grammar Flashcards

1
Q

present tense endings for -ar verbs

A

o,as,a,amos,an

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2
Q

present tense endings for -er verbs

A

o,es,e,emos,en

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3
Q

present tense endings for -ir verbs

A

o,es,e,imos,en

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4
Q

what is the present tense used for

A

to express actions or situations going on in the present, general truths, habitual actions, actions that will take place in the near future

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5
Q

pensar (present tense stem change)

A

e to ie

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6
Q

jugar (present tense stem change)

A

u to ue

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7
Q

incluir,construir, destruir,influir

A

add a y before the personal ending (ex: incluyo, incluyes) not for nosotros

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8
Q

poder( present tense stem change)

A

o to ue

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9
Q

pedir (present tense stem change)

A

e to i

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10
Q

yo caer (present)

A

caigo

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11
Q

yo distinguir (present) (to distinguish)

A

distingo

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12
Q

yo hacer (present)

A

hago

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13
Q

yo poner (present)

A

pongo

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14
Q

yo salir (present)

A

salgo

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15
Q

yo traer (present)

A

traigo

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16
Q

yo valer (present) (to be worth)

A

valgo

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17
Q

yo conducir (present)

A

conduzco, i drive

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18
Q

yo conocer (present)

A

conozco, i know

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19
Q

yo crecer (present)

A

crezco, i grow

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20
Q

yo obedecer (present)

A

obedezco, i obey

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21
Q

yo parecer (present)

A

parezco, i seem

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22
Q

yo producir (present)

A

produzco, i produce

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23
Q

yo traducir (present)

A

traduzco, i translate

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24
Q

decir present conjugation

A

digo, dices, dice, decimos, dicen

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25
dar present conjugation
doy, das, da, damos, dan
26
estar present tense
estoy, estás, está, estamos, están
27
ir present tense
voy, vas, va, vamos, van
28
oír present tense
oigo, oyes, oye, oímos, oyen
29
ser present tense
soy,eres, es, somos, son
30
tener present tense
tengo,tienes,tiene, tenemos, tienen
31
venir present tense
vengo, vienes, viene, venimos, vienen
32
yo dirigir
dirijo, to direct
33
yo escoger
yo escojo, to choose
34
yo exigir
yo exijo, to demand
35
yo proteger
yo protejo, to protect
36
yo caber
yo cuepo, to fit
37
yo saber
yo sé
38
yo ver
yo veo
39
verbs with prefixes follow...
the same pattern as their parent verb (without the prefix) - reconocer (to recognize): yo reconozco
40
deshacer
to undo
41
rehacer
to redo
42
aparecer
to appear
43
desaparecer
to disppear
44
componer
to make up
45
oponer
to oppose
46
proponer
to propose
47
suponer
to suppose
47
atraer
to attract
48
distraer
to distract
48
contraer
to contract
49
ser or estar: nationality and place of origin
ser
50
ser or estar: profession and occupation
ser
51
ser or estar: location/spatial relationships
estar
52
ser or estar: health
estar
53
ser or estar: physical states and conditions
estar
54
ser or estar: emotional states
estar
55
ser or estar: characteristics of nouns
ser
56
ser or estar: generalizations
ser
57
ser or estar: ser or estar:
ser
58
ser or estar: certain weather expressions
estar
59
ser or estar: ongoing actions (progressive tense)
estar
60
ser or estar: results of actions (past participles)
estar
61
ser or estar: material of composition
ser
62
ser or estar: date, time, season
ser
63
ser or estar: where or when an event takes place
ser
64
sometimes either ser and estar can be used
ex) he is tall (ser), he is getting tall (estar)
65
ser is used to describe
inherent, expected qualities
66
estar is used to describe
temporary or variable qualities, a change in appearance or condition
67
what is used with muerto/a (dead)
estar
68
different meaning ser/estar: abburido/a
ser: is boring estar: is bored
69
different meaning ser/estar: listo/a
ser: smart estar: ready
70
different meaning ser/estar: rico/a
ser: rich estar: delicious
71
different meaning ser/estar: malo/a
ser:bad estar: ill
72
different meaning ser/estar: seguro/a
ser: safe estar: sure
73
different meaning ser/estar: verde
ser: green estar: ripe
74
different meaning ser/estar: vivo/a
ser: sharp estar: living
75
different meaning ser/estar: libre
ser: free estar: available
76
gustar
to please
77
gustar verbs are preceded by
an IOP indicating "who is pleased"
78
gustar verbs are followed by
noun indicating what does the pleasing
79
gustar agrees with
person and number
80
what form of gustar verbs are used when it is followed by a infinitive
singular
81
conditional of gustar (gustaría) is used to
soften requests
82
IOPs (used with gustar verbs)
me, te, le, nos, les
83
faltar expresses
what someone or something lacks
84
quedar expresses
what someone or something has left, or how clothing fits or looks
85
"a" in front is used to an "a" or preposition means that the verb should be left
emphasize who is pleased, bothered, etc as an infinitive
86
prepositional pronouns
mí, ti, rest are normal (él, ellos etc)
87
gustar verb: to bore
aburrir
88
gustar verb: to get along with
caer bien/mal
89
gustar verb: to upset
disgustar
90
gustar verb: to like very much
encantar
90
gustar verb: to hurt
doler (o to ue)
91
gustar verb: to lack/need
faltar
92
gustar verb: to fascinate
fascinar
93
gustar verb: to miss/need
hacer falta
94
gustar verb: to be important
importar
95
gustar verb: to interest /be interesting to
interesar
96
gustar verb: to bother/annoy
molestar
97
gustar verb: to worry
preocupar
98
gustar verb: to be left over/fit (clothing)
quedar
99
gustar verb: to surprise
sorprender
100
conocer
to be familiar or acquainted with
101
saber
to know: facts, information, or how to do something
102
tener imperfect/preterite
had/recieved