Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A LEVEL FRENCH > grammar > Flashcards

grammar Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
French flashcards AP® French flashcards
1
Q

verbs that go before the noun (11)

example: le beau voiture

A 
beau
gentil
grand
jeune
joli
long
mauvais
nouveau
petit
vieux
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

irregular ending: AL conjugations

eg.
national
cheval
hopital
journal
animal
A

masc: al
fem: ale
pl. aux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

irregular ending: EL conjugations

A

masc: el
fem: elle
-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

irregular ending: eil conjugations

A

masc: eil
femme: eille
pl. : eils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

irregular ending: er conjugations

A

masc: er
fem: ère
pl: ers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

irregular ending: EUR conjugations

A

masc: eur
fem: euse
pl: eurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

irregular ending: f conjugations

A

masc: f
fem: ve
pl. : fs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

irregular ending: ien conjugations

A

masc: ien
fem: ienne
pl: iens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

irregular ending: x conjugations

A

masc: x
fem: euse
-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

doux

soft sweet

A

douce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

faux

A

fausse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

frais

A

fraîche

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

inquiet

anxious

A

inquiète

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

sec

A

seche

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

propre (before and after the verb)

A

mon propre chambre (my own room)

mon chambre propre (my dirty room)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ancien (bfore and after the verb)

A

mon ancien professeur (my former teacher)

mon professeur ancien (my ancient teacher)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pauvre (before and after the child)

A

le pauvre enfant (the pitiable child)

l’enfant pauvre (the penniless child)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

uses of since

A

depuis
je apprends le francais depuis…

il y a
il y a cinc ans que j’apprends le francais

voila
voila 5 ans que..

ca fait
ca fait 5 ans que…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

when to use c’est

A

only when referring to something for the first time eg. at the beginning of a sentence

c’est un filme interresante..il est tres bien.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

irregular superlatives and comparitives

A

bon – meilleur le meilleur

mauvais — plus mauvais pire le pire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

idioms
the more the more
the less the less
more and more

A

plus je vais plus je retourne
moins ils lisent moins ils apprennent
elle devient de plus en plus belle il est de moins en moins amusant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

definite articles and when to use

A

le la les

with verbs of preference eg. je deteste le fromage
in a series
when talking about habitual actions
general concept / truth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

indefinite articles

A

un une des

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

partitive articles

A

du de la des d’

change to de in the negative
refer to an uncountable quality such as food and drink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

when to use definite article

A

universal statements eg. j’aime le chocolat chaud
titles le roi: Charles
parts of the body: la tete
countries: la france
descriptions of people or clothing: elle a des cheveaux bruns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

when not to use the article in French

10

A 
with parler about languages:
je parle espanol ... use with other verbs eg. j'etudie le francais
expressions of quantity plein de beurre ... use encore de l'eau
after negatives 
je n'aime pas cereales 
days of the week 
je joue au foot mardi 
except jeudi 
jobs 
il est medecin ... except with adjectives eg. je suis un serveur formidable
sans and avec 
je suis avec ma mere
comme
il travaille comme politique
nouns in apposition
londres, ville grand
after quell
quell beaux yeux!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

when to use the imperfect

A

an interrupted action you were doing
habitual actions in the past
background descriptions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q 
irregular past participle for passe composee
craindre
courir 
croire 
devoir 
ècrire 
falloir 
ouvrir
A 
craindre (to fear) craint
courir couru
croire cru
devoir dû
ècrire ècrit
falloir fallu
ouvrir ouvert
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

les adjectifs possessifs

A 
mon   ma mes
ton     ta  tes
son    sa  ses
notre notre  nos
votre  votres  vos
leur  leur  leurs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

masculin endings 8

A

ending in a consonant

acle, asme, eau, ège, ème, et, isme, ment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

feminine endings 9

A

ending in a silent e or two consonants before

sion, tion, aison, ance, anse, ence, ère, ude, ure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

plural endings

A

x, z, s

dont change between masc and fem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

nouns referring to people

A

will be the masc/fem form
eg.
un acteur - une actrice
un français une française

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

agreeing in the passe composee

A

only with etre
except in avoir if: the noun is before the verb and it needs agreeing eg. la pomme rouge que j’ai mangée était délicieuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

agreeing adjectives masc/fem

A

if the e is followed by another vowel or a silent h the ound cant be pronounced so it is changed to the other form eg.
l’homme est sénégalais (beau) le bel homme est..

