Grammar

Question 1

You use “damit” to express ____. In a sentence with damit, the verbs are always (conjugated/infinitive). This is a (coordinating/subordinating) clause, and in this clause, the subject (has to be the same as/can be different than) the main clause.

Answer 1

You use “damit” to express (A GOAL OR AIM). In a sentence with damit, the verbs are always (CONJUGATED). This is a (SUBORDINATING) clause, and in this clause, the subject (CAN BE DIFFERENT THAN) the main clause

Question 2

In subordinate clauses with ‘damit’, the conjugated for goes at the ______ of the sentence

Answer 2

End

Question 3

Subordinate clauses are (always/never) preceded by a comma

Answer 3

Always

Question 4

You use “um……..zu” to express ____. In a sentence with damit, the verbs are always (conjugated/infinitive). This is a (coordinating/subordinating) clause, and in this clause, the subject (has to be the same as/can be different than) the main clause.

Answer 4

You use “um….zu” to express (A GOAL OR AIM). In a sentence with damit, the verbs are always (INFINITIVE). This is a (SUBORDINATING) clause, and in this clause, the subject (IS THE SAME AS) the main clause

Question 5

For “um…..zu”, the ‘um’ comes _____ and the ‘zu’ comes ______ the verb

Answer 5

For “um…..zu”, the ‘um’ comes AT THE BEGINNING OF THE SUBORDINATE CLAUSE and the ‘zu’ comes BEFORE the verb

Question 6

For countable nouns, what’s the word for ‘more’ and ‘less’

Answer 6

Viele - many
Wenige - few
Ein paar - a few

Question 7

For uncountable nouns, what’s the word for ‘more’ and ‘less’

Answer 7

Drop the ‘e’
Viel - much
Wenig - less

Ein bisschen - a little

Note: The uncountable form without the ‘e’ can also be used for undefined countable nouns, E.g. Hier sind wenig Leute (there are few people here). This is more colloquial.

Question 8

Prepositions associated with woher

Answer 8

Woher - “from where”

Prepositions:
Von: when we are coming from being NEAR a place (e.g. from a flat place like a square)
Aus: when we come from INSIDE a place (includes countries and cities)

Question 9

Prepositions associated with wohin

Answer 9

Wohin - “where to”

Prepositions:
Nach: generally used with places without articles (countries, cities, islands, regions)
Zu: for places with articles (die Post/der Arzt) and people (Sarah) and places with concrete names (McDonald’s)

Question 10

Woher kommst du?

Answer 10

Ich komme AUS Österreich

Question 11

Wo bist du?

Answer 11

Ich bin IN Schweden

Question 12

Wohin färst du?

Answer 12

Ich fahre nach Liechtenstein

Question 13

When does a country or region take in + akk?

Answer 13

If it has an article (e.g. die Schweiz)
With ‘wohin’ (e.g. wohin fährst du? Ich fahre in die Tschechische Republik)

Note: if you ask ‘wo’, ‘in’ takes the dativ case

Question 14

Compound words take the article of the _____ word

Answer 14

Last

Question 15

Sometimes to make a compound word easier to say, an extra letter is added… this is called a ____

Answer 15

Fugenlaut

Question 16

How do you form an indirect question

Answer 16

By putting the verb at the end

E.g. Wo ist das Bürgeramt? -> Wissen sie, wo das Bürgeramt ist?

Question 17

When is “falls” used? What does the sentence structure look like?

Answer 17

Falls (in case) is used when talking about a certain condition.

The sentence structure is the same as when using ‘ob’, but falls doesn’t form indirect questions.

E.g. Vereinbaren Sie online einen Termin, falls Sie keine Zeit haben.

Question 18

If the clause with “falls” is moved to the front in front before the main clause, the verb in the main clause is moved to the ____ position and the subject of the main clause is moved to the ____ position

Answer 18

If the clause with “falls” is moved to the front in front before the main clause, the verb in the main clause is moved to the FIRST position and the subject of the main clause is moved to the SECOND position

Question 19

Können vs könnten

Answer 19

Können = can
Könnten = could 

“Könnten” is the subjunctive (in German: “Konjunktiv”) of “können”. One of the usages of Konjunktiv is expressing courtesy.

In another context, they choice between the two words would change the meaning, however:

“Wir können jetzt gehen.”
“Wir könnten jetzt gehen.”
The first one indicates that we are ready to go now. The second one indicates that we could go now, but there’s something that’s stopping us (even if it’s just the decision to actually go).

Question 20

What does würden mean and is it polite?

Answer 20

Would you… or would you mind…

Very polite

Question 21

What’s the difference between “ich hätte GERN” and “ich hätte GERNE”?

Answer 21

Gern and gerne are the same thing. You can omit the ‘e’.

Question 22

Hätte is the konjunktiv version of ____ and is considered (polite/impolite). “Ich hätte gern” literally means _____

Answer 22

Hätte is the konjunktiv version of habe and is considered polite. “Ich hätte gern” literally means “I would have gladly”.

Question 23

Würden, könnten, and hätten are the konjunktiv forms of what three verbs?

Answer 23

Werden, können, haben

Question 24

When talking to friends and family, it’s more common to use the (konjunktiv/present tense)

Answer 24

Present tense

Question 25

What does the adverb ‘da’ mean at the beginning of sentences?

Answer 25

Often means ‘then’, ‘in that case’, ‘under those circumstances’, ‘for that reason’

Question 26

Perception of the word “ausländer/in” and other options

Answer 26

This word can be perceived as offensive or discriminatory. Can also use:

Einwanderer/in - immigrant
Or
Mitbürger/in mit Migrationshintergrund (fellow citizen with migration background)

Question 27

Why does “muttersprachlern” have an ‘n’ after the preposition ‘von’?

Answer 27

‘Von’ is a preposition that always requires dativ. Some words after a dativ preposition need an ‘N’