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ID > antibiotics and bugs > Flashcards

antibiotics and bugs Flashcards

1
Q

treat ESCAPPM organisms?

ESCHAPPM is a mnemonic for the organisms with inducible beta-lactamase activity that is chromosomally mediated

A

carbapenems
fourth gen cephalosporins
ciprofloxacin or aminogycosides

Enterobacter
Serratia
Citrobacter
Hafnia
Aeromonas
Proteus
Providencia
Morganella Morganii
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2
Q

Mechanism of rifampicin

A

inhibits bacterial DNA dependent RNA polymerase preventing transcription of DNA into mRNA

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3
Q

Mechanism of isoniazid

A

mechanism of action: inhibits mycolic acid synthesis

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4
Q

Pyrazinamide MOA

A

mechanism of action: converted by pyrazinamidase into pyrazinoic acid which in turn inhibits fatty acid synthase (FAS) I

Causes gout!!

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5
Q

MOA of ethambutol

A

inhibits the enzyme arabinosyl transferase which polymerizes arabinose into arabinan

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6
Q

MOA beta lactam (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams)

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis

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7
Q

MOA glycopeptides eg vanc, teicoplanin

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis

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8
Q

aminoglycoside MOA

A

inhibit protein synthesis (30S ribosomal subunit)

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9
Q

tetracycline MOA

eg doxy

A

inhibit protein synthesis (30S ribosomal subunit)

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10
Q

MOA chloramphenicol

A

inhibit protein synthesis (50S ribosomal subunit)

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11
Q

MOA clindamycin

A

inhibit protein synthesis (50S ribosomal subunit)

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12
Q

MOA macrolides

eg eryth, azith, roxith

A

inhibit protein synthesis (50S ribosomal subunit)

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13
Q

MOA linezolid

A

inhibit protein synthesis (50S ribosomal subunit)

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14
Q

MOA trimethoprim and sulphonamides

A

block folic acid synthesis

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15
Q

MOA fluoroquinolones

A

DNA gyrase inhibition

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16
Q

MOA Daptomycin

A

inhibit cell membrane function

17
Q

What is the main drawback of cephalosporins?

A

Do not cover enterococcus

18
Q

Which antibiotics are bactericidal? (5)

A 
Beta lactams
Glycopeptides
Aminoglycosides
Fluoroquinolones
Colistin
19
Q

How are ESBLs encoded and transmitted?

A

Plasmids

20
Q

What are three examples of altered binding sites as a mechanism of resistance?

A

Rifampicin binding RNA polymerase
S pneumoniae and penicillin resistance
Methicillin resistance in S aureus and coag negative staph
Fluoroquinolone resistance by alteration of DNA gyrase

21
Q

Cephalosporins do not cover LAME organisms…

A

Listeria
Atypicals
MRSA (except ceftaroline 5th gen)
Enterococci

22
Q

Four notorious for C diff?

A

Amox
Amp
Clinda
Linco

23
Q

Indications for infection VZV in immunocompetent person?

A

Age over 50
severe rash
mod-sev pain
eye involvement or face

should initiate within 72 hours of the rash

24
Q

Melioid treatment?

A

First line is either ceftazidime or meropenem followed by BACTRIM

Imipinem second line

25
Q

Get actual tetnus?

A

IM tetanus immunoglobulin
vent support
muscle relaxants
METRO NOT BENPEN

26
Q

Who gets a tetanus booster?

A

Uncertain history of immunisation three or more times? minor wounds- tetanus vax only
all other- vax and Immunglob

History of three or more doses of vax?
less than 5 years ago- no worries
5-10 years ago and a minor wound- no worries
5-10 and a nasty wound or more than 10- vax

27
Q

Ertapenem is the carbapenem that does not cover///

A

pseudomonas

28
Q

What do carbapenems not cover

A

MRSA
burkholderia cepacia
not atypicals
not stenotrophomonas maltophilia

only ok for enterococcus

causes SEIZURES

29
Q

WHy is nitrofurantoin creepy?

A

hepatitis
haemolysis
pulmonary toxicity
polyneuropathy

30
Q

side effects linezolid

A 
lactic acidosis!!
serotonin syndrome
bone marrow supression
peripheral neuropathy
optic neuropathy
31
Q

Which NNRTI avoid in suicidal history?

A

Efavirenz

32
Q

What will cover enterobacter and bacteroides for HITH?

A

Ertapenem

Remember mero covers pseudo- erta does not
Erta does not cover nocardia

33
Q

Why is there a rash in Dengue?

A

Immune complex formation

34
Q

If skin prick to penicillin positive, what is the chance you are also ceph positive sens?

A

2%

35
Q

What proportion of Pneumococcal meningitis patients have pneumonia

A

1/3

ID (14 decks)

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