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

expressions of quantity

A 
beaucoup de - a lot of, many (doesn't agree)
trop de - too much 
de nombreux - lots, large
plusieurs - several
peu de (doesn't agree)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

examples of negatives (11)

A

ne …… pas (not)
ne …… jamais (never)
ne …… plus (no longer)
ne …… rien (nothing)
ne …… personne (nobody)
ne …… que (only)
ne …… guère (hardly)
ne …… point (emphatic not)
ne …… aucune (no/not any)
ne …… nulle part (nowhere)
ne …… ni…… ni (neither…nor)
ne….pas encore
ne …. pas du tout

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

position of the negative

A

simple tense
- around the verb eg. je ne bois pas

compound tense
- negative goes around the auxiliary
except: ne …… que Je n’ai mangé que ça
ne …… personne Elle n’a vu personne
ne …… nulle part Ils ne l’ont trouvé nulle part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

neither nor

A

ne..ni..ni
eg.
Il n’a ni livre ni stylo
Elle ne sait ni lire ni écrire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

negative as the subject of the sentence

A

it begins the sentence eg.
personnes ne parle = no one speaks

rien ne marche - nothing works

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

interrogatives when there is no verb, what to use

A

rien! - nothing
jamais! - never
personne! - no one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

negatives + de la du des une un

A

only + de

eg. elle ne devine pas de reponses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

negatives with infinitives

A

both go before the verb

eg. de plus en plus personnes ne pas faire du sport, c’est pour cela que gens vivent une vie mauvais

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

what is a pronoun and where do they usually go

A

something that replaces a noun or a group of nouns
eg. le chat, le crayon, la voiture rouge de mon pere
before the noun eg
j’aime mon frere
je l’aime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

direct object pronouns and when to use them

A 
me
te
le
la
nous
vous
les

verbs which take a direct object pronoun are usually followed by a person or a thing
construction with no preposition so no a etc
eg. je regarde peter
je le regarde
gender matters but same for people and things
in the passe compose need to agree the verbs if using a DOP
in infinitive constructions DOP goes between conjugated verb and infinitive
don’t need to agree it in causative constructions/infintives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

indirect object pronouns and when to use them

A 
me
te
lui
lui
nous
vous
leur

verbs taking an indirect object pronoun are followed by a
different for people (lui) and things (y) but gender doesnt matter always lui or leurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

uses of y

A

IT
verb + a quelquechoses

TO THERE
je vais au magasin
j’y vais

THERE
j’habite a paris
j’y habite

48
Q

verbs ending in re present tense endings

A 
s
s
-
ons
ez
ent
49
Q

apprendre imperfect conjugation

A 
j'apprenais
tu apprenais
il apprenait
nous apprenions
vous appreniez
ils apprenaient
50
Q

some verbs which take an indirect object pronoun

A 
téléphoner à	to phone
conseiller à	to advise
demander à	to ask
obéir à	to obey
permettre à	to allow
plaîre à	to please
répondre à	to answer
51
Q

how to form adverbs

A

To form the adverb (for example, slowly) start with the adjective:

slow = lent
make it feminine = lente (some adjectives do more than just an ‘e’ to make them feminine)
add ment so lentement = slowly

if it ends in a vowel just conjugate from the masc form adding -ment
Adjectives that end in ant or ent become amment/emment

52
Q

what is the position of adverbs

A

go after the verb they are describing
if it is in the passe composee it goes between the two verbs but if the adverb is long (5 or 6 syllables) it goes after the second verb
if it modifies the whole sentence goes at the either the beginning or the end

53
Q

better and the best adverbs

A

good = bon better (more good) = meilleur best ( most good) = le meilleur
Because these are adjectives, they become feminine and plural - bonne/meilleure/la meilleure, etc.
also
well = bien better (more well) = mieux best ( most well) = le mieux
Because these are adverbs, they never change - not even the ‘le’ in ‘le mieux’

54
Q

relatifs pronoms

A

qui, who/which the antecedent is the subject of the verb in the relative clause.
que Use que when the antecedent is the direct object of the verb in the relative clause:
, dont, use when j’ai besoin de + qqn/qqch, also whose and the way in which

ce qui,
ce que,
ce dont
that which (what) she wont tell me what happened

(relative clause eg. who is your friend)

55
Q

different types of clauses

A

I saw that girl = a main clause

who is your friend = relative clause

who = relative pronoun

girl = antecedent

56
Q

how to form the subjunctive

A 
take the ils / elles form of the present tense and remove the ent 
add these endings
e 
es
e
ions
iez
ent

use it when:
elements of uncertainty
when emotion colours the action of the verb
always with que

