GRAMAMR Flashcards

1
Q

conditions for using たら for suggestions

A

-advice phrase, in past form
-add ら
-any of the following depending on formality:
 いかがですか
 どうですか
 いいと思う
 どう(思う)
 

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2
Q

conditions for decisions with ことにする

A

-verb is in dictionary form
-add ことに
-different forms:
 する decide
 した decided
 している おr していた make it habbit/made it habit

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3
Q

conditions for “to go with/come with”

A

-for animate objects: 連れて行く おr 連れて来る
-for inanimate objects: 持って行く おr 持って来る
-when talking about superiors:
一緒に行く おr一緒に来る

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4
Q

conditions for “something like” with でも

A
  • noun or pronoun

- just. add it basically

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5
Q

“before” and “after”

A
  • nounの前に おr nounの後で

- verb (dict)前に おr verb(PAST)後で

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6
Q

conditions for と contditionals

A
  • noun: だ or でない+と+resultant clause
  • い adj (plain nonpast)+と+resultant clause
  • な adj+だ or でない+と+resultant clause
  • verb (plain nonpast)+と+resultant clause
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7
Q

meanings of と conditionals

A
  • in a present tense sentence: implies the resultant clause is expected consequence to the first part. commonly translates to “whenever”
  • in a past tense sentence: implies something that happened out of the speaker’s control. usually unexpected events
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8
Q

motherly commands

A
  • class 1: う>い+なさい
  • class 2: drop る+なさい
  • class 3: する>しなさい、くる>きなさい
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9
Q

blunt commands

A
  • class 1: う>え
  • class 2: る>ろ
  • class 3: する>しろ、くる>こい
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10
Q

“must not do”

A
て form of verb+は+ the following:
   だめだ (だめです)
   ならない (なりません)
   いけない (いけません)
   困る (困ります)
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11
Q

end particles: の&よ

A

の:

  • feminine speech
  • indicates question or implied request for explanation
  • informal んです
  • masculinized by saying のだ instead

よ:

  • expresses new information or one’s opinion
  • can come after の
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12
Q

adverbial use of adjectives

A

いadj:い>く

なadj:+に

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13
Q

“must do”

A
[て form of negative verb]+[は] or [negativeばconditional]
   だめだ (だめです)
   ならない (なりません)
   いけない (いけません)
   こまる (こまります)
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14
Q

end particle の

A

よく女を使われる
indicates question
more informal んだ/んです

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15
Q

end particle よ

A

新しい情報
opinions
can come after の

for more masculinity end sentence with usual sentence enders ex. 新しい仕事なのか?

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16
Q

adverbial use of adjectives

A

い adj (drop い) + く

な adj add に

17
Q

までに

A

goes from “until” (まで) to “by (a time)” (までに) ex. 午後一時までに勉強した。i have to study by 1 pm

18
Q

about と conditionals

A

portrays a sense of inevitability and/or immediacy

{noun+だ/でない
いadj
verb in dict or ない form
なadj by itself} + と、followed by resultant clause

past tense implies unexpected event