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Sketchy Micro > Gram Negative Cocci > Flashcards

Gram Negative Cocci Flashcards

1
Q

Neisseria
Gram ——
shape??
oxidase —- (+/-?)

A
  • Gram negative
  • diplococci
  • oxidase +
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2
Q

which neisseria can metabolize glucose

A
  • Neisseria gonorrhea
  • Neisseria meningiditis
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3
Q

which neisseria can metabolize glucose and maltose

A
  • N. meningiditis
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4
Q

T or F
Neisseria can grow in sheep blood agar

A

F
Neisseria cannot grow in sheep blood agar

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5
Q

T or F
Neisseria can grow in chocolate agar

A

T

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6
Q

T or F
VPN is selective for neisseria (Thayer martin agar)

A

T

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7
Q

what is an essential host defense mechanism against neisseria infections?

A

MAC (C5-C9)

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8
Q

what is the major virulence factor of neisseria

A

Pilli

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9
Q

Virulence factors of neisseria

A
  • pilli
  • IgA protease (inactivates IgA)
  • LOS (lipooligosaccharide)
  • Opa proteins
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10
Q

—- is the second cause of acute bacterial meningitis (#1 is strep pneumoniae)

A

N.meningiditis

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11
Q

Pili in N.meningiditis promotes —– colonization

A

nasopharyngeal

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12
Q

T or F
N.meningiditis has a protective capsule

A

T

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13
Q

N.meningiditis spreads via

A

Respiratory droplets

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14
Q

N. meninigiditis bacteria enters the body through the ——

A

Nasopharynx

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15
Q

Outbreaks of N. meningiditis are prominent in places like

A

military quarters and dorms

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16
Q

N.meningiditis spreads via —– spread

A

hematogenous

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17
Q

Once in the blood stream, N.meningiditis causes a pro-inflammatory generated by ——

A

LOS (lipooligosaccharide)

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18
Q

what causes massive inflammatory response in N.meningiditis

A

LOS blebs

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19
Q

The inflammatory response caused by LOS blebs leads to

A

vascular injury

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20
Q

Leaky vasculars caused by LOS blebs causes —–

A

shock

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21
Q

—– is a strong indicator of thrombocytopenia

A

Petechial rash

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22
Q

If a small petechiae is evolving to a large purpura, this is a sign of

A

DIC (immediate attention is needed)

23
Q

what is a syndrome caused by N.meningiditis in the adrenal glands which can extenuate shock

A

Waterhouse friedrichsen syndrome

24
Q

signs of shock due to N.meningiditis

A
  • hypoglycemia
  • hyponatremia
  • Hyperkalemia
25
Q

S and S of N. meningiditis

A
  • febrile
  • flu like symptoms
  • Intense myalgias
  • Strep like pharyngitis
  • Petechial rash which can progress to purpura (strong indicator of DIC)
  • septic shock
26
Q

Presentation of acute bacterial meningitis caused by N.meningiditis

A
  • neck stiffness
  • fever
  • headache
27
Q

As patients recover from N.meningidiits, they can have immune complex mediated complications such as

A
  • arthritis
  • pericarditis
  • vasculitis
28
Q

Treatment of N. meningiditis

A
  • ceftriaxone
  • penicillin
  • chloramphenicol (if allergic to penicillin and other beta lactams)
29
Q

drug used for N.meningidits post exposure prophylaxis

A
  • Rifampin
  • ceftriaxone
  • ciprofloxacin
30
Q

T or F
There are vaccines for N. meningitidits

A

T

31
Q

Neisseria gonorrhea is a —- intracellular

A

Facultative

32
Q

T or F
Neisseria gonorrhea is not encapsulated

A

T

33
Q

T or F
N.gonorrhea is an STI

A

T

34
Q

New borns can get N. gonorrhea through the —–

A

vaginal canal

35
Q

N.gonorrhea to infants that contract it through the vaginal canal can cause

A

Severe eye infection and blindness

36
Q

Clinical features of N.gonorrhea in males

A
  • Asymptomatic and symptomatic Urethritis
  • Prostatitis
  • Orchitis
37
Q

clinical features of N.gonorrhea in females

A
  • mucopurulent cervicitis
  • Intermenstrual bleeding
  • Salpingitis
  • Fitz hugh curtis syndrome (spread to liver and peritoneum)
  • Purulent arthritis
38
Q

Disseminated Gonococcal infection can present as

A
  • Polyarthralgia (involves the knees, ankles, wrists)
  • Tenosynovitis (affects tendons)
  • dermatitis
39
Q

N.gonorrhea in infants can present as

A

Ophthalmia neonatorum

40
Q

N.gonorrhea in infants causing eye infection can be prevented by

A

Applying erythromycin ointment to baby’s eyes

41
Q

Preferred testing for N.gonorrhea

A

NAAT

42
Q

Treatment for N.gonorrhea

A

Ceftriaxone

43
Q

T or F
You need to cover for chlamydia when treating N.gonorrhea

A

T

44
Q

What do you use to cover chlamydia when treating N.gonorrhea

A

Doxycycline or macrolide like azithromycin

45
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis
Gram—–
shape??
oxidase —–
Aerobe or anaerobe?

A

Gram negative
diplococcus
oxidase positive
Aerobe

46
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis normally takes up residence in the ——-

A

Nasopharynx

47
Q

M.catarrhalis can form —– that helps it resist antibiotics

A

Biofilm

48
Q

T or F
M.catarrhalis produces beta lactamase

A

T

49
Q

M.catarrhalis has a positive hockey puck sign, what does that mean?

A

colonies slide easy across the agar like a hockey puck on ice
it is unique to M.catarrhalis

50
Q

M.catarrhalis is a common cause of —– in children

A

Otitis media

51
Q

bacterial sinusitis is commonly caused by

A

M.catarrhalis

52
Q

T or F
M.catarrhalis can cause COPD exacerbations

A

T

53
Q

Treatment of M.catarrhalis

A
  • Cephalosporins
  • Amoxicillin-clavulante
  • TMP-SMX
  • FQ
54
Q
A

Sketchy Micro (5 decks)

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