Grand Theories

Question 1

Concepts and propositions that are less broad and abstract than a conceptual model but not as specific and concrete as middle-range theory.

Answer 1

Grand or Macro Theory

Question 2

What is the theory of Margaret Newman?

Answer 2

Theory of Health as an Expanding Consciousness

Question 3

A joint director of nursing of a clinical research center at the University of Tennessee in Memphis

Answer 3

Margaret Newman

Question 4

Began working as a nurse theorist at the University of Minnesota

Answer 4

Margaret Newman

Question 5

What year did Margaret Newman retired from teaching?

Answer 5

1996

Question 6

What award did she received from New York University?

Answer 6

Distinguished Scholar in Nursing Award

Question 7

was stimulated by concern for those for whom health as the absence of disease or disability is not possible.

Answer 7

Theory of Health as an Expanding Consciousness

Question 8

A process of becoming more of oneself, of finding greater meaning in life, and of reaching new dimensions of connectedness with other people and the world.

Answer 8

Theory of Health as an Expanding Consciousness

Question 9

Margaret Newman’s theory arose from?

Answer 9

Roger’s Theory of Unitary Human Beings

Question 10

encompasses conditions described as illness, or, in medical terms, pathology.

Answer 10

Health

Question 11

caring in the human health experience.

Answer 11

Nursing (Newman)

Question 12

recognizing the individual in relation to the environment, and it is a process of the understanding of consciousness.

Answer 12

Nursing (Newman)

Question 13

are centers of consciousness with an overall pattern of expanding consciousness.

Answer 13

Person (Newman)

Question 14

In Newman’s Theory the environment is described as?

Answer 14

universe of open systems

Question 15

The theory explains that health and illness are synthesized as

Answer 15

health (Newman)

Question 16

is beneficial because it can be applied in any setting and “generates caring interventions.

Answer 16

Newman’s Health as Expanding Consciousness Theory

Question 17

What is the theory of Rosemarie Rizzo Parse?

Answer 17

Theory of Human Becoming

Question 18

Founder and current editor of Nursing Science Quarterly

Answer 18

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse

Question 19

An active Fellow in the American Academy of Nursing.

Answer 19

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse

Question 20

How many books did Parse published? articles?

Answer 20

9 books
more than 100 articles

Question 21

Guides nurses to focus on quality of life from each person’s own perspective as the goal of nursing.

Answer 21

Theory of Human becoming

Question 22

It presents an alternative to most of the other theories of nursing, which take a bio-medical or bio- psycho-social-spiritual approach.

Answer 22

Human Becoming Theory

Question 23

The Human Becoming Theory is a combination of?

Answer 23

biological, psychological, sociological, spiritual factors

Question 24

What are the three themes of Hman Becoming theory?

Answer 24

meaning
rythmicity
transcendence

Question 25

Human Becoming is choosing personal meaning in situations, and that a person’s reality is given meaning through experiences he or she lives in the environment.

Answer 25

meaning

Question 26

Human Becoming is cocreating rhythmical patterns of relating with the universe, and that a person and the environment cocreate in rhythmical patterns.

Answer 26

rhythmicity

Question 27

Human Becoming refers to reaching beyond the limits a person sets, and that a person is constantly transforming him or herself.

Answer 27

Transcendence

Question 28

is described as a human science and art that uses an abstract body of knowledge to help people.

Answer 28

Nursing (Parse)

Question 29

an open being who is more than and different from the sum of the parts.

Answer 29

Person or man (Parse)

Question 30

is inseparable from the person, as well as complementary to and evolving with the person.

Answer 30

Environment (Parse)

Question 31

is the open process of being and becoming, and involves the synthesis of values.

Answer 31

health (Parse)

Question 32

The model differentiates nursing from other disciplines, it provides guidance of care and useful administration, and is useful in education.

Answer 32

Theory of Human Becoming

Question 33

The theory does not utilize the nursing process, and negates the idea that each patient engages in a unique lived experience.

Answer 33

Theory of Human Becoming

Question 34

The Human Becoming model also provides research methodologies, and provides a framework to guide inquiry of other theories. However, the research is considered a ?

Answer 34

closed circle

Question 35

It is not accessible to new nurses, and is inapplicable to acute, emergent care.

Answer 35

Theory of Human Becoming

Question 36

What is the theory of Madeleine Leininger?

Answer 36

Culture Care Theory of Diversity and Universality

Question 37

a federally-funded program to increase the number of nurses trained to meet anticipated needs during World War II.

Answer 37

Cadet Nurse Corps

Question 38

opened a psychiatric nursing service and educational program at Creighton University in Omaha, Nebraska.

Answer 38

Madeleine Leininger

Question 39

Working in a child guidance home during the 1950s

Answer 39

Leininger

Question 40

She was the first in the 1960s to coin the concept of “culturally congruent care,” which was the goal of the Theory of Culture Care, and today the concept is being used globally.

Answer 40

Leininger

Question 41

Considered to be the Margaret Mead of nursing

Answer 41

Leininger

Question 42

Who is the founder of transcultural nursing?

Answer 42

Madeleine Leininger

Question 43

In what year did Leininger created the transcultural nursing program?

