Gram Negatives Flashcards
what are the most common shape for gram negatives
bacilli (gram +ve tend to be all about the cocci)
what are the most common shape for gram negatives
bacilli (gram +ve tend to be all about the cocci)
what is the main difference between gram +ve and gram -ve cell wall
gram positive have a thick peptidoglycan layer
gram negative have a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane
what colour are gram negative/positive
Negative =piNk
positive =purple
what antibiotics are active against gram -ve
ahminoglycosides (gentamicin) beta lactams macrolides tetracyclines chloramphenicol co-trimoxazole polymixins
what are the risk factors for hospital acquired pneumonia
patient in hospital for >48 hours ventilated time of year immunosuppresion chronic lung disease epidemiological exposure travel
what are some gram negative causes of pneumonia
haemophilia influenzas
legionella
coliforms
what is the antibiotic of choice for haemophilus influenzae
amoxicillin
doxycycline can also be used
clarithromycin can also be used but gives v bad side effects
what are some atypical (not strep) causes of pneumonia
mycoplasma pneumonia
coxiella brunette
chlamydophila psittaci
legionella
what antibiotics are usually given for atypical pneumonia
doxycycline or clarithromycin
where is legionella found
Luke warm aerosolised water (air conditioning, showers, laps)
risk factors for legionella
smokers males COPD Immunosuppressed malignancy diabetes dialysis hot tubs
what gram negative organisms can cause sepsis
E.coli kelbsiella pseudomonas serratia acinetobacter enterobacter neiisseria meningitidis
what are coliform
gram negative rods such as e.coli and other similar
- klebsiella
- proteus
- enterobacter
- serratia
what is the most common cause of antibiotic resistance in gram -ves
b lactic ring destruction from lactamase enzyme
what are ESBLs
extended spectrum b lactamases
cause resistance in gram negatives to penicillins, cephalosporins and aztreonam
what are the gram -ve cocci
neisseria meningitidis
haemophilia influenzae
moraxella
what are the gram negative bacilli
e.coli klebseilla proteus mirabills pseudomonas ESBLs legionella
what is the main difference between gram +ve and gram -ve cell wall
gram positive have a thick peptidoglycan layer
gram negative have a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane
what colour are gram negative/positive
Negative =piNk
positive =purple
what antibiotics are active against gram -ve
ahminoglycosides (gentamicin) beta lactams macrolides tetracyclines chloramphenicol co-trimoxazole polymixins
what are the risk factors for hospital acquired pneumonia
patient in hospital for >48 hours ventilated time of year immunosuppresion chronic lung disease epidemiological exposure travel
what are some gram negative causes of pneumonia
haemophilia influenzas
legionella
coliforms
what is the antibiotic of choice for haemophilus influenzae
amoxicillin
doxycycline can also be used
clarithromycin can also be used but gives v bad side effects
