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ID > Gram stain > Flashcards

Gram stain Flashcards

1
Q

gram pos cocci

A

staph auresus- if n/surg or trauma last month add vanc

strep pneumo- vanc and ceftriaxone

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2
Q

gram neg cocci

A

neisseria- 3rd gen ceph

neisseria gonorrhoea
moraxella catarrhalis

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3
Q

gram pos bacilli

A

listeria - amp or penicillin G

ABCDL
actinomycetes
bacillus anthraxis, cereus
clostridium
diphtheria
listeria
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4
Q

Gram neg bacilli

A

enterobacteraceae (klebsiella or E coli)- ceftr

pseudomonas or acinetobacter - if neurosurg last months then ceftazidime, cefepime, meropenem

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5
Q

Hydatid cyst vs amoebic abscess on exam

A

hydatid large liver asymptomatic, non tender no fever

abscess large tender liver, fever

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6
Q

Gram positive cocci in clusters UTI

A

staph saprophyticus

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7
Q

enterococcus look like

A

gram pos cocci in chains

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8
Q

In the lab how do they figure out staph vs strep

A

staph catalase positive

strep catalase neg

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9
Q

No haemolysis on blood agar

A

enterococcus

partial = green = alpha = s pneumo (optochonin sens) and s viridans (optochonin resist)
complete = clear = beta = s pyogenes, s agalactiae
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10
Q

What are the coag neg staph?

A

s saprophyticus

s epidermis

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11
Q

Kaposis - cause

A

HHV8

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12
Q

nocardia is

A

gram positive

filamentous

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13
Q

olecranon bursitis

A

staph

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14
Q

Q fever

A

coxiella burnetti

pleomorphic
gram neg
bacilli or coccobacilli
obligate intracellular

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15
Q

risk factors for mucormycosis

A

iron overload
diabetes

once have it hihg risk for cavernous sinus thrombosis (CN III, IV, V1, V2, VI initial signs)

give amphotericin B then posaconazole

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16
Q

when would you think fusarium?

A

neutropaenic and blood cultures grow hyaline mould
endopthalmitis
angio invasive- stroke like events
lesions near toenails

17
Q

drowning event, think which fungus

A

scedosporium

18
Q

MOA penicillin vs ceftaroline

A

ceftaroline binds PBP2

penicillin inhibits formation of peptidoglcan cross links n the bacterial cell wall by binding to enzyme DD-transpeptidase–>cannot catalyse the formation of cross links –>imbalance between cell wall production and degradation

19
Q

What in MRSA enables the necrotising lung abscess formation?

A

PVL gene in MRSA

20
Q

Community vs healthcare acuired MRSA

A

HA: large SCCmecA, MDR, infection many sites like blood, lung skin, diabetes/dialysis/long term health care

CA: small SCCmecA, younger patients, healthy, MSM, IVDU , skin and soft tissue infection, often express PVL which allows to form lung abscesses, can be sens to bactrim, macrolide, doxy, lincosamides

21
Q

Why VRE?

A

overuse of third gen cephalosporins

22
Q

Difference between AMPC beta lactamases and ESBL

A

ESBL is inhibited by clavulanic acid

AMPC beta lactamases are not

23
Q

Monocytes in CSF?

A

listeria monocytogenes

24
Q

commonest viral men

A

enterovirus then HSV 2 then varicella

25
Q

meningoencephalitis most common

A

HSV 1 adults

HSV 2 kids

26
Q

steroids in TB mening?

A

Reduces mortality

27
Q

HSV PCR negative day 1 but suspect

A

repeat- may be false negative

28
Q

catalase positive gram pos cocci

catalase neg gram pos cocci

A

catalase pos staph

neg enterococcus or strep

29
Q

Gram positive facultative intracellular bacteria

A

listeria

other IC organisms are chlamydia, rickettisa, brucella, mycobacteria

30
Q

the only gram positive organism to produce endotoxins

A

listeria

give ampicillin

31
Q

JC virus lives WHERE?

A

In PML it is affecting the OLIGODENDROCYTES!!

32
Q

how can you predict if cryptosporidium diarrhoea will be self limiting?

A

CD4 over180 will usually self limit
otherwise unremitting
can be associated with cholangitis, papillary stenosis, cholecystitis

ID (14 decks)

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