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CertTrans > Grammar > Flashcards

Grammar Flashcards

1
Q

Simple Present (is/are) –> Present Perfect (has/have been)

A

Do it ONLY when absolutely necessary

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2
Q

“for doing so”

A

“for doing this”

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3
Q

“European Union member or not”

A

“whether European Union members or not”

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4
Q

even (word order)

A

Be careful with “even”. i.e. “to even obtaining ones….” X Usually “even” is after verb or auxiliary verb / Use “It may even be the case…”

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5
Q

public Spanish vaults

A

Spanish public vaults

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6
Q

in their visit

A

during their visit

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7
Q

as well

A

Don’t overuse it! Use it only when necessary. Otherwise, use “and”, if possible. Also: “in addition to”, “along with”

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8
Q

Experencia muestra…

A

Experience shows…

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9
Q

in their endeavour in attracting

A

in their endeavour to attract

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10
Q

Ni con…ni….ni

A

cannot compete either in terms of the…or…or ,,

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11
Q

making a mistake aiming at the City

A

making a mistake by aiming at the City

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12
Q

Products and services that the United Kingdom sells to the exterior

A

THE products and services that the United Kingdom sells to the exterior

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13
Q

lists with no “and”

A

ADD “AND”

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14
Q

as much as in…..as…..as….

A

as much in…..as in…..as in….

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15
Q

o (in inclusive lists)

A

should be “and” instead of “or” (TIP: is it an option? Then “o”. This OR this.)

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16
Q

should redirect its efforts in profiting from the advantages

A

should redirect its efforts from profiting from the advantages (because it is “away from”..)

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17
Q

gracias a Abengoa, podrían considerar que

A

….they might consider/conclude… (NOT “could”)

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18
Q

devorado por ansiedad / consumed by anxiety

A

consumed WITH anxiety

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19
Q

the Aguilar house

A

the Aguilars’ house

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20
Q

en aquel momento

A

at that time (NOT “in that very moment”)

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21
Q

en el momento

A

at the time

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22
Q

His aspect inextricably blended the air of a Spanish aristocrat (ashamed of being one) with one of an ancient warrior from East Asia

A

His aspect inextricably blended the air of a Spanish aristocrat (ashamed of being one) and that of an ancient warrior from East Asia

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23
Q

invitaba a que un observador

A

might have led an observer to (NOT: would invite an unsuspecting observer to)

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24
Q

cordialísimo / so very cordial

A

embellishment, use convivial (or other stronger adjective for “cordial”

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25
Q

The problem is that if I, when trying to save my interview, asked him….

A

KEEP IT CONSISTENT with grammar in sentence even if different in Spanish: The problem was that if I, when trying to save my interview, asked him….

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26
Q

The problem was that if I, trying to save my interview, asked him….

A

The problem was that if I, when trying to save my interview, asked him….

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27
Q

Ferlosio told me the story that held me in suspense for the last two years

A

Ferlosio told me the story that has held me in suspense for the last two years

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28
Q

I don’t remember who brought up the name Rafael Sánchez Mazas, nor how.

A

I don’t remember…, OR how. (Neither…nor / Not….or)

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29
Q

I currently am

A

I am currently

30
Q

this last entity

A

the latter entity

31
Q

move in such a way that counters the ocean’s movements

A

move in such a way AS TO counter the ocean’s movements

32
Q

as much as in their structure as in their functional role.

A

as much X in their structure as in their functional role

33
Q

their body is

A

their bodies are

34
Q

Placement of adverbs at beginning

A

Just put it before the verb (or after if auxiliary or “be”), NOT at the very beginning!

35
Q

mixing “the” and their” in same sentence

A

Stick to ONE! (and proofread outside of brackets separately)

36
Q

prey, which are

A

prey, which is (uncountable noun = singular)

37
Q

their density is very low in relation with that of the water

A

their density is very low in relation to that of the water

38
Q

enough oxygen that permits them to release energy

A

enough oxygen to enable them to release energy

39
Q

abstention of

A

abstention from

40
Q

that allows for their interpretatio

A

that allows their interpretation

41
Q

ALLOW FOR (when to use)

A

If you allow for certain problems or expenses, you include some extra time or money in your planning so that you can deal with them if they occur. (ex. You have to allow for a certain amount of error. / The budget simply could not allow for such an increase.)

42
Q

providing people the necessary income

A

providing people with the necessary income (provide + person/thing +with + something)

43
Q

categories of experience imposed on by the latent functions of employment

A

categories of experience imposed by the latent functions of employment (impose something ON something)

44
Q

considered as one of

A

considered one of

45
Q

to go beyond….to

A

to go beyond + V-ing . . . to + V-ing

46
Q

definitely has not shown

A

has definitely not shown (adverbs between HAVE and PP)

47
Q

“at present” together with a present perfect tense

A

DO NOT DO THIS!

48
Q

la investigación ha demostrado que el desempleo no sólo está asociado a, sino que es causa de un deterioro significativo de la salud mental de quienes lo experimentan.

A

the research has shown that, beyond being associated with the deterioration of mental health, it is at the root of that deterioration of the people who experience it. (beyond X, X is…)

49
Q

it has demonstrated that unemployment is not just associated with, but is also the cause of significant mental health deterioration in those who have experienced it.

A

it has demonstrated that unemployment is not just associated with, but is also the cause of, significant mental health deterioration in those who have experienced it.

50
Q

knowledge about Canadian society

A

knowledge of Canadian society

51
Q

Subject-object agreement (singular/plural nouns)

A

ALWAYS double check complicated sentences

52
Q

since

A

Do CTRL + F to see if I hadn’t left out the present perfect by accident

53
Q

strategy + preposition

A

strategy for

54
Q

ADVERB PLACEMENT

A

(Adverbs right before verbs, BUT right after all auxiliary verbs and the verb “be”)

55
Q

a crime about corruption

A

a crime concerning corruption

56
Q

now it is possible

A

it is now possible (like with adverb placement”be”)

57
Q

would love being

A

would love to be

58
Q

inappropriate of a writer

A

inappropriate for a writer

59
Q

lately (placement and commas)

A

ONLY at beginning (with or without comma) and at end

60
Q

Nothing bad will happen [by being included on the list]

A

Nothing bad will happen [if a site is included on the list]

61
Q

paid by the country

A

paid for by

62
Q

journalists that blend into a crowd of more than 2,000 tourists

A

journalists that blend into the crowd of more than 2,000 tourists

63
Q

The kings of Spain, the millionaire Bill Gates, the actresses Cameron Diaz and Susan Sarandon and the singer Olivia Newton-John

A

The kings of Spain, millionaire Bill Gates, actresses Cameron Diaz and Susan Sarandon and singer Olivia Newton-John (NO “the” in front of professions)

64
Q

sites (both natural and archaeological) the country has to offer

A

natural and archaeological sites the country has to offer

65
Q

organisations - singular or plural?

A

singular ONLY! always

66
Q

fire (employment)

A

sack

67
Q

to lose your job because the company no longer needs you

A

to be made redundant

68
Q

adverbs with -ly - with hyphen or not?

A

NOT hyphen

69
Q

Si se adoptARAN políticas…

A

If policies WERE adopted…. (subjunctive Spanish -ara)

70
Q
A

CertTrans (7 decks)

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