Grammar - Final Review Flashcards
The sign of the 3rd conjugation
All verbs whose present infinitive active end in -ere (with the first e short) belong to the 3rd conjugation.
Four principal parts of the 2nd conjugation (moneō)
The endings of the four principal parts of the 2nd conjugation are: -eō, -ēre, -uī, -itus.
Uniqueness of future indiciative active of the 3rd conjugation
The future indicative active of the 3rd conjugation is different from the 1st and 2nd declensions. While the personal endings are the same, there is no tense sign, and the vowel of the ending changes.
Predicate adjective case
Nominative
Agreement of possessive adjectives
Possessive adjectives agree with the noun they modify in case, number, and gender.
Genitive singulr ending of 5th declension nouns
-eī
Personal endings of verbs
The personal endings of all Latin verbs are:
-ō or -m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt
Genetive singular of 3rd declension nouns
-is
Ablative of Accompaniment
The ablative with cum is used when with expresses association, pointing out the person or think in company with which something is or is done.
Three characteristics of verbs
In both English and Latin, verbs change their form to express person, number, and tense. (There are actually more than three but we will study only three.)
Gender of 5th declension nouns
Usually feminine
Formation of the Imperfect Tense
Verbs in the imperfect tense are formed on the present stem.
Three ways to ask questions in Latin
Interrogative adverbs, pronouns, and particles are three ways questions can be asked in Latin.
Gender of 4th declension nouns
usually masculine
The grammatical concept of person
Grammatical person indicates either 1st person (the person speaking: I, we), 2nd person (person spoken to: you), 3rd person (person spoken of: he, she, it, they)
Agreement rule for appositives (Grammar 473)
An appositive agrees with its noun in number and case.
Direct reflexives
A pronoun that refers back to the subject of its own clause is a direct reflexive.
Genitve singular of 1st declension nouns
All nouns whose genitive ends in -ae are in the 1st declension
Two groups of adjectives
1st/2nd declension; 3rd declension
There is
There are
est (the expletive there)
sunt (the expletive there)
Four principal parts of the 4th conjugation
The endings of the four principal parts of verbs in the 4th declesions are: -iō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus (audiō, audīre, audīvī, audītus).
The sign of the 2nd conjugation
All verbs whose present infinitive active ends in -ēre belong to the 2nd conjugation.
Third person direct reflexives
When a third person pronoun refers back to the subject of its own clause, a form of suī, rather than is, ea, id must be used.
Ablative of Means
The ablative without a preposition is used to express a non-living agent or the means or instrument by which something is done.
Ablative of Agent
When an action is done by a living agent, it is expressed in Latin by using the preposition ā/ab.
Four principal parts of 1st conjugation (laudō)
The endings of the four principal parts of hte 1st conjugation are: -ō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus. (laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātus)