Beginning of language and phonological development

Question 1

what are the stages of development (6)

Answer 1

• Before birth
• Crying
• Cooing
• Babbling
• Phonetic expansion and contraction
• Intonation and gesture

Question 2

Before birth (+ study)

Answer 2

starts to become acclimatised to sounds

Mehler 88, French babies study

Question 3

crying

Answer 3

language of crying, different types can be identified

Question 4

cooing

Answer 4

6/8 weeks old

increased control over vocal chords

Question 5

babbling

Answer 5

6-9 months
closer resembles adult language
reduplicated monosyllables

Question 6

what other 2 stages are in the babbling stage

Answer 6

phonetic expansion and contraction

intonation and gesture

Question 7

phonetic expansion and contraction

Answer 7

during babbling phase

initial increase of phones, decrease to native sounds

Question 8

intonation and gesture

Answer 8

during babbling stage
patterns of intonation
rising tone at the end of utterance, question communication

Question 9

what year does phonological development take place

Answer 9

1st year

Question 10

what are trends of phonological development (4)

Answer 10

command of vowels before command of consonants, nearly all by the age of 2 and a half

consonants first used right at start of words, the end presents more difficulty

sounds that are in lots of words will be acquired first

children simplify words of ease, deletion and substitution

Question 11

deletion

Answer 11

of sounds
final consonants being dropped (ca-cat)
unstressed syllables (banana-nana)
reduction of consonant clusters (snake-nake)

Question 12

substitution

Answer 12

easier sounds for harder ones
r (rock-wock)
th (that-dat)
t (toe-doe)
p (pig-big)
reduplication (dog-gog)

Question 13

case study related to phonological development

Answer 13

Berko and Brown
1960
fish/fis study
children understand language faster than they speak

Question 14

intonation

Answer 14

consciously alter tone and rhythm of voice before speech

e.g. MY car

Question 15

case study of intonation

Answer 15

Cruttenden 1974
tottenham vs arsenal game
adults could tell who was going to win through commentator’s intonation, ages 7-11 had less success