Grammatical Development

Question 1

one word stage 4

Answer 1

18 months to 1 year

2 word phrases used in one unit, e.g. “allgone”

includes holophrases

understanding of more complex syntax, shown by responding to 2-word phrases, “kiss daddy”

Question 2

what is a holophrase

Answer 2

part of one-word stage
single word reflects more complex message
e.g. ‘juice’, instead of ‘I want some juice’

Question 3

two word stage

Answer 3

over 18 months

repeating what an adult’s saying, omitting grammar and changing order

focuses on key words and can express a range of complex meaning

Ben’s playing in the garden - play garden
Jenny is sleeping - Jenny sleep

Question 4

what age is the telegraphic stage and what does it consist of

Answer 4

2 years, 3/4 word utterances

Question 5

what is the classic structure of a sentence in a telegraphic stage

Answer 5

subject + verb + object/compliment/adverbial

Question 6

3 examples of subject + verb + object/compliment/adverbial

Answer 6

Amy likes tea
Amy looks tired
Amy sleeps upstairs

Question 7

what is an adverbial

Answer 7

word/phrase used as an adverb to modify a verb/clause

Question 8

what happens to utterances in the telegraphic stage

Answer 8

condensed structure of utterances

Question 9

how is the telegraphic stage like telegrams

Answer 9

omits:
determiners (the)
auxiliary verb (is)
prepositions (to)

Question 10

what do children get command of during the telegraphic stage

Answer 10

command of a wider range of structures

e.g. questions and commands as well as simple statements

Question 11

progress during the telegraphic stage

Answer 11

progress is rapid
e.g. inclusion of:
determiners
coordinating conjunctions
inflectional affixes, -ing, -ed, -s

Question 12

what happens by age 5 years

Answer 12

basic grammatical rules have been learnt

Question 13

what are inflections

Answer 13

the form of a word

Question 14

acquisition of inflections

Answer 14

predictable pattern in the acquisition of inflectional affixes
e.g. -ed, -ing

Question 15

case study related to the acquisition of inflections

Answer 15

Brown 1973
study between 20 and 36 months
a sequence occurred regularly

Question 16

Brown’s sequence that occurred regularly in the order they were required (7)

Answer 16

1. -ing
2. plural -s
3. posessive -‘s
4. ‘the’, ‘a’
5. past tense -end
6. third person singular verb ending -s
7. auxiliary ‘be’

Question 17

case study for 3 stages of acquisition of inflection

Answer 17

Cruttenden 1979

Question 18

stage one of Cruttenden’s 3 stages

Answer 18

1. memorising words on an individual basis, no regard for rules

Question 19

stage two of Cruttenden’s 3 stages

Answer 19

awareness of general principles governing inflections
may apply regular word endings and irregular inflections
e.g. foots, runned
overregularization

Question 20

stage three of Cruttenden’s 3 stages

Answer 20

correct inflections

Question 21

inflections case study

Answer 21

Berko 1958

wug/wugs experiment

Question 22

What to questions rely on

Answer 22

intonation, rising voice

Question 23

negatives

Answer 23

dependance on ‘no’ and ‘not’
3rd year, ‘don’t’ and ‘can’t’ as well
‘didn’t and ‘isn’t’ as well