Grammar & Parts of Speech

Question 1

Nominative Case

Answer 1

1. Indicates the subject of the sentence
   
   1. the girl is sleeping
2. Indicates a predicate nominative with linking verbs
   
   1. the dog is tired

Question 2

Genitive Case

Answer 2

1. Shows possession - “of” or “’s”
2. Part of a whole - part of the city
3. Description - a girl of greatest beauty
4. Objective - the fear of dogs

Question 3

Dative Case

Answer 3

1. Indirect Objects - “to” or “for” - I am giving a gift to you
2. Reference - I am building a house for you
3. Possession - I have a horse, my name is

Question 4

Accusative Case

Answer 4

1. Direct Object - the girl loves the boy
2. Object of some Prepositions
   
   1. toward, at, near
   2. to, into, through
   3. after, behind, across
3. Duration of time - for three hours, for five days

Question 5

Ablative Case

Answer 5

1. “by/with/from/in/on” - adverbial
   
   1. The gladiator was wounded, by a sword
2. Shows time when - at the fourth hour
3. Object of some Prepositions
   
   1. in, from

Question 6

Adverb

Answer 6

Modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb

typically position before that word

ad + verbum, next to/near the verb

Question 7

Attribute Adjective

Answer 7

1. Adds information about, or modifies, a noun, pronoun
2. Must agree with noun in gender, number, and case
3. Usually positioned next to, and following, it’s noun
4. Exceptions include…
   
   1. Adjectives denoting size, number
   2. Demonstratives such as this, that
   3. Words being emphasized by the author

Question 8

Syllabification

Answer 8

1. Two contiguous vowels, or vowel + diphthong, are separated.
2. A single consonant between two vowels goes with the second.
3. Two plus consonants between two vowels, last consonant goes with vowel.
4. A hard stop (p, b, t, d, c, g) + a liquid (l, r) count as a single consonant.
5. Also counted as a single consonant re qu, ch, ph, and th.

Question 9

Accents

Answer 9

• Long by Position*: A syllable contains a short vowel followed by two or more consonants, or x ( = ks ).
• Long by Nature*: A syllable contains a long vowel or diphthong.

1. In a word of two syllables, the accent always goes on the first.
2. In a word of three or more syllables
   
   1. The accent falls on the next to last if it is long.
   2. Otherwise, the accent falls on the one before it.