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Japanese - BSU Chapter 1 to 7 > Grammar > Flashcards

Grammar Flashcards

1
Q

this book

A

kono hon この本

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2
Q

that magazine (over there)

A

ano zasshi あの雑誌

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3
Q

that bag

A

sono kaban

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4
Q

What is a particle?

A

a marker that identifies what role a word or phrase plays within the sentence

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5
Q

What is the “wa” particle used for?

A

tells us that the word/phrase before it is the topic of the sentence

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6
Q

Where does the topic of the sentence usually appear?

A

near the beginning of the sentence

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7
Q

What is a “topic” of a sentence?

A

The thing that is being talked about in the sentence

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8
Q

In other languages, what’s the equivalent of the topic of a Japanese sentence?

A

the subject

(basically another word for topic)

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9
Q

Where does the main verb go in a sentence?

A

at the end of the sentence

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10
Q

The last thing immediately before “desu” should be either (2)

A

a noun or an adjective

(car, red, blue, beautiful, grass, house, book)

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11
Q

For ending verbs, other than “desu” what does everything in the (other information) section need?

A

it needs to be accompanied by a particle

[topic] wa … (other information) … [verb]

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12
Q

What is the central verb, in both Japanese and English?

A

the main verb

Taro “saw” Noriko

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13
Q

What role does “wo” play in a sentence?

A

it tells us to whom/what the action was done to and is the object

pronounced as “o”

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14
Q

Particles describe words that are in front or before the particle?

A

describes words before the particle

“Taro wa”
“Noriko wo mimashita”

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15
Q

What’s the difference in terms of word order for English and Japanese?

A

English: SVO. Rely on word order to understand sentences.
Japanese: SOV, but word order isn’t important because they use particles.

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16
Q

What does a dash – mean when used with katakana?

A

it indicates the length of the preceding letter (double the letter preceding)

エーアイ (e-ai also same as eeai)

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17
Q

What’s the difference between a voiced vowel and a long vowel?

A

A voiced vowel changes sound with the special 2 vertical lines mark (sa -> za)
A long vowel has a long vowel sound when there is a dash チーター (chiitaa)

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18
Q

What is the role of the small “tsu”? ッ

A

Not pronounced, insert a pause, and then double the letter in front

example:
ポテトチップ
poteto chippu

(Katakana)

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19
Q

How do you make hiragana voiced?

A

You add 2 short straight lines in the top right corner of it (special marks - dakuten) to change the sound and the result is called a voiced hiragana

か ka

が ga

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20
Q

What is dakuten?

A

The 2 short straight lines (special marks) added to the top right corner of hiragana to change the sound and make it voiced (quotation marks)

き ki

ぎ gi

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21
Q

A voiced け ke turns into?

A

げ ge

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22
Q

A voiced く ku turns into?

A

ぐ gu

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23
Q

A voiced し shi turns into?

A

じ ji

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24
Q

Which voiced versions of hiragana are used in most words for “ji” and “zu”?

A

じ (ji)　ず (zu) - used in most words

ぢ (ji)　づ (zu) - used in only a few words

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25
Q

What is handakuten? Which hiragana is it added to?

A

A small circle that can be added to hiragana “ha” row in addition to dakuten (2 straight lines) that changes the sound to a “p”

26
Q

What hiragana can handakuten be added to?

A

the “ha” hiragana row ONLY

27
Q

Why are long vowels important?

A

The sounds change the meaning of the word

おばさん (obasan) - middle-aged woman; aunt

おばあさん (obaasan) - grandmother

28
Q

What are the 3 vowels that can make any hiragana ending in them become long?

A
  1. a あ
  2. i い
  3. u う

Okaasan (mother)
Oniisan (older brother)
Kuuki (air)

29
Q

What vowel makes hiragana ending in “e” long? What vowel makes any hiragana ending in “o” become long? (2)

A
  1. i い makes ending “e” become long
    がくせい (gakusei) - student
  2. u う makes ending “o” become long
    ここ (koko) - here

こうこう (koukou) - high school

30
Q

What is the only time that we pronounce は differently?

A

When we use it to spell out the subject particle “wa” so it’s pronounced as wa

ex.
Watashi wa gakusei desu
わたし＊は＊がくせいです

31
Q

How do you make hiragana consonants long?

