Grandma therapy in Zimbabwe Flashcards
halve [/hɑːv/]
to reduce something by a half
Cash cuts have halved the number of places available on training courses.
extraordinary [/ɪkˈstrɔːdənəri/]
very unusual or surprising
It took an extraordinary amount of work.
It’s extraordinary that he should make exactly the same mistake again.
psychiatrist [/saɪˈkaɪətrɪst/]
a doctor trained in the treatment of mental illness
turmoil [/ˈtɜːmɔɪl/]
a state of confusion, excitement, or anxiety
political/emotional/economic/religious etc turmoil
the prospect of another week of political turmoil
in (a) turmoil
Ashley gazed at him, her thoughts in turmoil.
prove [/pruːv/]
SHOW SOMETHING IS TRUE [transitive] to show that something is true by providing facts, information etc → proof
You’re wrong, and I can prove it.
prove (that)
Tests have proved that the system works.
recruit [/rɪˈkruːt/]
1 [intransitive, transitive] to find new people to work in a company, join an organization, do a job etc
We’re having difficulty recruiting enough qualified staff.
Many government officials were recruited from private industry.
plenty [/ˈplenti/]
a large quantity that is enough or more than enough
plenty of
Make sure she gets plenty of fresh air.
No need to hurry – you’ve got plenty of time.
struggle [/ˈstrʌɡəl/]
to try extremely hard to achieve something, even though it is very difficult
struggle to do something
She’s struggling to bring up a family alone.
struggle with
The airline is struggling with high costs.
struggle for
Millions of people are struggling for survival.
trauma [/ˈtrɔːmə/]
an unpleasant and upsetting experience that affects you for a long time
traumas such as death or divorce
individual [/ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒuəl◂/]
considered separately from other people or things in the same group
Each individual leaf on the tree is different.
the needs of the individual customer
expression []
1 STRONG FEELINGS/THOUGHTS [countable, uncountable] something you say, write, or do that shows what you think or feel
expression of
I decided to go to the meeting as an expression of support.
expression of sympathy/thanks/regret etc
The letter was a genuine expression of sympathy.
Student leaders are demanding greater freedom of expression (=the right to say what you think without being
take up
1 take something ↔ up to become interested in a new activity and to spend time doing it
Roger took painting up for a while, but soon lost interest.
2 take something up to start a new job or have a new responsibility
Peter will take up the management of the finance department.
take up a post/a position/duties etc
The headteacher takes up her duties in August.
3 take something ↔ up if you take up a suggestion, problem, complaint etc, you start to do something about it
Now the papers have taken up the story.
take something ↔ up with
The hospital manager has promised to take the matter up with the member of staff involved.
I am still very angry and will be taking it up with the authorities.
4 take up something to fill a particular amount of time or space
be taken up with something
The little time I had outside of school was taken up with work.
therapy [/ˈθerəpi/]
1 [countable, uncountable] the treatment of an illness or injury over a fairly long period of time
possessive [/pəˈzesɪv/]
1 wanting someone to have feelings of love or friendship for you and no one else
possessive of/about
She was terribly possessive of our eldest son.
2 unwilling to let other people use something you own
possessive of/about
He’s so possessive about his new car.
3 technical used in grammar to show that something belongs to someone or something
possessive pronoun/form/case etc
the possessive pronouns ‘ours’ and ‘mine’
cognitive [/ˈkɒɡnətɪv/]
related to the process of knowing, understanding, and learning something
cognitive psychology
although [/ɔːlˈðəʊ/]
1 used to introduce a statement that makes your main statement seem surprising or unlikely SYN though
Although in poor health, she continued to carry out her duties.
We decided to take rooms in Longwood House, although we knew we could not really afford the rent.
Although I can’t help admiring the man’s courage, I do not approve of his methods.
2 used to add a statement that balances or reduces the effect of what you have just said SYN but
You can copy down my answers, although I’m not sure they’re right.
No, this is my responsibility, although I appreciate your offer.
despite the fact that:
She walked home by herself, although she knew that it was dangerous.
provision [/prəˈvɪʒən/]
1 [countable usually singular, uncountable] when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future
provision of
the provision of childcare facilities
provision for
provision for people with disabilities
He made provisions for his wife and his children in his will.
villager [/ˈvɪlɪdʒə/]
someone who lives in a village
suspicious [/səˈspɪʃəs/]
thinking that someone might be guilty of doing something wrong or dishonest
suspicious of
Some of his colleagues at work became suspicious of his behaviour.
suspicious about
They were suspicious about my past.
traditional [/trəˈdɪʃənəl/]
being part of the traditions of a country or group of people
traditional Italian cooking
faith healing
noun [uncountable] a method of treating illnesses by praying
faith healer noun [countable]
staff [/stɑːf/]
1 WORKERS [countable, uncountable] the people who work for an organization
staff of 10/50 etc
Our department has a staff of seven.
whether [/ˈweðə/]
1 used when talking about a choice you have to make or about something that is not certain
Maurice asked me whether I needed any help.
