Grammar Band Descriptor Flashcards
Key point
- Use a range of **complex structures **with some flexibility
- Frequently produce error-free sentences, though some grammatical mistakes persist
Complex sentences
Required for high band
Simple: “I like pizza”
Compound: “I like pizza and I hate pineapple”
Complex: “I lke pizza, unless it has pineapple on it”
Compound-complex :”Although I like pizza, I can’t stand it when it has pineapple, because that is not how pizza should be served”
Stand it:
تحمل کردن
Whereas
Meaning: Change of direction or giving contrasting information within sentence
Grammar: Use in the middle of the sentence, to connect the two different sides of the argument
“My brother lives in Shanghai, whereas I’ve lived in Beijing since graduation.”
What type of cloth do you usually wear?
I It really depends on when we’re taking about.
For example in summer I tend to wear dresses, whereas in winter I have to wear warmer clothes.
As long as
Give opinion for somethingto be true
Create a condition
“As long as I don’t have to touch a snake and , we can go to the zoo.”
“you can go out tonight, as long as you are home by 11pm.”
eX:
Do you think it’s good to have pets?
- In general, I do. As long as the owner is able to give enough love and attention to the pet, I think it’s a good idea. But people who don’t have to look after their pets shouldn’t have them.
Otherwise
A way of giving someone some advice
or maybe giving someone a little bit of a warningof somth that could happen
Shows a possible result that could happen if you don’t take an action. Usually a negative result.
Grammer: It’s used in middle of sentence to add the condition.
First make a suggestion or instruction to someone, then add “Otherwise”
“You’d better speak a bit louder to Grandpa, otherwise he won’t be able to hear you.”
Q: When was the last time someone gave you good advice?
A:I remember my dad told me, ‘Work hard in school, otherwise you won’t be able to go and have fun in unversity!’ I think that was great advice, and I always thank him for that when I see him.
Who
Grammar: Mention a person in main clause, then add comma + who + some info
“Who” usually takes the place of “He/She/they” added info ius background infi not key to sentence
“John, who is a friend of mine, has opened a new shop”
Jay Chou, who is asinger, has released a new album
Q: Did you get on well with your roommates in college?
I got on pretty well with Peter, who was American, and Roger, who was Canadian. However, Vincent, who joined us in our second year, was kind of annoying.
Which
Mention a thing in main clause, then add comma + which + some info
“The Titanic, which sailed from a city called Southhampton, sank on it’s first voyage”
Q: What is your favorite movie, TV show or book? Why?
A: I love anything about space. In particular, Gravity, which was released in 2013, is one of my all-time favourite movies.
It’s a really realistic idea how scary and difficult being in space can be.
Eventhough
“Even though I forgot half of what I had learned, I still passed the test!”
Shows that somth happend/is true despite something else working against it.
