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Alimentary 1 > Grand tour of the Alimentary Canal > Flashcards

Grand tour of the Alimentary Canal Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 pairs of salivary glands and where are they located?

A

Parotid (above)
sublingual
submandibular

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the oesophagus?

A

Conduit mouth - stomach

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3
Q

Stomach purpose?

A

Protein digestion, mixes everything together and reduces to liquid form (chyme), storage of food, sterilization

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4
Q

What is the liquid called that gets passed onto small intestine?

A

Chyme

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5
Q

Pancreas use?

A

Produces digestive enzymes, etc to break down and digest fats, carbs and proteins

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6
Q

What does the liver do?

A

Produce bile salts which help in the digestion of fats within the small intestine

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7
Q

Gall bladder function

A

Store and concentrate bile

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8
Q

Small intestine function

A

final stages of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

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9
Q

Large Intestine function

A

Reabsorption of water, salt, bacteria for fermentation and formation of faeces

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10
Q

how long is the alimentary canal?

A

8m

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11
Q

What are the 4 layers (tunics)

A

Mucosa (epithelia, lamina propria, thin smooth muscle layer, muscularis mucosae)
Submucosa
Thicker more useful muscle - muscularis externa
Adventicia/serosa (within the peritoneal cavity)

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12
Q

Where are the submucosal glands found?

A

In the oesophagus and the duodenum

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13
Q

function of submucosa?

A

Glands, thick irregular connective tissue, blood supply for mucosa, mucularis externa and serosa) and lymphatic vessels

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14
Q

layers of muscularis externa

A

circular (innermost) and longitudinal

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15
Q

where are the 2 neural plexusses?

A

between the submucosal layer and circular muscle layer (submucosal plexus aka Meissner’s plexus), and between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers (Myenteric aka Auerbach’s)

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16
Q

epithelium stratified squamous where?

A

mouth and oesophagus, anal canal

17
Q

simple columnar epithelium where?

A

Everywhere else! Stomach, small and large intestines

18
Q

function of epithelial cells

A

meet and greet…
barrier, synthesis and secretion, aborption

Barrier separating lumen of alimentary canal from body
Synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes, hormones, mucus
Absorbs products of digestion
Epithelium differs along length of gut tube - adaptation for function

19
Q

What is the function of lamina propria?

A

Loose connective tissue (glands, blood/lymph vessels)

20
Q

muscularis mucosae function

A

support mucosa, poitentially wiggle villi

21
Q

Submucosa function and contents

A

Blood vessels (supplying other layers), lymph, neurons (submucosal (meissners) plexus)
Thick, irregular connective tissue - supports mucosa
Submucosal glands in oesophagus and duodenum

22
Q

Serosa/adventicia function

A

connects structure and keeps in place:
Outside peritoneal cavity:
Adventitia attaches oesophagus and rectum to surrounding structures

Inside peritoneal cavity:
Serosa surrounds stomach, small intestine and large intestine

23
Q

Muscularis externa features and function

A

circular one reduces the circumfrence (constricts lumen), the longitudinal one makes shorter.
Produce motility - peristalsis, segmentation
Also contains the myenteric (auerback’s) plexus between circular and longitudinal layers.

24
Q

Autonomic control of the alimentary system

A

Long (vagus, cranial nerve 10) parasympathetic and ENS (Enteric nervous system - submucosal and myenteric layers, giving independant control of the gut)

25
Q

Which nerves control salvation

A

Glossopharyngeal (IX) and facial (VII), parasympathetic. Everything else is controlled by vagus (X)

26
Q

How is sympathetic system carried and what does it do?

A

Splanchnic nerve. Inhibits digestion, secretion and motility (EXCEPT salvation for some reason)

27
Q

Arterial supply of the GI tract

A

Coeliac -stomach, pancreas, liver, gall bladder, duodenum until the bile and pancreatic ducts

Superior mesenteric - duodenum (below the bile/pancreatic ducts), jejenum, illium, caecum, appendix, ascending colon and 2/3 transverse colon

Inferior mesenteric - latter 1/3 transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

28
Q

Gastric vein drains what and takes to where?

A

Stomach - hepatic portal vein

29
Q

Splenic vein drains what to where?

A

Pancreas - hepatic portal vein

30
Q

Superior mesenteric vein drains what to where?

A

Small intestine
Caecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon

31
Q

Inferior mesenteric vein drains what to where?

A

descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

32
Q

Where does the hepatic portal vein drain into and what does it end up in?

A

hepatic veins-IVC

Alimentary 1 (6 decks)

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