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Microbiology - Bacteriology > Gram negative Diplococci and Coccoid Rods > Flashcards

Gram negative Diplococci and Coccoid Rods Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What two bacteria are gram negative diplocci?

A

Neisseria meningococci and gonococci. Both ferment glucose, both produce IgA protease.

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2
Q

How can they be differentiated?

A

Meningo = maltose fermenter.

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3
Q

Which neisseria is often intracellular, within neutrophils?

A

Gonorrhea.

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4
Q

Which neisseria has a polysaccharide capsule?

A

Meningococci.

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5
Q

Which neisseria can be vaccinated against?

A

Meningococci.

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6
Q

Why can’t one of the neisseria be vaccinated against?

A

Pilus proteins have high level of antigenic variation.

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7
Q

How is N. gono transmitted?

A

sexually or perinatally

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8
Q

How is N. meningo transmitted?

A

Respiratory/oral secretions.

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9
Q

What is the disease presentation associated with N. gono?

A

Gonorrhea, septic arthritis, PID, Fitz-Hugh Curtis

Neonatal conjunctivitis

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10
Q

What is the disease presentation associated with N. meningo?

A

Meningococcemia and meningitis

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (adrenal hemorrhage).

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11
Q

What prevents N. gono disease?

A

Condoms decrease sexual transmission.

Erythromycin ointment prevents neonatal transmission.

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12
Q

What prevents N. meningo disease?

A

Rifampin, cipro, or ceftriaxone prophylaxis in close contacts

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13
Q

What is the treatment for N. gono disease?

A

Ceftriaxone (+ azithro or doxy for chlam coinfection)

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14
Q

What is the treatment for N. meningo disease?

A

Ceftriaxone, penicillin G.

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15
Q

Which bacteria are gram negative coccobaccilary organisms?

A

H. influenza
Bordatella
Pasteurella
Brucella

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16
Q

How is H. influenza transmitted?

A

Aerosol transmission.

17
Q

What does the H. influenza b. vaccine contain?

A

Type B capsular polysaccharide (polyribosyribitol phosphate) conjugated to diptheria toxoid or other protein. .

18
Q

when is Hib vaccine given?

A

Between 2 and 18 mos.

19
Q

Why didn’t the Hib cure all H. influenza infections?

A

Most infections caused by non-typeable strains.

20
Q

What special culture is H. flu grown on?

A

Chocolate agar, which contains factor V (NAD+) and X (hematin).

21
Q

How else can H. flu be grown?

A

With staph aureus, which provides factor V through hemolysis of RBCs.

22
Q

What disease does H. influenza cause?

A 
haEMOPhilus.
E: epiglottitis
M: meningitis
O: otitis media
P: Pneumonia
23
Q

How are mucosal H. influenza infections treated?

A

Amoxicillin +/- clav.

24
Q

How is H. influenza meningitis treated?

A

Ceftriaxone, rifampin ppx for close contacts.

25
Q

What is the difference between H. influenza that cause meningitis, epiglottis, and those that cause otitis media and sinusitis?

A

Otitis media and sinusitis ones are not encapsulated.

26
Q

How is bordatella pertussis transmitted?

A

Respiratory route

27
Q

What virulence factors does bordatella have?

A 
Capsule, betalactamase
Filamentous hemagglutin (FHA), pili rod that enables bac to bind to ciliated epithelial cells of bronchi
28
Q

How does pertussis toxin work?

A
  1. Activates G proteins that increase cAMP
    - inc histamine sens, insulin release, lymphs
  2. Extracytoplasmic adenylate cyclase
    - weaks neuts, lymphos
  3. FHA for attachment.
  4. Tracheal cytotoxin kills ciliated cells
29
Q

What are the three stags of Whooping cough?

A
  1. Catarrhal phase
  2. Paroxysmal phase
  3. Convalescent stage
30
Q

What characterizes the catarrhal phase of whooping cough?

A

1-2 weeks, pt highly contagious
Low grade fever, runny nose, mild cough
Abx susceptible

31
Q

What characterizes the paroxysmal phase of whooping cough?

A

2-10 weeks
Whooping non-productive cough
Increased # of lymphos
Abx ineffective

32
Q

What is the vaccine for bordatella?

A

DaPT: diphtheria, acellular Pertusssis, and Tetanus. Given at 2,4,6,15 mos, and between 4-6 yrs.

33
Q

What abx is useful in the catarrhal phase of bordatella?

A

erythromycin

34
Q

What special medium does bordatella grow in?

A

Bordet-Gangou: potatoes, blood, and glycerol + PCN.

35
Q

What two gram neg coccoids are also zoonotics?

A

Pasteurella (cat and dog bites) and brucella (unpasteurized dairy)

36
Q

What are the sx of pasteurella?

A

Cellulitis, osteomyelitis.

37
Q

What are the sx of brucellosis?

A

Undulant fever.

Microbiology - Bacteriology (14 decks)

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