Anatomy overview

Question 1

What are the foregut structures?

Answer 1

Oesophagus, stomach, liver, biliary apparatus, pancreas, duodenum proximal to the bile duct opening

Question 2

Artery of the foregut?

Answer 2

Celiac trunk

Question 3

Lymphatic drainage of the foregut?

Answer 3

Celiac lymph nodes

Question 4

Upper abdomen pain - fore/mid or hind gut?

Answer 4

Foregut

Question 5

Middle abdomen pain - fore/mid/hind gut?

Answer 5

Mid gut

Question 6

What are the 3 constrictions of the esophagus?

Answer 6

cervical (15cm from incisor teeth)
thoracic - arch of aorta and left main bronchus (22.5-27.5cm from IT)
diaphramatic - though oesophageal hiatus (40cm from IT)

Question 7

Where is bile produced and stored?

Answer 7

Produced = liver
Stored - gall bladder

Question 8

What is the Triangle of Calot?

Answer 8

Way to locate cystic artery (trangle between common hepatic duct, cystic duct and visceral surface of liver)

Question 9

Where is the Cystic artery found?

Answer 9

in the triangle of calot

Question 10

Pancreas excocrine and endocrine functions

Answer 10

Exocrine (surfaces): pancreatic juice
Endocrine (bloodstream) : Insulin and glucagon

Question 11

What vein is behind the neck of the pancreas?

Answer 11

portal vein

Question 12

Where do the bile and pancreatic duct open into?

Answer 12

duodenum

Question 13

What is the origin of the Celiac trunk and what does it supply?

Answer 13

Abdominal aorta, T12, forgut

Question 14

What are the 3 vessels supplying the GI tract?

Answer 14

Celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric

Question 15

What forms part of the midgut?

Answer 15

duodenum (after bile and pancreatic ducts), small intestine, appendix, cecum, colon (ascending and 2/3 transverse)

Question 16

How to differentiate jejunum and ilium?

Answer 16

Jejenum: wider, thicker walled, more blood supply, less lymphatics, deeper red, less fat

Question 17

midgut blood supply? Origin?

Answer 17

superior mesenteric, L1 (abdominal aorta)

Question 18

Hind gut organs and blood supply?

Answer 18

latter 1/3 transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, upper part anal canal.

Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 19

3 distinguishing features of the large intestine?

Answer 19

saccular (Haustra or sacculations)
fat projections (omental appedices)
longitudinal smooth muscle (Teniae coli)

Question 20

What is Macburney’s point?

Answer 20

The most painful point in appendicitis - 1/3 up between anterior superior illiac spine and umbilicus)

Question 21

most common position for appendix?

Answer 21

Retrocecum/behind the cecum

Question 22

Hindgut blood supply ? origin?

Answer 22

Inferior mesenteric artery abdominal aorta (L3)

Question 23

What is peristalsis?

Answer 23

wave lilke muscle contractions to move food along

Question 24

Peristalsis and secretion is innervated by what?

Answer 24

Parasympathetic nervous system (vagus (10th cranial), pelvic splanchnic (S2,S3 and S4)

Question 25

Sympathetic innervation is through what?

Answer 25

Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
Prevertebral sympathetic ganglia
Abdominal aortic plexus

Question 26

What is carried by the portal vein? What combines to form the portal vein?

Answer 26

Blood with all the stuff in from what we’ve eaten. Taken from the spleen, pancreas, gall bladder, and abdominal part of GI tract to the liver

Question 27

What are the lumbar lymphatic nodes grouped into?

Answer 27

Preaortic (coeliac, superior and inferior mesenteric)

Lateral aortic

Retro-aortic

Question 28

FOREGUT/MIDGUT/HIND GUT artery and lymph nodes?

Answer 28

Foregut - celiac
Mid - Superior mesentric
Hind - Inferiour mesentric

Question 29

cystic vs bile vs hepatic ducts

Answer 29

Liver
hepatic duct
Gall bladder - cystic duct

Cystic + hepatic duct = bile duct