Anatomy overview Flashcards
What are the foregut structures?
Oesophagus, stomach, liver, biliary apparatus, pancreas, duodenum proximal to the bile duct opening
Artery of the foregut?
Celiac trunk
Lymphatic drainage of the foregut?
Celiac lymph nodes
Upper abdomen pain - fore/mid or hind gut?
Foregut
Middle abdomen pain - fore/mid/hind gut?
Mid gut
What are the 3 constrictions of the esophagus?
cervical (15cm from incisor teeth)
thoracic - arch of aorta and left main bronchus (22.5-27.5cm from IT)
diaphramatic - though oesophageal hiatus (40cm from IT)
Where is bile produced and stored?
Produced = liver
Stored - gall bladder
What is the Triangle of Calot?
Way to locate cystic artery (trangle between common hepatic duct, cystic duct and visceral surface of liver)
Where is the Cystic artery found?
in the triangle of calot
Pancreas excocrine and endocrine functions
Exocrine (surfaces): pancreatic juice
Endocrine (bloodstream) : Insulin and glucagon
What vein is behind the neck of the pancreas?
portal vein
Where do the bile and pancreatic duct open into?
duodenum
What is the origin of the Celiac trunk and what does it supply?
Abdominal aorta, T12, forgut
What are the 3 vessels supplying the GI tract?
Celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric
What forms part of the midgut?
duodenum (after bile and pancreatic ducts), small intestine, appendix, cecum, colon (ascending and 2/3 transverse)
How to differentiate jejunum and ilium?
Jejenum: wider, thicker walled, more blood supply, less lymphatics, deeper red, less fat
midgut blood supply? Origin?
superior mesenteric, L1 (abdominal aorta)
Hind gut organs and blood supply?
latter 1/3 transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, upper part anal canal.
Inferior mesenteric artery
3 distinguishing features of the large intestine?
saccular (Haustra or sacculations)
fat projections (omental appedices)
longitudinal smooth muscle (Teniae coli)
What is Macburney’s point?
The most painful point in appendicitis - 1/3 up between anterior superior illiac spine and umbilicus)
most common position for appendix?
Retrocecum/behind the cecum
Hindgut blood supply ? origin?
Inferior mesenteric artery abdominal aorta (L3)
What is peristalsis?
wave lilke muscle contractions to move food along
Peristalsis and secretion is innervated by what?
Parasympathetic nervous system (vagus (10th cranial), pelvic splanchnic (S2,S3 and S4)
Sympathetic innervation is through what?
Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
Prevertebral sympathetic ganglia
Abdominal aortic plexus
What is carried by the portal vein? What combines to form the portal vein?
Blood with all the stuff in from what we’ve eaten. Taken from the spleen, pancreas, gall bladder, and abdominal part of GI tract to the liver
What are the lumbar lymphatic nodes grouped into?
Preaortic (coeliac, superior and inferior mesenteric)
Lateral aortic
Retro-aortic
FOREGUT/MIDGUT/HIND GUT artery and lymph nodes?
Foregut - celiac
Mid - Superior mesentric
Hind - Inferiour mesentric
cystic vs bile vs hepatic ducts
Liver
hepatic duct
Gall bladder - cystic duct
Cystic + hepatic duct = bile duct
