Grammar | Nouns Flashcards
How are nouns grouped?
Nouns are grouped into five families called declensions.
What are the four attributes of nouns?
- Declension: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th
- Gender: masculine, feminine, neuter
- Number: singular and plural
- Case: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative
What are the two types of genders?
Nouns that name male or female persons, such as father or queen, are masculine or feminine and have natural gender. Nouns that name non-living things have grammatical gender, and are identified as masculine, feminine, or neuter.
Case refers to the job (function) of a noun in a sentence. What are the quick uses for the Latin cases?
nominative: the subject case (the rose)
genitive: the possessive or of case (of the rose)
dative: the indirect object or to/for case (to the rose)
accusative: the in/by/with/from case (in the rose)
To decline a noun is to say or list its form in the five cases, singular and plural. Decline the noun rosa, rose.
- Singular
nominative: rosa (The rose is red, subject)
genitive: rosae (scent of the rose, the rose’s scent, possession)
dative: rosae (water for the rose, indirect object)
accusative: rosam (I picked a rose, direct object)
ablative: rosā: (I got stuck by the rose, means [how]) - Plural
nominative: rosae (The roses grew tall, subject)
genitive: rosārum (color of roses, quality)
dative: rosīs (talking to the roses, indirect object)
accusative: rosās (I smell the roses, direct object)
ablative: rosīs (We saw a bee in the roses, location)
Decline the first declension feminine noun mensa, table.
-
Singular
mensa
mensae
mensae
mensam
mensā -
Plural
mensae
mensārum
mensīs
mensās
mensīs
Decline the second declension masculine noun servus, servant.
-
Singular
servus
servī
servō
servum
servō -
Plural
servī
servōrum
servīs
servōs
servīs
Decline the second declension neuter noun bellum, war.
-
Singular
bellum
bellī
bellō
bellum
bellō -
Plural
bella
bellōrum
bellīs
bella
bellīs