There were times when I wondered whether or not we would get there.
whether to do something
She was uncertain whether to stay or leave.
I didn’t know whether to believe him or not.
The question arose as to whether this behaviour was unlawful.
2 used to say that something definitely will or will not happen whatever the situation is
It seemed to me that she was in trouble whether Mahoney lived or died.
Look, Kate, I’m calling the doctor, whether you like it or not.
Poor farmers, whether owners or tenants, will be worst affected.
she started by asking him whether people were supportive of his idea
scepticism [/ˈskeptɪsɪzəm/]
an attitude of doubting that particular claims or statements are true or that something will happen
resistance [/rɪˈzɪstəns/]
1 AGAINST CHANGE [singular, uncountable] a refusal to accept new ideas or changes
resistance to
people’s resistance to change
resistance from
The no-smoking policy was introduced with little resistance from staff.
2 FIGHTING [singular, uncountable] fighting against someone who is attacking you
put up/offer resistance
Rebel gunmen have put up strong resistance.
apprehensive [/ˌæprɪˈhensɪv◂/]
worried or nervous about something that you are going to do, or about the future
apprehensive about/of
We’d been a little apprehensive about their visit.
apprehensive that
I was apprehensive that something would go wrong.
refusal [/rɪˈfjuːzəl/]
when you say firmly that you will not do, give, or accept something
refusal to do something
His refusal to pay the fine got him into even more trouble.
flat/blunt/point-blank refusal (=an immediate direct refusal)
His request was met with a blunt refusal.
turn out
1 to happen in a particular way, or to have a particular result, especially one that you did not expect
turn out well/badly/fine etc
It was a difficult time, but eventually things turned out all right.
it turns out (that)
It turned out that I was wrong.
As it turned out (=used to say what happened in the end), he passed the exam quite easily.
turn out to be something
That guy turned out to be Maria’s second cousin.
2 turn the light out to stop the flow of electricity to a light by pressing a switch, pulling a string etc
Don’t forget to turn out the lights when you go!
3 if a lot of people turn out for an event, they go to watch it or take part in it
for
About 70% of the population turned out for the election.
essence [/ˈesəns/]
1 [singular] the most basic and important quality of something
essence of
The essence of Arsenal’s style of football was speed.
She seems the very essence of kindness (=she seems very kind).
custodian [/kʌˈstəʊdiən/]
1 someone who is responsible for looking after something important or valuable
custodian of
Farmers are custodians of the land for the next generation.
2 especially American English someone who looks after a public building
a custodian at the stadium
do away with somebody/something
1 to get rid of something or stop using it
People thought that the use of robots would do away with boring low-paid factory jobs.
Davis, though, did away with all that.
stigma [/ˈstɪɡmə/]
1 [countable usually singular, uncountable] a strong feeling in society that being in a particular situation or having a particular illness is something to be ashamed of
the stigma of alcoholism/mental illness etc
The stigma of alcoholism makes it difficult to treat.
There is a social stigma attached to single parenthood.
In the US, smoking carries a stigma.
► see thesaurus at shame
2 [countable] technical the top of the centre part of a flower that receives the pollen which allows it to form new seeds
disapproval [/ˌdɪsəˈpruːvəl/]
an attitude that shows you think that someone or their behaviour, ideas etc are bad or not suitable OPP approval
disapproval of
strong disapproval of the country’s human rights record
domestic []
relating to or happening in one particular country and not involving any other countries → foreign
domestic market/economy/demand etc
the booming domestic economy
US foreign and domestic policy
violence [/ˈvaɪələns/]
1 behaviour that is intended to hurt other people physically
There is too much sex and violence on TV these days.
violence against
violence against women
2 extreme force
the tremendous violence of a tornado
doubtful [/ˈdaʊtfəl/]
probably not true or not likely to happen
Prospects for a lasting peace remain doubtful.
it is doubtful if/whether
It was doubtful whether the patient would survive the operation.
it is doubtful that
It is doubtful that the missing airmen will ever be found.
treat []
1 BEHAVE TOWARDS SOMEBODY/SOMETHING [always + adverb/preposition] to behave towards someone or something in a particular way → treatment
treat somebody like/as something
She treats me like one of the family.
Penny doesn’t think her co-workers treat her as an equal.
2 DEAL WITH SOMETHING [always + adverb/preposition] to deal with, regard, or consider something in a particular way → treatment
treat something as something
Please treat this information as completely confidential.
3 ILLNESS/INJURY to try to cure an illness or injury by using drugs, hospital care, operations etc → treatment
It was difficult to treat patients because of a shortage of medicine.
treat somebody/something with something
Nowadays, malaria can be treated with drugs.
4 BUY SOMETHING FOR SOMEBODY to buy or do something special for someone that you know they will enjoy
treat somebody to something
We treated Mom to lunch at the Savoy.
I treated myself to a new dress.
