Grammar Flashcards
Simple Present (is/are) –> Present Perfect (has/have been)
Do it ONLY when absolutely necessary
“for doing so”
“for doing this”
“European Union member or not”
“whether European Union members or not”
even (word order)
Be careful with “even”. i.e. “to even obtaining ones….” X Usually “even” is after verb or auxiliary verb / Use “It may even be the case…”
public Spanish vaults
Spanish public vaults
in their visit
during their visit
as well
Don’t overuse it! Use it only when necessary. Otherwise, use “and”, if possible. Also: “in addition to”, “along with”
Experencia muestra…
Experience shows…
in their endeavour in attracting
in their endeavour to attract
Ni con…ni….ni
cannot compete either in terms of the…or…or ,,
making a mistake aiming at the City
making a mistake by aiming at the City
Products and services that the United Kingdom sells to the exterior
THE products and services that the United Kingdom sells to the exterior
lists with no “and”
ADD “AND”
as much as in…..as…..as….
as much in…..as in…..as in….
o (in inclusive lists)
should be “and” instead of “or” (TIP: is it an option? Then “o”. This OR this.)
should redirect its efforts in profiting from the advantages
should redirect its efforts from profiting from the advantages (because it is “away from”..)
gracias a Abengoa, podrían considerar que
….they might consider/conclude… (NOT “could”)
devorado por ansiedad / consumed by anxiety
consumed WITH anxiety
the Aguilar house
the Aguilars’ house
en aquel momento
at that time (NOT “in that very moment”)
en el momento
at the time
His aspect inextricably blended the air of a Spanish aristocrat (ashamed of being one) with one of an ancient warrior from East Asia
His aspect inextricably blended the air of a Spanish aristocrat (ashamed of being one) and that of an ancient warrior from East Asia
invitaba a que un observador
might have led an observer to (NOT: would invite an unsuspecting observer to)
cordialísimo / so very cordial
embellishment, use convivial (or other stronger adjective for “cordial”
The problem is that if I, when trying to save my interview, asked him….
KEEP IT CONSISTENT with grammar in sentence even if different in Spanish: The problem was that if I, when trying to save my interview, asked him….
The problem was that if I, trying to save my interview, asked him….
The problem was that if I, when trying to save my interview, asked him….
Ferlosio told me the story that held me in suspense for the last two years
Ferlosio told me the story that has held me in suspense for the last two years
I don’t remember who brought up the name Rafael Sánchez Mazas, nor how.
I don’t remember…, OR how. (Neither…nor / Not….or)
I currently am
I am currently
this last entity
the latter entity
move in such a way that counters the ocean’s movements
move in such a way AS TO counter the ocean’s movements
as much as in their structure as in their functional role.
as much X in their structure as in their functional role
their body is
their bodies are
Placement of adverbs at beginning
Just put it before the verb (or after if auxiliary or “be”), NOT at the very beginning!
mixing “the” and their” in same sentence
Stick to ONE! (and proofread outside of brackets separately)
prey, which are
prey, which is (uncountable noun = singular)
their density is very low in relation with that of the water
their density is very low in relation to that of the water
enough oxygen that permits them to release energy
enough oxygen to enable them to release energy
abstention of
abstention from
that allows for their interpretatio
that allows their interpretation
ALLOW FOR (when to use)
If you allow for certain problems or expenses, you include some extra time or money in your planning so that you can deal with them if they occur. (ex. You have to allow for a certain amount of error. / The budget simply could not allow for such an increase.)
providing people the necessary income
providing people with the necessary income (provide + person/thing +with + something)
categories of experience imposed on by the latent functions of employment
categories of experience imposed by the latent functions of employment (impose something ON something)
considered as one of
considered one of
to go beyond….to
to go beyond + V-ing . . . to + V-ing
definitely has not shown
has definitely not shown (adverbs between HAVE and PP)
“at present” together with a present perfect tense
DO NOT DO THIS!
la investigación ha demostrado que el desempleo no sólo está asociado a, sino que es causa de un deterioro significativo de la salud mental de quienes lo experimentan.
the research has shown that, beyond being associated with the deterioration of mental health, it is at the root of that deterioration of the people who experience it. (beyond X, X is…)
it has demonstrated that unemployment is not just associated with, but is also the cause of significant mental health deterioration in those who have experienced it.
it has demonstrated that unemployment is not just associated with, but is also the cause of, significant mental health deterioration in those who have experienced it.
knowledge about Canadian society
knowledge of Canadian society
Subject-object agreement (singular/plural nouns)
ALWAYS double check complicated sentences
since
Do CTRL + F to see if I hadn’t left out the present perfect by accident
strategy + preposition
strategy for
ADVERB PLACEMENT
(Adverbs right before verbs, BUT right after all auxiliary verbs and the verb “be”)
a crime about corruption
a crime concerning corruption
now it is possible
it is now possible (like with adverb placement”be”)
would love being
would love to be
inappropriate of a writer
inappropriate for a writer
lately (placement and commas)
ONLY at beginning (with or without comma) and at end
Nothing bad will happen [by being included on the list]
Nothing bad will happen [if a site is included on the list]
paid by the country
paid for by
journalists that blend into a crowd of more than 2,000 tourists
journalists that blend into the crowd of more than 2,000 tourists
The kings of Spain, the millionaire Bill Gates, the actresses Cameron Diaz and Susan Sarandon and the singer Olivia Newton-John
The kings of Spain, millionaire Bill Gates, actresses Cameron Diaz and Susan Sarandon and singer Olivia Newton-John (NO “the” in front of professions)
sites (both natural and archaeological) the country has to offer
natural and archaeological sites the country has to offer
organisations - singular or plural?
singular ONLY! always
fire (employment)
sack
to lose your job because the company no longer needs you
to be made redundant
adverbs with -ly - with hyphen or not?
NOT hyphen
Si se adoptARAN políticas…
If policies WERE adopted…. (subjunctive Spanish -ara)
