Chapter 2 Grammar

Question 0

ため (に/の)

Answer 0

“do something for …”
plain nonpast verb+ため+に
noun+の+に

“for the purpose of …”
plain nonpast verb+ため+の
noun+の+ため+の

Question 1

たり

Answer 1

“to do things like …”

plain past form of verb+たり+する/です

Question 2

あげる

Answer 2

speaker gives to equal or sub

giverが/はrecieverにobjをあげる
-ex 私は友だちにお茶をあげる

Question 3

くれる

Answer 3

someone sub or equal gives to speaker

-ex 友だちが私に本をくれる

Question 4

もらう

Answer 4

speaker receives from equal or sub

Question 5

さしあげる

Answer 5

speaker gives to superior

Question 6

下さる

Answer 6

superior gives to speaker

Question 7

いただく

Answer 7

speaker receives from superior

Question 8

やる

Answer 8

speaker gives to inferior

Question 9

ばかり

Answer 9

means “only”
difference from “だけ”

this implies that one had more to do but only did x

Question 10

ずつ

Answer 10

preceded by a counter and number, it means “at a time” or “each”

Question 11

て form+giving/receiving verb

Answer 11

do (てform verb) for someone

Question 12

でもいい

Answer 12

てform+いい？
             いいですか。
             かまいませんか。
             いいでしょうか。
             よろしいでしょうか。
may I (do something)

Question 13

granting permission

Answer 13

ええ、どうぞ。
ええ、けっこうですよ。
ええ、もちろんです。
ええ、ご自由に。(じ・ゆう)
ええ、どうぞお使い下さい。

Question 14

denying permission

Answer 14

ちょっと…
すみませんが、ちょっと…
申し訳ありませんが、ちょっと…

Question 15

ないで下さい

Answer 15

negative てform (ないで)+:

• くれ
• 下さい
• 下さいませんか。

Question 16

どうぞ遠慮しないでください

Answer 16

please don’t hesitate

Question 17

あのう、このつまらないものですが、どうぞ。

Answer 17

uh, this is a trifling thing but please accept it.

Question 18

いいえ、そんな…

Answer 18

no, this sort of thing… (won’t do)

Question 19

そうですか。でわ、ありがとうございます。

Answer 19

really? well, thank you very much.

Question 20

何も有りませんが、どうぞ召し上がれ下さい。(め・し・あが・れ)

Answer 20

we don’t have anything special, but please go ahead and eat.

Question 21

いいえ、どうぞおかまいなく。

Answer 21

no please don’t trouble yourself over me.

used for polite refusals.

Question 22

ほうがいい

Answer 22

たform
nonpast negative (ない)+ほうがいい

translates as “should” or “you better” or “shouldn’t” or “better not”

Question 23

ところだ

Answer 23

dictionary form+ところだ means “I am about to do (verb)”

てform+いる+ところだ means “I am in the middle of (verb)”

Question 24

中

Answer 24

at end of a word it means “middle of”
read as ちゅう

こう事中 under construction 
話し中 (phone) is busy
じゅんび中 under preparation 
えいぎょう中 open for business 
む中 in a daze

Question 25

て置く

Answer 25

to do something in advance
てform+置く
often shortened to とく like なくて to なくちゃ

Question 26

しか…ない

Answer 26

しか replaces any particle and when sentence ends negatively, it means “only”

implies insufficiency