Grammar Flashcards
When is 기에 / 길래 used?
Used when the speaker has intentionally done something as a result of observing a situation
What can’t 기에/ 길래 be used with?
You can’t use the future tense , imperatives/commands
What’s the subjects of 길래/기에
Always I
What’s the difference between 길래 and 기에?
기에 is used in written form and 길래 is used in the spoken form
When is 만 해도 used? (2)
- It is used as an indicator ‘to cite one example among many’.
- can also be used to express a situation that is opposite to what was the case in the past
When 만 해도 is used to express a situation that is opposite to what was the case in the past, how is it changed?
Becomes 전만 해도
Can 만 해도 be used after particles?
Yes
How is 다가 보면 used?
If one does something over a period of time, then
interrupts [that action] and takes a look back at the process until that point in time [one discovers some result or emotion]
How is a sentence usually ended with 다가 보면?
을 수 있다, -게 될 것이다, - 겠-
How is 다(가) 보면 used in written form?
다가 보면
What tense(s) can’t come before 다가 보면?
Future and past
What tense(s) can’t come after 다가 보면?
Past
What does 는 김에 translate to?
‘while you’re at it’ or ‘since you’re already doing V’
In 는 김에, which action is the most important?
The first
How is 는 김에 and (으)면서 different?
Unlike
(으)면서, this structure suggests it is more convenient to do the second action because you are
already doing the first
How is 는 김에 conjugated in the past?
은 김에
What does (으)ㄹ 뻔하다 mean?
This expression indicates one’s relief that a past event almost happened but did not.
What form is 을 뻔하다 always used in?
(으)ㄹ 뻔했다
What grammar structure(s) is 을 뻔하다 usually used with?
았/었으면 and -았/었더라면
How do you exaggerate 을 뻔하다?
아/어서 죽을 뻔했다
How is 을까 하다 used?
It is used to describe the speaker’s vague intention or plan that can easily be changed.
In 을까 하다, what can 하다 be replaced with?
싶다
What tense(s) can 을까 하다 not be used with?
Future
What word type is 더니 attached to?
Verbs and adjectives
What does 더니 mean?
used when talking about fact learned through past experiences and a new fact that is now different
Who is 더니 about?
People other than yourself
When used with an action verb, what can 더니 show?
With actions Verbs it can indicate a previously known fact caused a result or certain circumstance
With 더니, do the subjects need to be different?
No, they have to be the same
How is 더니 used when talking about yourself?
았/었더니
What does 아/어내다 mean?
It is used to express that although a certain task/action is troublesome or difficult, one completes the action to the very end (or does all the way).
What does N만 못하다 mean?
It signifies that the first is inferior to the second in terms of level or degree.
What does 스럽다 mean?
Means having the feeling or quality of a noun
What type of word is 스럽다 usually used with?
Abstract nouns
What’s the difference between 답다 and 스럽다 (2)
- 답다 describes something with traits that are usually associated with the thing itself. 스럽다 is used to show contrast between the thing it describes and their actions.
- 답다 is usually added to concrete nouns, whereas 스럽다 is usually attached to abstract nouns
What does 답다 mean?
It’s attached to nouns to show something has the qualities usually expected of the noun(usually concrete)
What does 다/자/냐고요? Mean? (2)
-This pattern repeats and thereby queries (for confirmation/clarification), or even shows disagreement with, the words of the other person.
-It can also be used to restate what you have just said = I said that
When using 다고요, do you change honourifics when repeating what someone else said?
Yes
With 다고요, how do you show surprise?
다니요
What does 기러 결심하다 mean?
To make up one’s mind
What does 치고 mean?
Used to indicate that something is the exception to the rule
How can you emphasise 치고
는 or 서 can be used for emphasis
What does 치고 mean when used with a double negative?
It is also used to show that a characteristic of N is true in all cases without an exception. It must be supported by a double negative structure
What does 떡분에 mean?
N 덕분에 and (으)ㄴ 덕분애 is used to show the positive effect of an action or state.
What does 는 바람에 mean?
This is used when an event or situation in the first statement leads to a result in the following statement which is mostly negative.
What does (으)나 마나 mean?
indicates that doing the preceding action is of no value of use.
In other words, the result would be the same regardless of whether the action is performed.
What does V-(으)ㄴ/는 셈 치다 mean?
This is used when considering a certain state of affairs to be true when they haven’t occurred in reality (usually in unfortunate situations).
In English, a common way of expressing this grammar is “Let’s just say…”.
What does 는 사이에 mean?
While, during that time, when
What’s the difference between 는 사이에 and 는 동안?
는 동안 shows the entire period whilst 는 사이에 is a certain moment during the period of the time frame (I.e. someone moved house whilst you lived abroad
What can 사이에 shorten to?
새
What does 초자 show?
Extreme situations that the speaker didn’t expect or could not anticipate
What word type is 초자 used with?
Essential nouns
Should 초자 be used with positive or negative sentences?
Negative
Is 도 or 초자 more intense?
초자
What does (으)ㄹ걸요 mean?
A strong unconfirmed assumption or supposition based on the speakers background knowledge
Who is can you use (으)ㄹ걸요 with?
Close friends
What does (으)ㄴ/는 탓에 mean?
Used when the first statement is the cause or reason for the negative event that is specified in the following statement
What’s the difference between (으)ㄴ/는 탓에 and 보람?
Can be used with any type of clause (including expected), whereas 바람에 is only used with unexpected clauses
What does (으)ㄴ/는 셈이다 mean?
Used when a sentence, although not completely corresponding to a fact, is to the similar degree or same result considering the similar circumstances
I.e. it’s like it’s my hometown
What connector is (으)ㄴ/는 셈이다 used with
(으)니까
What does 을 수 밖에 없다 mean?
There is no choice but to do this - nothing outside of this possibility
What does 는 대로 (sequence) mean?
A following action is done immediately upon the occurrence of the proceeding action
What should you use instead of 는 대로 (sequence) in the past tense?
자마자
What does 대로 (action) mean?
This indicates that something is done exactly as stated, observed, or instructed. The action is carried out without any changes or variations from what was said or shown.
Can you use 대로 (action) with a negative in the first clause?
No
Can the subjects be different with 대로 (actions)
No
What does V(으)ㄹ 걸 (그렇다) mean?
Regretting missed or lost opportunities, ‘I should have’
What does 는 사이에 mean?
While, during that time, when
What’s the difference between 는 사이에 and 는 동안
는 동안 shows the entire period whilst 는 사이에 is a certain moment during the period of the time frame (I.e. someone moved house whilst you lived abroad
What can 는 사이에 abbreviate to?
사이 can abbreviate to 새
What does 조차 mean?
Extreme situations that the speaker didn’t expect or could not anticipate
Can you use 초자 with negative endings?
You have to use it with negative event
