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Second Year Systems > Grand Tour of The Alimentary Systems > Flashcards

Grand Tour of The Alimentary Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the digestive system?

A
  • Digestion
  • Secretion
  • Absorption
  • Motility
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2
Q

What are the three salivary glands?

A

Parotid

Sublingual

Submandibular

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3
Q

What happens in the stomach?

A

Digestion of proteins, foodstuffs reduced to liquid form(chyme), sterilisation

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4
Q

What are the digestive enzymes in the pancreas used for?

A

Digestion of fats, proteins and carbohydrates

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5
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A

Bile salts for digestion/absorption of fats in small intestine

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6
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder?

A

Stores and concentrates bile

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7
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A

Final stages of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

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8
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

Water absorption, bacterial fermentation and formation of faeces

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9
Q

What are the different layers of the alimentary canal?

A

Mucosa

Submucosa

Muscularis externa

Serosa/adventita

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10
Q

What is the mucosa composed of?

A

Epithelium

Lamina propria

Muscularis mucosae (no significant function)

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11
Q

What is the function of the muscularis externa?

A

Where all the motility comes from

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12
Q

When is the serosa called the adventita?

A

The shiny connective tissue sheath is known as the serosa below the diaphram,
but above it is known as the adventitia

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13
Q

What are the different layers of the muscularis externa?

A

Inner layer is the circular muscle layer- constricts lumen

Outside that is the longitudinal muscle layer- shortens tube

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14
Q

Where in the digestive tract can you find stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Mouth, oesophagus, anal canal (entry and exit)

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15
Q

Where can you find simple columnar epithelium?

A

Stomach, small & large intestine

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16
Q

What is the function of the epithelium in the digestive tract?

A
  • Barrier separating lumen of alimentary canal from body
  • Synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes, hormones, mucus
  • Absorbs products of digestion
17
Q

What is the lamina propria?

A

•Loose connective tissue (glands, blood/lymph vessels)

18
Q

What is the muscularis mucosae?

A

Thin smooth muscle layer

19
Q

What type of the tissue is the submucosa?

A

Thick irregular connective tissue

20
Q

What is the function of the submucosa?

A

Supports the mucosa

21
Q

What is contained within the submucosa?

A

Blood vessels, neurones, lymphatic vessels.

The neurones form an extensive network, submucosal plexus (Meissner’s) (parasympathetic)

22
Q

What is the function of the submucosal glands in the oesophagus and the duodenum?

A

Oesophagus - mucus secretion

Duodenum - bicarbonate secretion to neutralise stomach acid

23
Q

What are the function of the lymphatic vessels in the submucosa?

A

Take away the products of fat digestion

24
Q

What is the serosa / adventita described as?

A

A connective tissue sheath surrounding the alimentary canal.

Adventita attaches the oesophagus and rectum to surrounding structures

Serosa surrounds the stomach, small intestine and the large intestine

25
Q

What comprises the enteric nervous system?

A

The submucosal plexuses and the myenteric plexuses

26
Q

Where can you find myenteric plexus’?

A

•Myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus between circular and longitudinal muscle

27
Q

Which parasympathetic nerves are responsible for alimentary nervous control?

A

Vagus nerve (cranial nerve 10) apart from salivation which is controlled by facial (VII) and glossopharyngeal (IX)

28
Q

What is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the alimentary function?

A

Stimulatory - an increase in secretion and motility

29
Q

Which sympathetic nerves are responsible for alimentary nervous control?

A

Splanchnic nerve

30
Q

What is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the alimentary function?

A

Inhibitory (except salivation)

There is a decrease in secretion and motility

31
Q

What do the following arteries supply?

A
32
Q

How does blood from the stomach reach the inferior vena cava?

A

Gastric veins - Hepatic portal vein - Hepatic vein - Inferior Vena Cava

33
Q

How does blood from the pancreas reach the inferior vena cava?

A

Splenic vein - Hepatic portal vein - Hepatic vein - Inferior Vena Cava

34
Q

How does blood from the small intestine, caecum, ascending colon and the transverse colon reach the inferior vena cava?

A

Superior mesenteric vein - hepatic portal vein - hepatic vein - IVC

35
Q

How does blood from the descending colon, sigmoid colon and the rectum reach the IVC?

A

Inferior mesenteric vein - Hepatic portal vein - hepatic vein - IVC

36
Q

Which organs send blood to the liver?

A

The heart for oxygen supply - hepatic artery

Those which supply the hepatic portal vein (digestive tract arteries) - these include the stomach, intestines, pancreas and spleen

Second Year Systems (21 decks)

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