A

a small tsu (not pronounced) っ

いつか - itsuka

いっか - ikka

32
Q

How do you pronounce a long consonant?

A

insert a brief pause before pronouncing the long consonant

きて ください (kite kudasai) - Please come.

きって ください (kitte kudasai) - Please cut. (Ki-pause-te kudasai)

33
Q

Does a small tsu change the meaning of the word?

A

Yes

いて ください。(ite kudasai) - Please stay.

いって ください。(itte kudasai) - Please go.

34
Q

To make “n” consonants long, we can’t use a small tsu. What do we have to use instead?

A

ん (n)

✅ correct: さんねん (sannen) - three years
❌ incorrect: さっねん

35
Q

What 3 letters are used to create a blended sound (one sound)? [Hiragana]

A

small forms of や (ya), ゆ (yu), or よ (yo

36
Q

What is a blended sound?

A

Small versions of ya, yu, or yo that blend with the previous hiragana to create one sound

きや (kiya)

きゃ (kya)

37
Q

For blended sounds, we can only combine the 3 hiragana letters with letters that end with what sound?

A

“i”

38
Q

What are the 11 hiragana letters that can be made into a blended sound?

A
  1. ki
  2. gi
  3. shi
  4. ji
  5. chi
  6. ni
  7. mi
  8. hi
  9. bi
  10. pi
  11. ri
39
Q

What do you add to a country name to say a nationality?

A

jin じん

40
Q

What do you add to a country name to name a language?

A

go ご

41
Q

「」is the…?

A

「」is the single quotation mark in Japanese.

42
Q

In Japanese, what do you put at the end of each sentence?

A

In Japanese, a full stop is a little circle (。) and we put it at the end of each sentence.

43
Q

When は comes after the subject of a sentence, we pronounce it as?

A

wa

44
Q

In Japanese, in what order do you say their name?

A

say a person’s family name before their given name

たかはし あきら (Takahashi Akira)

45
Q

When can we omit “watashi wa” or “boku wa”?

A

When the subject of the sentence is clear

とうきょう が すき です。
“I like Tokyo”

46
Q

How do you turn “watashi/I” into “my”?

A

watashi no

よしさんはわたしのともだちです。/ Yoshi-san wa watashi no tomodachi desu.

よしさんは私の友達です。

47
Q

The particle の connects what in a sentence?

A

の is used to connect 2 nouns

(additional noun) の (main noun)

ちゅうごくじんのともだち / chuugokujin no tomodachi (Chinese friend)

48
Q

What’s the difference between the main noun and the additional noun?

A

Main noun - something we are describing
Additional noun - extra information about the main noun

にほんごのせんせい / nihongo no sensei (Japanese teacher)

49
Q

What are the 2 uses for the particle の as of Chapter 8?

A
  1. boku no, ore no, watashi no = my
  2. (additional noun) の (main noun) = connects 2 nouns, additional info
50
Q

How many additional nouns can you have when using the の particle?

A

Doesn’t matter as long as the main noun is the last noun

ぼくのにほんごのせんせい / boku no nihongo no sensei (my Japanese teacher)
わたしのともだちのなまえ / watashi no tomodachi no namae (my friend’s name)

51
Q

What do we add after a name to be polite?

A

san

(san itself has no translation, never added to our own names)

52
Q

How to do you form a negative sentence? Make the sentence:
I am not a student

A

Watashi wa gakusei janai desu

53
Q

(Informal) speaker has a soft masculine personality

(mildly masculine)

A

boku

54
Q

(informal) speaker conveys a strong masculine personality

A

ore

55
Q

Speaker can use this word in semi-formal and casual contexts to refer to self

A

boku (meeting new friends)

On a date -> ore (casual)

56
Q

When talking to friends or someone younger than us, what do we a dd to their names instead of “san” for males/females?

A
  1. kun to male names
  2. chan to female names
57
Q

What particle do we use at the end of a sentence to show or ask for agreement?

A

ね (ne)

58
Q

What do we use to indicate politeness?

A

です (desu)

59
Q

What construction do we use to offer something?

A

To offer something, we use the construction:
subject + wa + dou + desu + ka.

Sushi wa dou desu ka.

How about tea?
60
Q

What’s the difference between を (o) and お (o)?

A

を (o) is ONLY used as an object marker
お (o) for all other words with an “o”.

Japanese - BSU Chapter 1 to 7 (15 decks)

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