Grammar Points

Question 1

negative sentences

Answer 1

simply add no in front of the verb

e.g.: el carro no es nuevo
el hombre no es alto

Question 2

first person singular pronoun

Answer 2

Yo (I)

Question 3

first person plural pronoun

Answer 3

nosotros (we)

Question 4

second person singular pronoun

Answer 4

tú (you)

Question 5

second person plural informal pronoun

Answer 5

vosotros (you)

Question 6

second person singular formal pronoun

Answer 6

usted (you)

Question 7

second person plural formal pronoun

Answer 7

ustedes (you guys)

Question 8

third person singular pronoun

Answer 8

el (he)

ella (she)

Question 9

third person plural pronoun

Answer 9

ellos (they, males)

ellas (they, females)

Question 10

it

Answer 10

not expressed in spanish; it can be understood from the meaning of the sentence

eg: qué es? (what is it?)
es una herramienta (it is a tool)

Question 11

Noun gender

Answer 11

unos: masculine, plural
unas: feminine, plural
noun ends in “e”: masculine
noun ends in consonant: feminine

Question 12

pluralizing a noun

Answer 12

rule #1: in a noun ends in a vowel, add “s”
rule #2: in a noun ends in a consonant, add “es”
rule #3: if a word ends in a “z”, change the “z” to a “c” then add “es”

eg: la chica (the girl): las chicas (the girls), una chica (a girl), unas chicas (some girls)
la mujer (the woman):  las mujeres (the women), una mujer (a woman), unas mujeres (some women)
la luz (the light), las luces (the lights), una luz (a light), unas luxes (some lights)

Question 13

Feminine Professional jobs

Answer 13

add an “a” to the end

eg: doctor: doctora

Question 14

adjectives

Answer 14

must agree with the noun gender it is describing

eg: La chica es alta (the girl is tall)
tengo un carro blanco (I have a white car)

Question 15

adjectives for plural nouns

Answer 15

add “s” to the end of the adjective

eg: Las mujeres son altas
Los hombres altos van en un auto rojo
Las casas son grandes
Los caminos son largos

Question 16

Diphthong

Answer 16

combination of a weak vowel with a strong vowel

eg: the “io” in patio (pah-teeoh)

stress falls on the weaker vowel only if it has an accent, otherwise the stress falls on the stronger vowel.

Question 17

Reflexive verbs and pronouns

Answer 17

English places the pronoun after the conjugated verb, Spanish places pronoun before conjugated verb

eg: English: you bathe yourself
Spanish: you yourself bathe

Question 18

Reflexive pronouns

Answer 18

yo: me
tu: te
el, ella, usted: se
nostros: nos
vosotros: os
ellos, ustedes: se