Antibiotic Classes Flashcards
what are some penicillins
penicillin amoxicillin methicillin oxacillin tocarcillin pipercllan
what are the macrolides
azithromycin
erythromycin
clindamycin
what are some aminoglycosides
gentamicin
tobramycin
neomycin
kanamycin
what are some fluroquinolones
ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin
moxifloxacin
norfloxacin
what are the cephalosporins
cephalothin
cefazolin
cephapirin
cefepome
what are the carbapenems
ertapenem
imienem
meropenem
what are some nitromidazoles
metronidazole
how do penicillins attack bacteria
bactericidal - kill the bacteria
inhibit cell wall synthesis
what is a monobactam
aztreonam
what antibiotic cases inhibit cell wall synthesis
penicillin
cephalosporins
carbepenems
monobactams
what antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis (inhibit either 50s or 30s subunit)
50s macrocodes clindamycin linezolid chloramphenicol
30s
tetrcyclines
aminoglycosides
what antibiotics inhibit nucleic acid synthesis
quinolone
rifampcin
sulfonamides
trimethoprim
what antibiotic is 1st line/the work force against gram -ves
gentamicin
what antibiotics is used only for gram +ves
vancomycin
why do you choose narrow spectrum before broad
more broad spectrum antibiotics are more likely to cause antibiotic resistance
what is the most common mode of antibiotic resistance in gram -ves
beta lactamase production which destroys the beta lactic ring
what antibiotics have a beta lactic ring
penicillins
cephalosporins
carbapenims
monobactams
what are the 4 c antibiotics that cause c diff
co-amoxyclav
cepholasporins
ciprofloxacin
clindomycin
which antibiotic drug is most likely to cause photosensitivity
doxycycline
which antibiotics make epilepsy worse/ can cause convulsions
all quinolones
what antibiotic is not absorbed systemically when given orally
vancomycin
given orally for c.dif as it then works in the gut
what bacteria most commonly cause UTIs
e.coli or enterococcus
what are some side effects of quinolones
tendonitis and tendon rupture
AA rupture
psychiatric side effects
increased c.dif risk
why are quinolones often given orally
because they have very good systemic absorption when given orally, just as much as they have when given IV
what are 2 big side effects of co-amoxiclav
c.dif
cholestatic jaundice
what are 3 AIDS defining conditions
recurrent pneumonia
salmonella bacteraemia
oropharyngeal candida
what antibiotic is used to cover gram-ve ESBL producing organisms
meropenum - only beta lactic left for ESBL
after that cerbepenemase
what is the most common cause of cellulitis
skin commensals
what 4 bugs can cause bloody diarrhoea
shigella
e.coli -0157
campylobacter
salmonella
what antibiotic do you give for e.coli 0157
DON’T - antibiotics are not effective and make things worse
will cause haemolytic uraemia syndrome
what antibiotic do you give for a bacillus cerrus infection
you dont give one
will pass in 4-6 hours
