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Sketchy Micro > Gram Postiive Cocci > Flashcards

Gram Postiive Cocci Flashcards

1
Q

Gram Positive cocci

A
  • S. Aureus
  • S. Epididymis
  • S. Saprophyticus
  • Strep pyrogenes (Group A strep)
  • Strep Agalactiae (Group B strep)
  • Strep pneumonia
  • Strep viridians
  • Strep gallalyticus (group D strep)
  • Enterococcus Faccium or faecalis
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2
Q

Staph Aureus ID
Gram —-
— shaped
catalase —–
coagulase —–

A
  • Gram positive
  • Cocci shaped
  • Catalase +
  • coagulase +
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3
Q

what test tells staph aureus apart from staph epididymis and staph saprophyticus

A
  • Coagulase +
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4
Q

Staph aureus is —– on blood agar

A

yellow or golden apperance

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5
Q

Staph aureus is —– hemolytic

A

beta

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6
Q

Staph aureus causes

A
  • pneumonia with patchy infiltrate
  • most common cause of septic arthritis in adults
  • most common cause of OM in adults
  • causes abscess
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7
Q

what is the main virulence factor of staph aureus

A

Protein A

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8
Q

What are the toxin mediated diseases caused by staph aureus

A
  • scalded skin syndrome
  • Toxic shock syndrome
  • Rapid onset food poisoning
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9
Q

Toxic shock syndrome caused by staph aureus

A
  • can be caused by leaving a tampon on for too long
  • causes a cytokine storm
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10
Q

Rapid onset food poisoning caused by staph aureus

A
  • Associated with vomiting than diarrhea
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11
Q

Treatment for staph aureus

A
  • vancomycin
  • if methicilin sensitive, use Nafcilin
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12
Q

—- resistance can occur with Staph aureus

A

MRSA

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13
Q

Staph Epididymis and saprophyticus ID
gram ——
—- shaped
catalase —–
coagulase ——
produces ——

A
  • positive
  • cocci
  • positive
  • negative
  • urease
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14
Q

How can you tell staph epididymis from saprophyticus?

A

Staph epi- novobiosin sensitive
staph sapro- novobiocin resistant

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15
Q

Staph Epi is a normal flora of the ——

A

skin

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16
Q

staph epi produces —–

A

biofilm

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17
Q

infections caused by staph epi

A
  • Prosthetic joint infection
  • cathether associated infection
  • most common cause of endocarditis affecting heart valves
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18
Q

Treatment of staph Epi

A

Vancomycin

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19
Q

infections caused by staph saprophyticus

A
  • honey moon cystitis which is UTI affecting sexually active females
  • Acute bacterial endocarditis
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20
Q

Strep pyrogenes (Group A strep) ID
Gram —–
— shaped
—– capsule made out of ——

A
  • positive
  • cocci
  • encapsulated capsule made out of hyaluronic acid
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21
Q

How can you tell strep pyrogenes (GAS) from strep agalactiae (GBS)

A

Bacitracin sensitive

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22
Q

Pyrogenic infections caused by GAS

A
  • impetigo
  • Phayngitis (strep throat)
  • cellulitis and erysipelas
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23
Q

Impetigo

A

Honey coated skin infection

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24
Q

Erysipelas

A

superficial infection with demarcated borders

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25
Q

infections caused by strep pyrogenes toxins

A
  • scarlet fever
  • toxic shock like syndrome
  • necrotizing fascitis
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26
Q

Scarlet fecer

A
  • redening and swelling of the tongue (strawberry tongue)
  • widespread rash that spares the face
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27
Q

What GAS toxins cause scarlet fever and Toxic shock likre syndrome

A
  • SpeA and SpeC
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28
Q

what GAS toxin causes necrotizing faascitis

A

SpeB

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29
Q

—– is the main virulence factor of GAS responsible for rheumatic fever

A

M protein

30
Q

M protein

A
  • interferes with opsonization (anti-phagocytic)
  • M protein mimics the myosin in our heart and causes our own antibodies to attack out heart
31
Q

—– valves are normally affected by rheumatic fever

A

Mitral valve

32
Q

Symptoms of rheumatic fever

A

(JONES CRITERIA)
J- joints, polyarthritis
O- heart problems including murmurs, myocarditis, pericarditis
N- subcutaneous nodules
E- Erythema nodusum
S- Syndenham chorea

33
Q

Post strep Glomerulonephritis (PSGN)

A
  • occurs after a pharyngitis
  • type 3 hypersensitivity
34
Q

Symptoms of PSGN

A
  • dark brown or cola colored urine
  • Facial swelling from edema
  • occurs 2 weeks after onset of the initial pharyngitis infection
35
Q