57
Q 
plaire 
pleuvoir 
pouvoir 
recevoir 
savoir
suivre
tenir
venir
vivre
vouloir
A 
pleuvoir plu
pouvoir pu
recevoir reçu
savoir su
suivre suivi
tenir tenu
venir venu
vivre vecu
vouloir voulu
58
Q

types of questions

A 
using rising intonation 
vous aimez la musique?
start qith est-ce que 
invert the pronoun and the verb
aimez-vous la musique?
59
Q

types of interrogatives

A 
quand when
ou where
comment how
combien how many 
pourquoi why 
qui who
quel (quelle quels quelles) which/what
lequel (lesquels, lequelle, lesquelles) which one?
que what
quoi what (emphatic)
60
Q

relative pronouns

A

used in a subordinate clause (clause followed by a conjunction and another phrase)

dont - whose or with a verb followed by de

ou - to refer to a location or following a conjunction/preposition in which dans/à/à cote de is used

ce dont / ce à quoi - refers to an abstract idea with no specific antecedent. Use at the beginning of a sentence

lequel / laquelle - needs to agree with preposition à or de.

61
Q

savoir / connaitre

A

savoir - facts and knowledge of certain specific things (through ability/acquiring of a skill) eg. je sais comment on joue le violin, je sais danser. In the passé composé to learn about something

savoir
saur - future
su - p.c
sus - passe simple

connaitre - people / concepts, to be familiar with 
connais 
connais
connait 
connaissons 
connaissez 
connaissent

connaitr - futur
connaiss - imp.
connu - p.c

62
Q

depuis que

A

since / because

talking about something true, use

depuis que j’habite avec mon petit copain, je sens plus heureuse

but when talking about something

63
Q

subordinating conjunctions

A 
depuis que - since
puisque - since
tandis que - while/whereas/when 
quand
lorsque - when
64
Q

subordinating conjunctions which take the subjunctive

A

quoique - whatever / no matter what
avant que - before
afin que - in order that/so that

Conjunctions expressing fear: de crainte que, de peur que (for fear that, lest)
conjunctions expressing intention: pour que, afin que, de sorte que (in order that, so that)
conjunctions expressing time: avant que (before), en attendant que (while waiting for), jusqu’à ce que (until)
conjunctions expressing obstacles
expressing a condition

bien que, quoique, pourvu que, jusqu’à ce que. – use the subjunctive even if the subject stays the same

65
Q

servir subj

A 
présent
que je/j'	serve
que tu	serves
qu'il, elle, on	serve
que nous	servions
que vous	serviez
qu'ils, elles	servent
66
Q

courir past participle

A

couru

to run

67
Q

plaire

A

plu

to please

68
Q

rire

A

ri

to laugh

69
Q

mettre

A

mis

to put

70
Q

venir

future stem

A

viendr

71
Q

tenir

future stem

A

tiendr

72
Q

courir future stem

A

courr

73
Q

savoir subj

A 
sache 
saches 
sache 
sachions 
sachiez 
sachent
74
Q

aller subj

A 
aille 
ailles 
aille 
aillions 
ailliez 
aillent
75
Q

avoir subj

A 
aie
aies 
ait 
ayons 
ayez 
ayent
76
Q

voir subjunctive

A 
voie 
voies 
voie 
voyions 
voyiez 
voient
77
Q

devoir

A

Je dois - i must
je devrait - i should
j’ai du - i had to / must have

78
Q

pouvoir

A

je peux - i can
j’ai pu - i did / managed to
je pourrais - i should

79
Q

the passive and the agent

A

object - verb - subject - par - agent

object - verb (aimer, connaitre, detester) - subject - de - agent

80
Q

ouvrir conjugation

A 
j'ouvre 
ouvres
ouvre 
ouvrons 
ouvrez
ouvrent

past participle: ouvert

81
Q

determiners - rules

A

une des personnes tristes
une de grandes personnes

eg. des + noun + adjective
de + adjective + noun

in the negative 
il y a encore du vin 
il n'y a pas de vin - don't agree the de
with etre elle n'est pas une belle personne
elles ne sont pas des belles personnes
82
Q

order of pronouns

A

before the conjugated verb
in the passé composé before both conjugated verbs
in infinitive constructions before the infinitive

83
Q

agreeing qui / que

A

que
if the second phrase is in the passé composé / or a compound tense, must be agreed:

elle est la seule fille QUE j’ai connue
(agrees with la seule fille, the subject)

qui only needs to be agreed with etre in passe composé

Adjective + past participle agree with the antecedent

when qui takes a preposition eg. avec qui, pour qui, must refer to a person . otherwise use lequel