Answer 43

1974

Question 44

This theory attempts to provide culturally congruent nursing care through “cognitively based assistive, supportive, facilitative, or enabling acts or decisions that are mostly tailor-made to fit with the individual, group’s, or institution’s cultural values, beliefs, and lifeways.”

Answer 44

Culture Care Theory of Diversity and Universality

Question 45

The Transcultural Nursing Theory or Culture Care Theory involves knowing and understanding different cultures concerning?

Answer 45

nursing and health-illness caring practices beliefs values

Question 46

is defined as a learned subfield or branch of nursing that focuses upon the comparative study and analysis of cultures concerning nursing and health-illness caring practices, beliefs, and values to provide meaningful and efficacious nursing care services to their cultural values and health-illness context.

Answer 46

Transcultural Nursing

Question 47

This is the study of nursing care beliefs, values, and practices as cognitively perceived and known by a designated culture through their direct experience, beliefs, and value system

Answer 47

Ethnonursing

Question 48

is defined as formal and cognitively learned professional care knowledge and practice skills obtained through educational institutions that are used to provide assistive, supportive, enabling, or facilitative acts to or for another individual or group to improve a human health condition

Answer 48

Professional nursing care

Question 49

is defined as those cognitively based assistive, supportive, facilitative, or enabling acts or decisions that are tailor-made to fit with the individual, group, or institutional, cultural values, beliefs, and lifeways to provide or support meaningful, beneficial, and satisfying health care, or well-being services.

Answer 49

Cultural Congruent Nursing care

Question 50

is defined as a learned humanistic and scientific profession and discipline which is focused on human care phenomena and activities to assist, support, facilitate, or enable individuals or groups to maintain or regain their well-being (or health) in culturally meaningful and beneficial ways, or to help people face handicaps or death.

Answer 50

Nursing (Leininger)

Question 51

It is a state of well-being that is culturally defined, valued, and practiced. It reflects individuals’ (or groups) ‘ ability to perform their daily role activities in culturally expressed, beneficial, and patterned lifeways.

Answer 51

Health (Leininger)

Question 52

Such are believed to be caring and capable of being concerned about others’ needs, well-being, and survival.

Answer 52

Human Beings

Question 53

Environmental context is the totality of an event, situation, or particular experience that gives meaning to human expressions, interpretations, and social interactions in particular physical, ecological, sociopolitical, and/or cultural settings.

Answer 53

Society and Environment

Question 54

is learned, shared, and transmitted values, beliefs, norms, and lifeways of a particular group that guides their thinking, decisions, and actions in patterned ways.

Answer 54

Culture

Question 55

is defined as the subjectively and objectively learned and transmitted values, beliefs, and patterned lifeways that assist, support, facilitate, or enable another individual or group to maintain their well-being, health, improve their human condition lifeway, or deal with illness, handicaps or death.

Answer 55

culture care

Question 56

indicates the variabilities and/ or differences in meanings, patterns, values, lifeways, or symbols of care within or between collectives related to assistive, supportive, or enabling human care expressions.

Answer 56

culture care diversity

Question 57

indicates the common, similar, or dominant uniform care meanings, patterns, values, lifeways, or symbols manifest among many cultures and reflect assistive, supportive, facilitative, or enabling ways to help people.

Answer 57

culture care universality

Question 58

are culturally learned and transmitted, indigenous (or traditional), folk (home- based) knowledge and skills used to provide assistive, supportive, enabling, or facilitative acts toward or for another individual, group, or institution with evident or anticipated needs to ameliorate or improve a human life way, health condition

Answer 58

Generic (folk or lay) care systems

Question 59

Knowledge gained from direct experience or directly from those who have experienced it.

Answer 59

Emic

Question 60

The knowledge that describes the professional perspective.

Answer 60

Etic

Question 61

are defined as formally taught, learned, and transmitted professional care, health, illness, wellness, and related knowledge and practice skills that prevail in professional institutions, usually with multidisciplinary personnel to serve consumers.

Answer 61

Professional care system

Question 62

includes those past facts, events, instances, experiences of individuals, groups, cultures, and instructions that are primarily people-centered (ethno) and describe, explain, and interpret human lifeways within particular cultural contexts over short or long periods of time.

Answer 62

Ethnohistory

Question 63

is defined as those abstract and concrete phenomena related to assisting, supporting, or enabling experiences or behaviors toward or for others with evident or anticipated needs to ameliorate or improve a human condition or lifeway.

Answer 63

Care as a noun

Question 64

is defined as actions and activities directed toward assisting, supporting, or enabling another individual or group with evident or anticipated needs to ameliorate or improve a human condition or lifeway or face death.

Answer 64

care as a verb

Question 65

may result when an outsider attempts to comprehend or adapt effectively to a different cultural group.

Answer 65

Culture shock

Question 66

refers to the outsider’s efforts, both subtle and not so subtle, to impose their own cultural values, beliefs, behaviors upon an individual, family, or group from another culture.

Answer 66

cultural imposition

Question 67

What model was constructed by Madeleine Leininger?

Answer 67

The Sunrise Model

Question 68

What are the 5 ways to improve cultural competence in Nursing care?

Answer 68

1. Perform a cultural competence self-assessment 2. Obtain a certificate in cultural competence. 3. Improve communication and language barriers. 4. Directly engage in cross-cultural interactions with patients. 5. Participate in online chats and networks.