Grammar one, chapter 1 word classes

Question 1

What are word classes usually called?

Answer 1

The parts of speech

Question 2

What can word classes be divided into ?

Answer 2

Open classes and closed classes

Question 3

Name the open classes

Answer 3

nouns, adjectives, main verbs, adverbs. They are open to new words

Question 4

Name closed classes

Answer 4

pronouns, determiners, auxiliariy verbs, conjunctions, prepositions. They are not open to new words.

Question 5

Can a word belong to more than one class?

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

what are homonyms?

Answer 6

words that share the same form but are not related in meaning. ex: peer (belonging to a group) or peer (to look)

Question 7

what ar homophones?

Answer 7

words that share the same sound but differ in spelling for ex: weigh, and way

Question 8

what are homographs?

Answer 8

words that share the same spelling but differ in pronounciation; row and row (quarrel)

Question 9

What are lexical words?

Answer 9

Those listed as main entries in dictionaries but they include any associated grammatical forms

Question 10

what are suffixes?

Answer 10

endings added to words to form new words

Question 11

What are some noun suffixes?

Answer 11

-tion (education, relation)
-er,-or (camper, actor)
-ism (optimism, socialism)
-ity (mentality,normality)
-ment (environment, government)
-ness (happieness, darkness)

Question 12

Are some suffixes part of the words when they were borrowed from other languages?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

What are proper nouns?

Answer 13

Nouns that are the names of spesific people, places or occasions and they usually begin with a capital letter; Shakespeare, New York

Question 14

Can proper nouns be converted into common nouns ?

Answer 14

yes, like the thomsons I knew. Thomson cannot ordinarily be made plural but here they mean the people in the family with the name Thomson.

Question 15

What are common nouns?

Answer 15

Nouns that are not names, such as capital in; the capital of the Netherlands

Question 16

What subclasses can common verbs be divided into?

Answer 16

Type of referent; concrete or abstract nouns
grammatical form: count or non-count

Question 17

what are concrete nouns?

Answer 17

They refer to people, places, things: girl, kitchen, car

Question 18

what are abstract nouns?

Answer 18

They refer to qualities, states or actions; humour, belief, honesty

Question 19

Can some nouns be either concrete or abstract?

Answer 19

Yes, depending on the their meaning:
Concrete: Thomas can kick a football 50 yards (concrete)
abstract: Thomas often plays football on saturdays (abstract)

Question 20

What are count-nouns?

Answer 20

Refer to enttities that can be counted: They can have both singular and plural forms and they can be accompanied by determiners that refer to distinctions in number.
a student , many students

Question 21

What are non-count nouns?

Answer 21

Nouns that cannot be counted; information, furniture, software. They are treated as singulair an can be accompanied by determiners that do not refer to distinctions in number; your information, that information

Question 22

is there a general tendency for abstract nouns to be non-count?

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

Can some nouns be count or non-count?

Answer 23

Yes, depending on their meaning

Question 24

Name two situations were non-count can be converted into count-nouns with two types of special use

Answer 24

1. when the count noun refers to different kinds or variaties; the shop has a large selection of cheeses
2. when the count noun refers to units that are obvious in the situation; I`ll have two coffees please

Question 25

Are few and fewer used with count or non-count nouns?

Answer 25

count nouns

Question 26

are little and less used with count or non-count nouns?

Answer 26

non-count nouns

Question 27

Does count nouns make a distinction in number?

Answer 27

Yes, singular and plural. The regular plural ends in -s.

Question 28

What are the plural english forms that represent the older english.

Answer 28

man-men, woman, women, foot-feet, goose-geese
tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, louse-lice, brother-brethren
child-children, ox-oxen

Question 29

Are nouns in english distinguised for gender(masculine or feminine)

Answer 29

No, but some nouns have male and female reference; father, mother, boy, girl, host, hostess, hero, heroine, widower, widow, bridegroom, bride, bull, cow, lion and lioness

Question 30

What case does nouns have?

Answer 30

Common case and genitive case

Question 31

Which case form in english is most often used? Give examples of common case

Answer 31

Common case; the student, the students

Question 32

What is gentive case?

Answer 32

The gentitive case generally indicates that the noun is dependent on the noun that follows it; this case often corresponds to a structure with of:
Jane`s reaction, the reaction of jane

Question 33

what is the singular and plural common case of the sentence with regular nouns “The student”

Answer 33

The student, the students

Question 34

what is the genitive singular and plural case of the sentence with irregular nouns” the students essay”

Answer 34

The student`s essay, the students’ essay

Question 35

Does irregular nouns distinguish all four forms in speech as well as in writing?

Answer 35

Yes,
common case; the child, the children
genitive case; the childs toy, the childrens toy

The same genititive inflection is atteched to both the singular and the plural

Question 36

What are irregular nouns?

Answer 36

Irregular plural nouns are nouns that do not become plural by adding -s or -es, as most nouns in the English language do. For example, the plural form of man is men, not mans. The plural form of woman is women, not womans.

Question 37

What is a genitive nouns phrase? and a dependent genitive phrase

Answer 37

Is usually equivalante to an of-phrase;
the childs parents the parents of the child In the childs parents, the genitive phrase is a dependent genitive that functions as a determiner. When the phrase is not dependent on a following noun it is an independent genitive.