Rheumatic fever occurs after

A

Pharyngitis

36
Q

PSGN occurs after

A

Pharyngitis or a superficial infection like impetigo

37
Q

Early diagnosis of pharyngitis can prevent —— but cannot precent —–

A
  • Rheumatic fever
  • PSGN
38
Q

virulence factors of GAS

A
  • Streptolysin O
  • streptokinase
  • DNAse
39
Q

streptolysin O

A
  • virulence factor that allows GAS to lyse RBC and be beta hemolytic
  • can be used to diagnose pharyngitis
40
Q

what virulence factor can be used to diagnose pharyngitis

A

Streptolysin O

41
Q

Streptokinase

A

converts plasminogen to plasmin

42
Q

how do you tell if someone has recently had GAS infection

A

Antistreptolysin O titers

43
Q

Treatment of GAS

A

Penicillin

44
Q

Strep agalactiae ID
Gram ——
—- shaped
—— positive test
—– resistant
—– positive

A
  • gram positive
  • cocci shaped
  • Hippurate positive
  • bacitracin resistant
  • CAMP positive
45
Q

Strep agalactiae capsule is made out of

A

Polysaccharide

46
Q

Strep agalactiae mostly affects

A

New borns

47
Q

infections caused by strep agalactiae

A
  • Causes meningitis in neonates (#1 cause)
  • Causes sepsis in neonates
  • causes pneumonia
48
Q

How do neonates get strep agalactiae

A
  • through the vaginal canal of the mother during delivery
49
Q

Mothers are swabbed for strep agalactiae when

A

at 35 weeks

50
Q

If the mother is colonized with strep agalactiae, the baby is protected from this by giving the mother ——

A

Intrapartrum penicillin

51
Q

Strep pneumonia ID
Gram —–
—- hemolytic
—- shaped
encapsulated with —– capsule
—– protease
—— sensitive
—– soluble

A
  • gram positive
  • alpha hemolytic
  • cocci shaped
  • polysaccharide
  • IgA protease
  • optochin sensitive
  • Bile soluble
52
Q

—— is the #1 cause of community acquired pneumonia

A

Strep pnuemonia

53
Q

Strep pneumonia leads to production of —– sputum

A

Rust colored

54
Q

Strep Pneumonia is the cause of which of the following diseases

A

(MOPS)
Meningitis
Otitis media
Pneumonia
Sinusitis

55
Q

Individuals that had a splenectomy or autosplenectomy like sickle cell diseases have greater risk of being infected by —— organisms

A

Encapsulated

56
Q

Patients with sickle cell diseases are susceptible to —— infection

A

Strep pneumonia

57
Q

Treatment of strep pneumonia

A
  • macrolides
  • 3rd gen cephalosporins like ceftriaxone
58
Q

How can you prevent strep pneumonia

A

VACCINES
- 23 valence for adults, IgM response
- 7 valence for children, causes an IgG response

59
Q

Strep viridians ID
Gram ——
—- shaped
encapsulated???
—– resistant
—– hemolytic

A

Gram positive
cocci shaped
not encapsulated
bile resistant
alpha hemolytic

60
Q

Viridans group especially strep mutans causes ——-

A

dental carries

61
Q

Viridans adheres to ——

A

Platelets

62
Q

Enterococcus faecium or fecalis is bile —–

A

Resistant

63
Q

Enterococcus faecium or faecalis are able to grow in medium of —–

A

6.5% NaCl

64
Q

infections caused by enterococcus

A
  • UTIs
  • Endocarditis
  • infection of the biliary tree
65
Q

Treatment of enterococcus

A
  • it is nosocomial which means it is resistant to almost every antibiotic including vancomycin; it is a VRE (vancomycin resistant enterococcus)
  • linezolid is the go to treatment
  • Tigecycline
66
Q

Strep gallolyticus (strep bovis) (GDS) ID
Gram —–
—- hemolytic
Bile ——

A

Gram positive
gamma
senstive

67
Q

Strep gallolyticus is encapuslated in —– capsule

A

polysaccharide

68
Q

Strep gallolyticus is a normal —– flora

A

GI tract

69
Q

infections caused by strep gallolyticus

A
  • Endocarditis
  • Collorectal neoplasia
70
Q

If a patient is diagnosed with a strep gallolyticus, it is important to obtain a colonoscopy as they may have ——

A

Colon cancer

71
Q

Treatment of Strep gallolyticus

A
  • vancomycin
  • penicillin
  • 3rd gen cephalosporin

Sketchy Micro (5 decks)

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