Grammar - Syntax

Question 1

Grammar

Answer 1

The whole system and structure of a language (including morphology and syntax)

Question 2

Syntax

Answer 2

The word order and grammatical structure of sentences

Question 3

Double Negative

Answer 3

Two negatives placed in the same sentence, thereby turning it into a positive

For example:
It can’t possibly not rain = It will rain

Question 4

Tautology

Answer 4

Producing redundancy through saying the same thing twice in different words

For example:
Sam’s AUTOBIOGRAPHY of HIS OWN LIFE

Question 5

Clause

Answer 5

A grammatical unit which can either stand alone (main clause) or support a section of the sentence (subordinate clause) but it must contain a verb

Question 6

Main Clause

Answer 6

A clause which is complete by itself and as such, can form an independent sentence

For example:
I walk the dog

Question 7

Subordinate Clause

Answer 7

A clause which is not complete by itself and as such, cannot form independent sentence

For example:
Because the pig rolled.

Question 8

Conditional Clause

Answer 8

A specific type of subordinate clause which expresses an imagined situation or condition and the possible result of that situation - it is usually introduced with either IF or UNLESS

For Example:
If it rains

Question 9

Relative Clause

Answer 9

A specific type of subordinate clause which adds more information to the noun and is usually introduced with a relative pronoun

For example:
My gran, who is 82, still lives in Newcastle.

Question 10

Co-ordination

Answer 10

Joining aspects of a sentence together using coordinating conjunctions. These are FANBOYS

Question 11

Subordination

Answer 11

Joining aspects of a sentence together using subordinating conjunctions.

For example:
Because

Question 12

Sentence

Answer 12

A unit of meaning which is formed from a clause / several clauses (except in the case of the minor / orthographic sentences)

Question 13

Simple Sentence

Answer 13

One complete independent clause

For example:
I burnt dinner.

Question 14

Compound Sentence

Answer 14

2 or more independent clauses which are joined together with a coordinating conjunction

For example:
I made tea and she fell asleep.

Question 15

Complex Sentence

Answer 15

An independent close and a dependent / subordinate clause which are usually joined with either a subordinating conjunction or a comma

For example:
Whilst I was sleeping, I walked around my house.

Question 16

Compound-Complex Sentence

Answer 16

They have at least two independent clauses and a subordinate clause.

For example:
When it was snowing, Pippa read and she drank hot chocolate.

Question 17

Orthographic / Minor Sentence

Answer 17

A sentence without a verb (also called a fragment sentence)

For example:
Oh my God!

Question 18

Declarative Utterance

Answer 18

A sentence which makes a statement

Question 19

Exclamative Utterance

Answer 19

A sentence which has an expressive function and ends with an exclamation mark

Question 20

Imperative Utterance

Answer 20

A sentence which is a command

Question 21

Interrogative Utterance

Answer 21

A sentence which asks a question

Question 22

Conditional Utterance

Answer 22

A main clause and a conditional clause showing possibility.

For example:
If it rains, I will cry.

Question 23

Subject

Answer 23

The noun, pronoun or noun phrase that precedes and governs the main verb.

Question 24

Object

Answer 24

A noun, noun phrase or a pronoun that is affected by the action of a verb.

Question 25

Active Voice

Answer 25

Placing the subject before the verb

For example:
The pupils looked in confusion at Miss B.

Question 26

Passive Voice

Answer 26

Placing the object and verb before the subject – it is usually indicated by “by + subject”, however the subject is sometimes omitted

Question 27

Vocative

Answer 27

A word or phrase used to address a reader or a listener directly, usually in the form of a personal name, title, or term of endearment

Question 28

Antecedent

Answer 28

The noun or noun phrase which a pronoun refers to.

For example:
If a MAN has talent and can’t use it, HE’S failed.

Question 29

Fronting (Front-Focus)

Answer 29

Placing elements of a clause before they would typically appear to add emphasis

For example:
A very posh camera it was.

Question 30

Suspension (End-Focus)

Answer 30

Delaying the most important information within a sentence until the end.

For example:
All you need is love.

Question 31

Fronted Adverbial

Answer 31

An adverbial phrase which has been moved to the front of the sentence and is usually separated from the main clause with a comma

For example:
All night long, we danced.

Question 32

Syntactical Parallelism

Answer 32

When parts of the sentence are grammatically the same or are similar in construction - it can be a word, a phrase, or an entire sentence.

For example:
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.

Question 33

Normal Syntax

Answer 33

The typical word order and grammatical structure of sentences.

For example:
Jane ate the cake.

Question 34

Inverted Syntax

Answer 34

A change to the typical word order and grammatical structure of sentences.

For Example:
A cake Jane ate.