84
Q

ways to avoid the passive

A

Use ‘on’
switch the object and the subject
use se .. eg. reflexive

85
Q 
prepositions 
pour 
pendant 
depuis 
il y a
A

pour - future (pour l’été)
pendant/durant - an action (past, present or future) within a clear time frame
depuis - since/from expressing an ongoing duration
il y a - for

86
Q

prepositions
dans
en

A

dans - future timing (dans dix minutes j’irai au parc),

en - length of time, (j’ai fait l’examen en dix minutes), month, season, en septembre, en hiver

87
Q

difference between
élève
étudiant
lycéen

A

élève - a pupil (up to 18)
étudiant - a student (over 18)
lycéen - sixth former

88
Q

among

A

parmi
entre
d’entre
chez

89
Q

around

A

vers
d’entre
autour de

90
Q

as

A

comme

en tant que

91
Q

at

A

à
en
par
chez

92
Q

by

A

de; par; à; avant; selon

93
Q

through

A

par; à travers; au travers de; par moyen de

94
Q

outside of

A

hors de

95
Q

when to use à

A 
to, at, in 
origin of something 
permanent possession 
use/purpose
accessory 
in an amount of time
96
Q

when to use de as a preposition

A

from/ of
a starting point
material belonging le livre de thomas
d’une manière

97
Q

boire conjugations
future
passe simple
subj

stems

A

boirai boira …

bus
bus
but
bûmes
bûtes
burent
boive 
boives 
boive 
buvions 
buviez 
boivent
98
Q

comprendre

subjunctive

A 
je/j'	comprenne
tu	comprennes
il, elle, comprenne
nous comprenions
vous compreniez
ils, elles comprennent
99
Q

either / or

A

ne…ni…ni

you do not need the article unless using le/la and talking about general things in a general statement

100
Q

using subjunctive with que/qui

A

in superlative phrases /seul/dernier/meilleur after the que

in antecedent phrases with the negative (eg. qui/que) and with a non-specific object. eg. je veux quelquechose qui ne soit pas chere

nous sommes les plus belles filles que je conaisse

il n’est pas que je ne t’aime pas

101
Q

craindre present tense and p.c

A 
je crains 
crains 
craint 
cragnons 
cragnez 
cragnent

j’ai craint

102
Q

comparatives / superlatives

+ with adverbs

A

la plus / le plus / les plus + adjective

plus adverbe que / moins adverb que / aussi adverb que

LE plus + adverb except pire and mieux where u don’t need plus

103
Q

faire past historic

A 
fis
fis
fit
fîmes
fîtes
firent
104
Q

mourir conjugation, present, past historic, future stem

A 
meurs 
meurs 
meurt 
mourons 
mourez 
mourent 
mourus
mourus
mourut
mourûmes
mourûtes
moururent

mourrai

je suis mort

105
Q

naitre conjugation, present, imparfait, past historic, future stem

A 
nais
nais 
nait 
naissons 
naissez
naissent 
nassais
nassais
nassait 
nassions 
nassiez 
nassaient 
naquis 
naquis
naquit 
naquimes 
naquites 
naquirent

naitr

106
Q

paraitre past simple conjugation

A 
parus
parus
parut
parûmes
parûtes
parurent
107
Q

sortir present tense

A 
sors 
sors 
sort
sortons 
sortez 
sortent
108
Q

inclure present, past, imp, future, past simple

A 
inclus 
inclus 
inclut 
incluons 
incluez 
incluent

j’ai inclus

incluais
incluais 
incluait 
incluions 
incluiez 
incluaient

inclur
en incluant

inclus 
inclus 
inclut 
inclumes 
inclutes 
inclurent
109
Q

prendre, present, past historic, subj.

A 
prends 
prends 
prend 
prenons 
prenez 
prennent 
je pris 
pris 
prit 
primes
prites 
prirent 
prenne 
prennes
prenne 
prenions 
preniez 
prenent
110
Q

recevoir subj

A 
recoive 
recoives
recoive 
recoivions 
recoviez
recoivent

recevr

111
Q

falloir future

A

faudr

112
Q

demonstrative pronouns

A

ce
cette
ces

113
Q

present participle regulars

A

etre - etant
avoir - ayant
savoir - sachant

114
Q

reported speech tenses

A

present - imperfect
passe composee - plus que parfait
future - conditional

with verbs or preference eg aimer/detester use si

115
Q

infinitive constructions

A

par + commencer, finir
in exclamatory phrases (no de needed) etre heureux! (to be happy)
ne pas, ne rien etc + infinitive, ne verb personne

A LEVEL FRENCH (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions