Finally

Question 1

Meiosis

Answer 1

A deliberate, euphemistic understatement used to insult, avoid, or add humor. e.g. Mabel is a social ambassador of Emotopia.

Question 2

Allegorical Imagery

Answer 2

When the subject of the artwork, or the various elements that form the composition, is used to symbolize a deeper moral or spiritual meaning.

e.g. The spilled wine in the dirt outside of the DeFarge’s wine shop representing spilled blood

Question 3

Allusion

Answer 3

An indirect reference
e.g. I like Super Mario Bros, but level two is my kryptonite.

Question 4

Reversal and Recognition

Answer 4

Sydney Carton reverses his life of meaningless exploits when he recognizes his meaning can be found in saving the Darnay family.

Question 5

Leitmotif

Answer 5

A recurrent theme throughout a literary composition, associated with a particular person, idea, or situation.

e.g. darkness to light in ATTC

Question 6

Verbal Irony

Answer 6

Verbal irony is when what is said is the opposite of the literal meaning.
e.g. Tom loses his quarter in a vending machine and shouts, “it’s my lucky day!”

Question 7

Sarcasm

Answer 7

Sarcasm is the use of irony in order to mock or convey contempt toward a person or subject.

e.g. Mary doesn’t do any chores so her roommate Jenny has to do all the work. Jenny gives Mary a thank you card for being so helpful.

Question 8

Irony

Answer 8

Irony is a literary device that contrasts expectations and reality.
Dramatic irony - when the audience knowns something the character does not.
Situational irony - when the expected outcome is subverted. e.g. Doctor Manette’s unintentional condemnation of Darnay is an example of situational irony. The words Manette wrote about Darnay’s ancestors while he was in prison are read to the court: I believe that the mark of the red cross is fatal to them, and that they have no part in His mercies.

Question 9

La Carmagnole

Answer 9

A song created and made popular during the French Revolution. It had an accompanying dance also called La Carmagnole.

Question 10

Three Estates (France)

Answer 10

The three estates were the different classes in France at the time of the revolution, each representing a particular segment of society. The first estate was the clergy; the second estate, the nobility, and the third estate the commoners.

Question 11

The Bastille

Answer 11

a fortress in Paris used as a prison by the nobles and royals of France

Question 12

Direct Characterization

Answer 12

When an author describes a character in a straightforward manner, e.g. Jimmy was a fat, angry boy.

Question 13

Indirect Characterization

Answer 13

Indirect characterization is a type of literary device that reveals details about a character without stating them explicitly. e.g. Jimmy had to inject insulin after stealing Susan’s donuts and punching her in the face.

Question 14

Theme

Answer 14

A central topic, subject, or message within a narrative. e.g. Tale of Two Cities has themes self-sacrifice, love, resurrection, and death

Question 15

Tone

Answer 15

The tone of a piece of writing is its general character or attitude - e.g. ATTC has a tone that is satrical, cautionary, and sometimes mournful.

Question 16

The Vengeance

Answer 16

A companion of Madame Defarge referred to as her “shadow” and lieutenant, a member of the sisterhood of women revolutionaries in Saint Antoine, and Revolutionary zealot

Question 17

John Barsad

Answer 17

John Barsad is actually Solomon Pross. He is the brother of Miss Pross, who has worked as the governess for Lucy Manette since Lucy was just ten years old. As Barsard, her brother testified against Charles Darnay when he was on trial in England as a French spy.

Question 18

MLA Style

Answer 18

MLA Style specifies guidelines for formatting manuscripts and citing research in writing. MLA Style also provides writers with a system for referencing their sources through parenthetical citation in their essays and Works Cited pages.

Question 19

MLA Works Citied

Answer 19

According to MLA style, you must have a Works Cited page at the end of your research paper. All entries in the Works Cited page must correspond to the works cited in your main text.

Question 20

Dystopia

Answer 20

A world where nothing is perfect. Most authors of dystopian fiction explore at least one reason why things are that way, often as an analogy for similar issues in the real world.

Question 21

Utopia

Answer 21

A world where everything is perfect

Question 22

Mono No Aware

Answer 22

Mono’ means ‘thing’ or ‘things’; ‘aware’ means ‘feeling’ or sentiment, and the particle ‘no’ indicates something an object possesses. So mono no aware signifies the deep feeling or pathos of things, the powerful emotions that objects can evoke or instil in us.

Question 23

Harrison Bergeron

Answer 23

“Harrison Bergeron” is a satirical dystopian science-fiction short story by American writer Kurt Vonnegut, first published in October 1961.

Question 24

Syntax

Answer 24

Syntax refers to word order, tense, subject-verb agreement and even sentence length. The way words are put together in a sentence affect the tone and meaning of a piece of writing.

Full fathom five thy father lies;

Of his bones are coral made;

Those are pearls that were his eyes:

Nothing of him that doth fade,

But doth suffer a sea-change

Into something rich and strange.

Sea-nymphs hourly ring his knell:

Ding-dong.

Hark! now I hear them,—ding-dong, bell.

Question 25

Diction

Answer 25

Diction refers to the linguistic choices a writer makes to effectively convey an idea, a point of view, or tell a story.
e.g. Jerry Cruncher

Question 26

Marquis St. Evrémonde

Answer 26

The Marquis St. Evrémonde is a French nobleman whose cruel and heartless treatment of the townspeople makes him a quintessential symbol of the Revolution’s aristocratic enemies. Unlike his nephew, Charles Darnay, the Marquis proudly declares his superiority over others, flaunts his extravagant lifestyle, and has no regard for the consequences of his actions.

Question 27

Imagery

Answer 27

Imagery is a literary device used in poetry, novels, and other writing that uses vivid description that appeals to a readers’ senses to create an image or idea in their head. Through language, imagery does not only paint a picture, but aims to portray the sensational and emotional experience within text.

Question 28

Concrete vs. Abstract Nouns

Answer 28

Concrete nouns are physical things that can be seen, touched, heard, etc.; abstract nouns are nonphysical ideas that cannot be perceived through the senses.

e.g. An apple vs. justice

Question 29

Collective nouns

Answer 29

Nouns that denote a group - e.g. Family, crew

Question 30

Proper vs. Common Nouns

Answer 30

Emeric Janzen vs. human

Question 31

Compound Nouns

Answer 31

A compound noun is defined as ‘a noun that is made up of two or more different words, for example, “cake shop”, “French fries”, “high-flyer”, or “schoolteacher”.

Question 32

Indefinite Pronoun

Answer 32

Indefinite Pronouns

We use indefinite pronouns when a noun isn’t specific. Singular indefinite pronouns (anybody, anyone, anything, each, everybody, everyone, everything, little, much, nobody, no one, nothing, one, somebody, someone, something) function as singular pronouns with singular verbs.

Everything looks just right.
No one is helping.
Each brings a gift.

Plural indefinite pronouns (both, few, many, several) function as plural nouns.

Both look just right.
Many are helping.
Few bring a gift.

Question 33

Personal Pronoun

Answer 33

A personal pronoun is a short word we use as a simple substitute for the proper name of a person. e.g. They, me, her, him

Question 34

Demonstrative Pronoun

Answer 34

A demonstrative pronoun is a word used to stand in for a noun. They are used to point to something or someone specific (e.g., “this is my sister”). The English demonstrative pronouns are this, that, these, and those.

Question 35

Relative Pronoun

Answer 35

A relative pronoun is a pronoun used to introduce a relative clause—a clause that gives further information about the preceding noun or noun phrase (e.g., “the ball that I threw”). The most commonly used relative pronouns in English are which, that, who, and whom.

Question 36

Interrogative Pronoun

Answer 36

An interrogative pronoun is a pronoun which is used to make asking questions easy. There are just five interrogative pronouns. Each one is used to ask a very specific question or indirect question.

What do you want for dinner?
Who was driving your car?
Whom did you speak to?

Question 37

Reflexive vs. Intensive pronouns

Answer 37

Reflexive pronouns are pronouns that are used in the object position when the subject and object of the sentence are the same - e.g. He hurt himself while dancing.

Intensive pronouns are used to add emphasis - e.g. We went to hear the man himself speak at school.

Question 38

Colons vs. semicolons

Answer 38

A colon (:) is used to introduce information set up by the previous clause. It’s typically used before a list, example, or explanation. A semicolon (;) is used to join related independent clauses together in the same sentence without a conjunction.

e.g. There are three games worth playing this year: Dance Machine, Pepsi Pooper, and Dr. Mario.

e.g. My favorite meal is cheese and chicken; these foods remind me of Breath of the Wild.

Question 39

Paranthetical Phrases

Answer 39

Parenthetical phrases, also known simply as parentheticals, can be a great way to add flow and concision to an essay. In essence, a parenthetical is just a phrase that is not essential to the rest of the sentence. However, just because it isn’t essential does not mean that it isn’t important. When used correctly, a parenthetical can add crucial new information to a sentence without disrupting the flow.

Lady Gaga (born Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta) is an international pop star.

Question 40

Parallel Structure

Answer 40

Parallel structure creates a common gramatical pattern thoroughout a sentence.

e.g. Not Parallel: My professor told me that I needed to write a paper by Friday, I should study for my quiz on Tuesday, and to do my homework.

Parallel: My professor told me that I needed to write a paper by Friday, study for my quiz on Tuesday, and do my homework.

Question 41

Active vs. passive voice

Answer 41

When a sentence is written in the active voice, the subject performs the action; in the passive voice, the subject receives the action.

e.g. We took Emeric to the nail salon. vs. Emeric was taken to the nail salon.
Emeric remembers his English flashcards vs. The English Flashcards are remembered.

Question 42

Coordinating vs. Subordinating Conjuctions

Answer 42

Coordinating conjuctions join two or more independent clauses but subordinating conjuctions joint a main clause to a dependent (subordinate) clause.

Coordinating - James wanted a piece of cake, but he was on a diet.
Subordinating - James wanted a piece of cake because he missed sugar.

Question 43

FANBOYS - an acronym for coordinating conjuctions

Answer 43

For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So

Question 44

Main clauses vs. subordinate clauses

Answer 44

Main (or independent) clauses can form sentences on their own. They aren’t dependent on other clauses. They are always finite (they must contain a verb which shows tense). Subordinate (or dependent) clauses cannot form sentences on their own.

e.g. The mailman, who was delivering the mail, waved at me. The main clause is ‘The mailman waved at me’ and the subordinate clause is ‘who was delivering the mail.’ The subordinate clause does not express a complete thought, but when attached to the main clause, it gives us more information about the mailman and what he was doing when he waved.

Question 45

Verbals

Answer 45

Verbals are verbs that act as parts of speech

Question 46

Gerund

Answer 46

A verb ending in “ing” that functions as a noun - e.g. Jim lost the court filing.

Question 47

Infinitive

Answer 47

An infinitive is a verbal that includes “to” and a present-tense verb. In the sentence “Now is the best time to start,” the infinitive is to start. Infinitives can function as adjectives, adverbs or nouns in a sentence.

e.g. IR - to go

Question 48

Participle

Answer 48

A participle is a verbal that functions as an adjective. Like all adjectives, you’ll either find participles right before the noun they modify, or you’ll find them functioning as predicate adjectives after a linking verb. There are two kinds of participles: present participles (ending in -ing) and past participles (ending in -ed or -en).

e.g. This movie makes me feel depressed.

Question 49

Participial Phrase

Answer 49

Adding modifiers to a participle results in a participial phrase. These verbal phrases act as adjectives to describe nouns in the sentence. You can put participial phrases at the beginning or end of a sentence.

Depressed from the movie, I decided to watch something else.

Question 50

Verbal phrases

Answer 50

Verbal phrases include verbals and their modifiers.

e.g. Cooking dinner helps me relax after a long day (gerund phrase)
I travelled to Oregon to visit my cousins (infinitive phrase)
Tyler, smelling as usual, farted when he sat down next to me (participial phrase)

Question 51

Helping Verb

Answer 51

A helping verb helps the main verb in the sentence

e.g. I must pay the mortgage. I would not pay if it if I could. The bank might foreclose if I don’t pay it. The bank did foreclose the last time I didn’t pay my mortgage on time.

Question 52

Perfect Tense

Answer 52

Perfect verb tense is used to show an action that is complete and finished, or perfected. This tense is expressed by adding one of the auxiliary verbs — have, has, or had — to the past participle form of the main verb.
e.g. I had walked (past perfect)
e.g. I have walked (present perfect)

Question 53

Progessive Tense

Answer 53

Progressive verb tense, also known as the continuous tense, includes a “to be” verb such as “is,” “was,” or “will be.” Progressive verbs describe continuous actions instead of a single instantaneous action.
e.g. I was walking to the store (past progressive)
e.g. I am walking to the store (present progressive)

Question 54

Emphatic tense

Answer 54

Emphatic verb tense is a form that emphasizes verbs and makes them more forceful. It is achieved by adding an auxiliary verb before the main verb. Emphatic verb tense is mainly applicable in the past tense or present tense. We add “do” or “does” to the verb’s basic present tense to get the present emphatic tense.
e.g. Don’t touch the baby’s eyeball!

Question 55

Past vs. present tense

Answer 55

Past tense is used to show actions that have happened.
Present tense is used to show actions that are happening.

Question 56

Helping vs. main verb

Answer 56

I would not touch that spikey beach ball if I was you.

Question 57

Chris Hedges

Answer 57

Christopher Lynn Hedges is an American journalist, author, commentator and Presbyterian minister.

Question 58

Thomas Sowell

Answer 58

Thomas Sowell is an American economist, social philosopher, and political commentator.