Grammar - Week 14 Flashcards
Genitve singular of 1st declension nouns
All nouns whose genitive ends in -ae are in the 1st declension
Gender of 1st declension nouns
1st declension nouns are feminine unless they name a male like nauta.
Subject case
Nominative
Subject-verb agreement
The verb agrees with its subject in person and number.
Direct object case
Accusative
Position of verb
The verb usually stands last in the sentence.
Position of adverb
The adverb usually stands immediately before hte word it modifies.
Case for possessives and “of” phrases
Genitive
Genitive singular of 2nd declension nouns
-i
Gender of 2nd declension nouns
-us - masculine
-um - neuter
Unique characteristic of all neuter (Grammar 39)
Nominative and accusative are same, both nouns and adjectives in singular and plural
Indirect object case, or the “to/for” case
Dative
Two ways to indicate indirect objects in English
(1) “to” and (2) word order
(1) Christ gave God glory.
(2) Christ gave glory to God.
Prepositions take either of what two cases?
Ablative, accusative
Give the case for each preposition: propter, post, cum, in
propter: accusative, post: accusative, cum: ablative, in: ablative
Predicate nominitave case (Grammar 474)
Nominative
Position of forms of sum in a Latin sentence (Grammar 461)
Anywhere in sentence
Genetive singular of 3rd declension nouns
-is
Natural gender rule applies to ALL declensions (Grammar 46-47)
A noun naming a male person is masculine (dux); a noun naming a female person is feminine (māter)
3rd declension feminine noun rule (Grammar 50)
Nouns ending in -s, -o, -x (SOX) are generally feminine.
3rd declension masculine noun rule (Grammar 49)
Nouns ending in -er and -or (ERROR) are generally masculine.
3rd declension neuter noun rule (Grammar 51)
Nouns ending in -l, -a, -n, -c, -e, -t (LANCET) are generally neuter.
Appositive
A noun or a phrase that is “put beside” another noun to rename or explain it and set off by commas.
Agreement rule for appositives (Grammar 473)
An appositive agrees with its noun in number and case.
There is
There are
est (the expletive there)
sunt (the expletive there)
Give the nominative and genitive of the 6 neuter nouns of the 3rd declension.
agmen, agminis; corpus, corporis; flūmen, flūminis; iter, itineris; nōmen, nōminis; vulnus, vulneris
1st declension noun endings
-a, -ae, -ae, -am, -ā, -ae, -ārum, -īs, -ās, -īs
Decline terra
terra, terrae, terrae, terram, terrā, terrae, terrārum, terrīs, terrās, terrīs
What is the grammatical funtion of the Nominative case and how is it translated into English?
Subject - usually palced before the verb; Predicate - usually placed after the to be verb
What is the grammatical funtion of the Genitive case and how is it translated into English?
Possessive - of (the) ___ or ___’s
What is the grammatical funtion of the Dative case and how is it translated into English?
Indirect object - to (the) ___ or for (the) ___
What is the grammatical funtion of the Accusative case and how is it translated into English?
Direct object - usually placed after the verb; generally receives or is the result of the action verb
How is the Ablative case translated into English?
in ___ or by ___ or with ___ or from ___
2nd declension masculine case endings
-us, -ī, -ō, -um, -ō, -ī, -ōrum, -īs, -ōs, -īs
Decline servus
servus, servī, servō, servum, servō, servī, servōrum, servīs, servōs, servīs
2nd declension masculine case endings
-us, -ī, -ō, -um, -ō, -ī, -ōrum, -īs, -ōs, -īs
Decline servus
servus, servī, servō, servum, servō, servī, servōrum, servīs, servōs, servīs
Decline sum, and give the English meanings
sum - I am, es - you are, est - he, she, it is, sumus, - we are, estis - you (pl.) are, sunt - they are
List the 3rd Declension Noun endings
- , -is, -ī, -em, -e, -ēs, -um, -ibus, -ēs, -ibus
- , -is, -ī, -em, -e, -ēs, -ium, -ibus, -ēs, -ibus
- , -is, -ī, -, -e, -ā, -um, -ibus, -a, -ibus
Decline lēx
lēx, lēgis, lēgī, lēgem, lēge,
lēgēs, lēgum, lēgibus, lēgēs, lēgibus
Decline pars
pars, partis, partī, partem, parte, partēs, partium, partibus, partēs, partibus
Decline flūmen
flūmen, flūminis, flūminī, flūmen, flūmine, flūmina, flūminum, flūminibus, flūmina, flūminibus
4th Declension endings
-us, -ūs, -uī, -um, -ū, -ūs, -uum, -ibus, -ūs -ibus
Decline portus, ūs
portus, portūs, portuī, portum, portū, portūs, portuum, portibus, portūs, portibus
Genetive singular ending of 4th declension nouns
-ūs
Gender of 4th declension nouns
usually masculine
The preposition in with the acc. and abl.
In with the acc. indiates motion; in with ablative indicates position
5th Declension endings
-ēs, -eī, -eī, -em, -ē, -ēs, -ērum, -ēbus, -ēs, -ēbus
Genitive singulr ending of 5th declension nouns
-eī
Gender of 5th declension nouns
Usually feminine
Decline rēs, reī
rēs, reī, reī, rem, rē, rēs, rērum, rēbus, rēs, rēbus
Two groups of adjectives
1st/2nd declension; 3rd declension
Adjective-noun agreement
An adjective agrees with its noun in gender, number, and case, but not necessarily declension.
Position rule for adjectives
Adjectives of quantity usually preced their nouns; adjectives of quality usually follow.
Predicate adjective case
Nominative
