GRAMMAR - ORGANIZED

Question 1

CONTRAST
- However
- Whereas
- On the contrary
- On the other hand

Answer 1

• However = Cependant
  “J’aime le cafe. Cependant, je n’aime pas le boire froid.”
  • Whereas = Tandis que
    “La musique de Chopin est mélancolique, tandis que celle de Debussy est plus apaisante.”
  • On the contrary = En revanche (plus formel)
    “Les champignons sont bons pour ta sante. En revanche, les bonbons ne le sont pas.”

Other: Par contre (less formal)

- On the other hand = Par contre *"Je n'aime pas les legumes. Par contre, j'adore les champignons."*

Question 2

According to

Answer 2

Selon
Selon les documents que mon professeur m’a donnés, je dois passer un examen sur les machines pour devenir ingénieur.

Question 3

DURATION
- During
- Since
- From now on
- As long as
- Until
- “Ago”

Answer 3

• Pendant
  “Elle dessine toujours pendant son cours.” (Note: “dessin” is drawing and “dessine” is the verb conjugation for il/elle. Cours is for a session of class, and classe is for a group of people.)
  • Depuis
    “Je danse depuis que je sais marcher.” (Note: the French don’t have “I have been”, but they just use present tense. VERY IMPORTANT NOTE: “depuis que” is for “since (subject and verb)”, while “depuis” is succeeded by a time, date, a duration, or a point of departure like “Je danse depuis 2010”, “Elle vit ici depuis trois ans”, or “Nous attendons depuis ce matin.”)
  -Desormais
  “Desormais, je ne te mentirai plus.” (Note: you can impress the examiner by knowing what kind of negation to use, from “never” to “no longer” to “nothing”.)
  • Tant que
    “Tant que je serai etudiante, j’etudierai serieusement.” (Note: impress the examiner with good vocabulary. You want to study seriously, not study well. This is a big plus. You originally put “etudierai bien” but chatGPT suggested “etudierai serieusement”)
  • Jusqu’a
    “Je travaillerai jusqu’a cet apres-midi” (Note: not l’apres midi, but cet apres midi, for more clarity that it’s within the day that you will be working)

BTW: Plutot - instead

Question 4

IMPERATIVE FORMS: ATTENDRE

Answer 4

Formal: Attendez-moi
Informal: Attends-moi

Wait until something happens: Attendez qu’ils deviennent dore(accent aigu)s. - attendez que is used because “QUE introduces a subordinate clause and acts as a conjunction meaning “that”.

Wait that they turn gold

• Tu dois l’attendre.
• Tu dois les attendre.
• Ils ne nous attendent pas
• Ils ne nous ont pas attendus
• Il ne m’a pas attendu

Question 5

AGREEMENT BETWEEN PARTICIPE PASSE AND X IN THE PASSE COMPOSE

Answer 5

1. Participe passe doesn’t have to agree with the subject for AVOIR auxiliary verb
2. Participe passe has to agree with the direct object for AVOIR auxiliary verb IF it precedes the verb
3. Participe passe has to agree with the subject for ETRE auxiliary verb
4. But participe passe of ETRE often does not have a direct object, so no need to worry about whether it agrees with DO or not.

Question 6

TRANSITION FOR LOGICAL PROGRESSION
- First of all
- Then
- Next
- Additionally
- Moreover
- Indeed
- Thus
- As a result
- Therefore
- Finally

Answer 6

1. Tout d’abord, vous devez lire les instructions que le medecin a ecrites pour vous.
2. Ensuite, mettez les deux oeufs dans la poele et attendez qu’ils deviennent dores
3. D’abord, vous devez etudier. Puis, vous devez travailler.
4. De plus,
5. Les oeufs sont tres bons pour la sante. Par ailleurs, tout le monde les mange pour ameliorer sa condition physique.
6. En effet, la lune n’est pas un morceau de fromage.
7. La laitue est trop chere. Ainsi, nous n’en acheterons pas.
   Important: remember that “buy” is a transitive verb, so it always needs a direct object. If you say “nous n’acheterons pas,” it’s wrong, because it means “we won’t buy”. But it should be “we won’t buy it”, so we add “nous n’en acheterons pas.”
8. La mère n’a pas acheté de laitue. En conséquence, ses enfants n’ont pas mangé leur dîner. (see? de for negative. Les if it were positive)
9. Les serveurs sont tres aimables, l’ambiance est accueillante, mais les pates ne sont pas les meilleures. Donc, ce restaurant n’est pas parfait.
10. Finalement, après le mauvais repas, les serveurs nous ont donné des desserts gratuits — mais leur crème à la fraise était amère

I noticed many of your mistakes here are because you made careless stuff like poor subject verb agreement and the like. Just be sure to write slowly on your midterms. You aren’t racing. Just take it slow and steady and make sure you’re writing it all correctly.

Question 7

ORDER OF DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS IN PASSE COMPOSE

Answer 7

1. Pronoun (Direct Object) is placed before the auxiliary verb (avoir or etre)
   
   • example: “Il l’a mangee.” (Notice how “mangee” agrees with the feminine “la pomme”, which is substituted by “l”)
   • example: “Il ne l’a pas mangee” (Not “Il n’a la pas mangee”)
2. Pronoun (indirect object) is placed before the auxiliary verb
   
   • example: “Il lui a donne un livre” (He gave her a book)
   • example: “Il ne lui a pas donne de livre.”
3. Together, indirect object goes before direct object
   
   • example: Il me le donne (He gives it to me) and Il ne me le donne pas (He does not give it to me)
4. Passe compose, together
   
   • 1st person (whether indirect or direct), then 3rd person direct object, then third person indirect object
   • Then, put the avoir and etre (example: “tu le lui as donne” and “tu ne me l’as pas donne”)

Just remember:
**
- Everything (all the pronouns both indirect and direct) falls before the auxiliary verb
- Everything, if negative, goes after the “ne”
- If there are direct objects and indirect objects used at the same time, then the order is always first person, then third person (direct object) then third person indirect object.
**