Myelocyte

-Post-Mitotic Pool
5-7 days
Metamyelocyte, Band, Seg

Question 12

Discuss Granulocyte Kinetics In Terms of;
-(Approximate) Time present
PERIPHERAL BLOOD

Answer 12

-10 Hours of Circulation
MGP: Marginating Granule Pool (Goes out in capillaries)
CGP: Circulating Granule Pool

Question 13

Discuss Granulocyte Kinetics In Terms of;
-(Approximate) Time present
TISSUE

Answer 13

-4-5 Days

Question 14

What is the Bone Marrow’s Two Responses to an Increase in Demand for Granulocytes in the Tissues? (Regulatory Mechanism)

Answer 14

• Migration from the storage pool to the peripheral blood (“Shift to the Left”/left shift)
• Increased Production (Increased WBC Count)

Question 15

What are the Four Stages of Phagocytosis?

Answer 15

1. Adherence- Opsonization
2. Ingestion- Phagocytic Vacuole
3. Degranulation- Phagocytic Vacuole
4. Exocytosis

Question 16

Name the Major Function of Basophils

Answer 16

Granules contain the majority of the body’s:
-Histamine
-Heparin; or heparin-like substances
Increased in:
-(some) malignant disorders- CML (Chronic Myologenous Leukemia)

Question 17

Name the Major Function of Eosinophils

Answer 17

-Aggregate at site of Antigen/Antibody complexes… and phagocytize these complexes
Increased in;
-Allergic reactions
-Parasite infections

Question 18

Name the Major Function of Neutrophils

Answer 18

• Leave vasculature and migrate to areas of tissue damage or infection, mainly bacterial
• Phagocytosis occurs

Question 19

“Production of Granulocytes”; Takes place in Bone Marrow (Red Marrow) between sinusoids…

Answer 19

Myelopoiesis

Question 20

The process by which a cell engulfs a solid particle to form an internal vesicle known as a phagosome.

Answer 20

Phagocytosis

Question 21

A phrase used to note that there are a high number of young, immature white blood cells present.

Answer 21

“Shift to the Left” (Left Shift)