Grammar Flashcards
Noun
Person/place/thing Ex: poop
Abstract noun
An Idea, something without physical presence Ex: belief, contradictions
Concrete noun
Person/place/thing with a physical presence
Collective
plural noun without an “S” Ex: Flock, team, assembly
Compound
2 nouns spliced together to create a new noun Ex: Mailman
Common vs Proper nouns
Common - general things (Ex: city, mountain)
Proper - Named things (Ex: Chicago, Mt. Everest)
Personal pronouns
We, You
Demonstrative pronouns
Objects starting with “th” - this, that, those, these
Interrogative pronouns
questions beginning with “wh” - who, whose, what, whom
Reflexive vs Intensive pronoun
personal pronoun + “self” - yourself, himself, themselves
-reflexive needs the pronoun to work (ex. I write a reminder to myself)
-Intensive is using the personal pronoun for dramatic purposes (ex. I myself told you)
indefinite pronoun
undefined amount - all, any, everybody, anything, enough
relative pronoun
pronoun used to introduce a relative clause - same word list as interrogative (don’t use what, use that) - ex. Mary, who is mayor, is my cousin
Verbal
not a verb (but looks like one)
Gerund
a type of verbal - verb + “ing”
to make noun - “Smoking is bad for you”
Participial
verb + “ing” or “ed” to make adjective - “I love baked cookies.” OR if phrase, “Baking for over 40 mins, the cookies were burnt.”
Infinitive
“to” + verb in base form to make preposition - “To leave”, “To know”, “To leave home early isn’t allowed.”
Appositive
noun as adjective
Prepositional phrases
provide time or location to an action - “I hope I finish my chores before dark.”
Definite vs indefinite articles
Definite - “The”
Indefinite - “A”/”An”
Coordinating Conjunctions
Connections in balance - ex. I like you but you smell (the positive and negative are equally important to know). - The coordinating conjunctions are but, nor, or, and
Subordinate Connections
Connections which connect different levels of importance - ex. “If you fail history, you’re going to get grounded” (“If you fail history” is subordinate to “you’re going to get grounded” because “If you fail history” does not make sense on its own without the other sentence)
Correlative conjunctions
using coordinating pairs - ex: The company deals in both hardware and software. I will eat either carrots or peas for dinner.
