Grammar Deck

Question 1

Yes/No Questions

Answer 1

Definition: Yes/No questions often begin with the verb to be, but can also begin with other auxiliary verbs, such as do. We ask these when we want a yes or no answer.

Examples:
Are you hungry? Yes, I’m starving
Did you get here on time? No, I missed the bus!

Question 2

Wh-questions

Answer 2

Definition: Wh-questions start with a question word, such as who, what, where, when, why or how. We ask this type of question when we want different kinds of information. These questions cannot be answered with yes or no.

Examples:
Why are you so hungry? I didn’t eat breakfast
When did you get here? About half an hour ago.

Question 3

Present Simple

Answer 3

We use the present simple for:
• things that we do regularly
• facts and truths
• habits
• permanent situations
We often use adverbs of frequency and time expressions likeevery day, once a week, on Fridays.

Examples:
I checkmy emailevery day.(regular activity)
Sheryl worksat the bank.(permanent situation)

Question 4

Present Continuous

Answer 4

We use the present continuous for:
• things that are happening now–at the time we are speaking,
• temporary situations
• activities that are in progress
We often use time expressions likeat the moment, today, this week.

Examples:
Just a minute. I’m checkingmy email.(now)
She usually works in London, but she’s workingfrom home thisweek. (temporary situation)
I’m studyingEconomics(activity in progress)

Question 5

‘Like’ for preference

Answer 5

Meaning and use

Likecan be used as averbto express a preference or interest in a person, place or thing.
We uselikeas a verb in this way:subject + like + object

Positive
Ilikeshopping.
Boblikesplaying football.

Negative
Idon’tlikesports.
Emilydoesn’tlikereading.

Question
Doyoulikehorror movies?
DoesBoblikecartoons?

Question 6

‘Like’ for description

Answer 6

Likecan also be used as aprepositionto ask for a description of a person, place or thing.
We uselikeas a preposition in this set phrase:
what + to be + noun/noun phrase + like?

Examples:
Emily: What’s your English teacherlike?
Bob: She’s kind and intelligent.

Question 7

Conditionals

Answer 7

Zero conditional - General truths - If + simple present, simple present main clause.
Example: If you heat ice, it melts.

First conditional - A possible condition and its probable result - If + simple present, simple future main clause.
Example: If you don’t hurry, you will miss the train.

Second Conditional - A hypothetical condition and its probable result - If + simple past, present/present continuous conditional.
Example: If you went to bed earlier, you wouldn’t be so tired. // If I spoke Italian, I would be working in Italy.

Third Conditional - An unreal past condition and its probable result in the past - If + Past perfect, perfect conditional or perfect continuous conditional.
Example: If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam. // If I had accepted that promotion, I would have been working in Milan.

Mixed Conditional - An unreal past condition and its probable result in the present - If + Past perfect, Present conditional.
Example: If we had looked at the map, we wouldn’t be lost. // If I had worked harder at school, I would have a better job now.